Controlling Juvenile Delinquency: An Evaluation of an Interagency Strategy

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Pennell ◽  
Christine Curtis ◽  
Dennis C. Scheck
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Graduated Sanctions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Extended Time Period

This article presents the findings of a two-year assessment of the impact of the San Diego County Interagency Agreement upon delinquent behavior. The goals of this systemwide strategy are to reduce juvenile delinquency through consistent, early intervention and graduated sanctions, based on the nature of the arrest offense and prior offense history, and to hold youth accountable for their acts. The findings suggest that a strategy such as the Interagency Agreement may be successful in reducing juvenile crime if implemented carefully over an extended time period. Based upon the results of this evaluation, recommendations for other jurisdictions are offered.

ESG Scores and Bank Performance During COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 241-260
Author(s):  
Gamze Ozturk Danisman
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bank Stock Returns ◽  
Bank Stock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Extended Time Period

This chapter examines the impact of ESG scores on bank stock returns as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors use a sample of 73 publicly listed banks from 15 developed European countries. They perform the analysis using two different periods that cover the pandemic: the first major wave period of COVID-19 (February-April 2020) and an extended period (February 2020-April 2021). The findings reveal the negative influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on bank stock returns during the first wave of the pandemic. They further find that, during the first wave, stock returns of banks with higher ESG scores were more resilient to the pandemic. However, when they use the extended time period (from February 2020-April 2021), the influence of both COVID-19 and ESG scores becomes insignificant. The chapter's findings have important policy implications during unprecedented crisis times such as COVID-19.

Abstract P651: Should I Stay or Go: Seeking Stroke Care During Covid-19

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathyrn J Libby ◽  
Linda Couts ◽  
Paige Schoenheit-Scott ◽  
Lindsay L Olson-Mack ◽  
Amelia Kenner Brininger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Diego ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Introduction: On March 16, 2020 San Diego County implemented a stay at home order in response to COVID-19 pandemic; followed by the state of California instituting a shelter in place order. Locally, San Diego County’s stroke receiving centers (SRC) determined a 30% drop in stroke code activations between March-April 2020 compared to the same time in 2019 indicating a possible delay in seeking care. Utilizing discharge data, we sought to understand the impact of the stay at home order on the timeliness of seeking care. Hypothesis: We hypothesized an increase in last known normal (LKN) to hospital arrival time and a decrease in alteplase (tPA) and endovascular therapy (EVT) treatment rates between March 16-June 30 2020 compared to March 16-June 30 2019. Methods: AIS patients presenting to one of 16 SRC in San Diego County between March 16-June 30 in 2019 and 2020, discharged from the hospital or treated in the ED and transferred to another facility were included. Patients arriving as transfers from another facility were excluded. Results: In 2019, of 1,342 AIS cases LKN time was recorded for 85.6% of cases; of 1,092 cases in 2020 86.4% of cases had a LKN. Average LKN to arrival was 20.5 hours in 2019 and 32.4 hours in 2020 (p = .001, 95% CI [4.79, 18.93]). In 2019, 209 (15.6%) received tPA and 91 (6.8%) had EVT. In 2020, 144 (13.2%) received tPA and 75 (6.9%) had EVT. Odds that a case in 2019 received tPA was 1.21 times that of cases in 2020 (p=.09). Odds that a case in 2019 had EVT was .99 times that of cases in 2020 (p=.93). Conclusion: Ischemic stroke patients arriving between March 16-June 30, 2020 had a longer LKN to arrival time compared to the same time frame in 2019. The longer time to arrival may have been due to patients waiting longer to seek care, as anecdotal information from patients eluded to. The odds of receiving tPA or EVT treatment in 2020 compared to 2019 were not statistically significant. This may be due to patients experiencing acute symptoms accessing healthcare at the same rate in 2020 as 2019. Analysis of percent of patients arriving within 