The Subnational Politics of Economic Adjustment

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN L. REMMER ◽  
ERIK WIBBELS
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
National Level ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Subnational Politics ◽  
Economic Adjustment ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Performance ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
The Impact

Existing research has failed to address the impact of subnational politics on economic adjustment. This article attempts to fill this gap by outlining theoretical reasons for anticipating policy divergences across levels of government and by offering three hypotheses to account for variation at the subnational level. The authors explore these ideas on the basis of the Argentine experience. The study traces the impact of subnational policy on Argentine economic adjustment and tests hypotheses about subnational policy variation on the basis of provincial fiscal data. The authors' findings underline the importance of subnational policy choice for national performance and suggest a revised understanding of the role of political competition in the economic adjustment process. The authors find considerable evidence that interactions between party competition and the structure of the public sector shape provincial fiscal performance and thereby condition the capacity for economic adjustment at the national level.

Party System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaad Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Intermediate Variable ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Labour Market Reforms ◽  
The Impact

The chapter discusses the party system in the macro context of politics. It highlights the limitations of political party and interest group analysis without reference to the political competition that shapes behaviour in politics. The chapter discusses theoretically the impact of party system on labour market flexibility and proceeds to show the interrelation between party competition and the behaviour of political parties, composition of socio-economic support bases, and the behaviour of interest groups that influence reform. In the context of labour market flexibility, the party-system operates as an intermediate variable facilitating reforms. The chapter contradicts the conventional notion that party system fragmentation impedes reform by showing how increasing party competition corresponds to greater labour market reforms. It shows that increases in the number of parties, facilitates labour market reforms through marginalization of the issue of labour, realignment of class interests within broader society and fragmentation of trade union movement.

scholarly journals How Elite Partisan Polarization Affects Public Opinion Formation

2013 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES N. DRUCKMAN ◽  
ERIK PETERSON ◽  
RUNE SLOTHUUS
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Competition is a defining element of democracy. One of the most noteworthy events over the last quarter-century in U.S. politics is the change in the nature of elite party competition: The parties have become increasingly polarized. Scholars and pundits actively debate how these elite patterns influence polarization among the public (e.g., have citizens also become more ideologically polarized?). Yet, few have addressed what we see as perhaps more fundamental questions: Has elite polarization altered the way citizens arrive at their policy opinions in the first place and, if so, in what ways? We address these questions with a theory and two survey experiments (on the issues of drilling and immigration). We find stark evidence that polarized environments fundamentally change how citizens make decisions. Specifically, polarization intensifies the impact of party endorsements on opinions, decreases the impact of substantive information and, perhaps ironically, stimulates greater confidence in those—less substantively grounded—opinions. We discuss the implications for public opinion formation and the nature of democratic competition.

Direct election of regional presidents and party change in Italy

Modern Italy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wilson
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Party Change ◽  
Direct Election ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Coalitional Politics ◽  
The Impact

This article assesses the impact that direct election of regional presidents has had on party politics in Italy. It finds regional presidents exert a growing personalisation of power within parties at sub-national levels, primarily through their capacity for political nomination and de facto status as party negotiators in the governing coalition. While presidents may shape structures of regional party competition, they remain constrained by coalitional politics and can struggle to assert their authority against powerful governing partners or local powerbrokers rooted in the legislature. They also possess few mechanisms to consolidate their position at national level, consistent with a broader tendency towards ‘stratarchy’ in multi-level parties. Although the distinction between densely and loosely structured parties remains relevant, a common trend towards ‘cartelisation’ at sub-national levels is noted as political parties prioritise the control of state resources and the governing legitimacy this entails. This article contributes to our broader understanding of the multi-level dynamics of party politics in Europe, as well as the unintended consequences of experimenting with an untested hybrid model of ‘directly elected Prime Minister’ in the Italian regions.

Party, State and Political Competition in Canada: The Cartel Model Reconsidered

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Young
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
New Parties ◽  
The Public ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Party State

AbstractThis article argues that the cartel party thesis is not supported by empirical evidence in the Canadian case. Even though Canadian parties at the federal level colluded to provide themselves with funding and to hinder the entry of new parties into the system, they were not transformed into cartel patties. Canadian parties have not become primarily reliant on state resources, and the specific formulas for delivery of public funding do not remove or greatly diminish parties' incentives to solicit support from the public. Parties' ties to civil society consequently remain intact. There is little evidence for the consequent diminution of party competition or increased interpenetration of state and society posited by the cartel thesis. The article argues that the cartel model is largely inapplicable to anglo-american political systems because it fails to take into account the effect of specific forms of state funding.

scholarly journals The impact of full and partial social cleavages on party systems: A comparative analysis of the countries of the former SFRY

Sociologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-377
Author(s):  
Despot Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Social Cleavages ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Party Differences ◽  
The Impact

Party systems represent parts of political systems which arise as a result of interactions between political parties. Party relations produce characteristics which place a particular party system within the typology of party systems. A number of factors can be considered in explaining the nature of party competition, most often placed within the categories of institutional and sociostructural factors. This paper analyses the impact of full and partial social cleavages on party systems. Given that the theory of social cleavages has proved insufficient in explaining party differences and the dynamics of party systems, especially in new democracies, we will improve the analysis by including the concept of partial social cleavages. This research shows the unequivocal influence of dominant social cleavages on the situation and changes in party systems. Although in some cases no changes in the type of party system have occurred, it can be concluded that exactly in those cases there exist permanent and ingrained social cleavages, but also partial cleavages which affect the relations in the party system at the given time. Identity issues stand out as the dominant topic in political competition, especially in the countries where ethnic relations have not been resolved.

Sozialforschung an der WSL - ein Überblick | Overview of Social Research at the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Marcel Hunziker ◽  
Astrid Wallner
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Social Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Swiss Federal Institute ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
The Impact

The research carried out by the Section of Landscape and Society at the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) deals with the interaction between landscape and society. To date, the following aspects have been studied: (1) the public perception and opinion of developments in nature, landscape and environment, (2) the public perception and opinion of scientific debate on such developments,and (3) social action as a result of these developments. Striving for detailed understanding of these interactions, the methods used were based on techniques of qualitative social research. One research project examined the impact that model experiments on ecosystems had on public environmental discussion. Future research will concentrate on the following aspects of society-landscape-interaction: (1) to what extent the «needs» of the countryside are being met in areas intended for everyday and recreational use, (2) how decisions taken on a global/national level are being implemented at a local/regional, and (3) cultural and regional variations.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Ghana and the impact of public health interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia K. Ofori ◽  
Jessica S. Schwind ◽  
Kelly L. Sullivan ◽  
Benjamin J Cowling ◽  
Gerardo Chowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Case Count ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
The Impact

The study characterized the transmission of COVID-19 in Ghana by estimating the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) and exploring the effect of various public health interventions at the national and regional levels. The median Rt for Ghana and six out of sixteen regions dropped from greater than 1 in March 2020 to less than 1 in September but increased above 1 in January 2021. The relaxation of movement restrictions and religious gatherings were not associated with increased Rt in the regions with lower case burdens. However, Rt increased in most regions after schools were reopened in January 2021. In a regression analysis, we estimated that the per-capita cumulative case count increased with population size. Findings indicated the public health interventions reduced the Rt at the national level while at the regional levels, the Rt fluctuated, and the extent of fluctuation varied across regions.

scholarly journals The Possibility of the application of E- Government and its Impact on Organizational Agility in Ministry of Financial An analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakriea Yehea Ali ◽  
Salahaldien AbdulKadier Al- Nuaiemi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
National Level ◽  
Organizational Agility ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Institution

This study came to focus the research on two important topics in the field of public administration, namely "E-Government" and "Organizational Agility", as they can be considered as modern scientific foundations whose adoption can contribute .Making changes and qualitative developments in the performance of the public service provided by governmental organizations, which leads to continuous improvement, reducing red tape and controlling the possibilities of widespread administrative corruption .He also touched on the advantages and risks of e-government, its requirements and stages of application ,with the aim of clarifying and measuring the impact of e-government on organizational agility as one of the contemporary administrative approaches, as well as identifying the advantages and problems of applying e-government in an important government institution at the national level... which is the Ministry of Finance.

scholarly journals Skills building seminar: Develop collaborative tools among public health societies to mutually reinforce their interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Collaborative Tools ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract National public health societies face specific national challenges but also common challenges in several countries but in specific national contexts. At EPH2018, a first workshop entitled ‘ Can national public health societies work together for mutual support on their daily challenges? “ had allowed the national public health societies represented to highlight their interest and their ability to work together. Among the different lines of work identified, one of them was particularly emphasized: ‘How to make allies and influence health policies?’. This line of work brings different reflections: When adopt postures of conflict and / or cooperation with the public authorities? How to choose to argue from evidence based public health and / or to build and tell simple and consistent stories? What are the situations where we risk going from ‘collaborating with’ actors to’being manipulated by’ actors? What are the conditions for forming effective alliances in public health? Several topics have been identified as common issues facing the different national public health societies: migration and health, alcohol, food and information of public, physical activities and active mobility, environmental pollution. As part of this workshop we want to share the feedback of experiences presented by several national public health companies on common public health issues to learn lessons to strengthen their actions. The feedback presented will help identify and construct shared analysis frameworks, to identify the conditions favoring the influence of national public health societies. The development of these common tools will strengthen their interventions at a national level and enhance their collective effectiveness at the European level. EUPHA is the relevant framework for inscribing this approach in time and space. Key messages Eupha is the ideal place to meet other public health companies and find opportunities to develop practical transnational collaborations for a better impact of public health at the national level. The sharing of experience on common topics will strengthen the influence of the SNSPs and the impact of their actions at the country level.

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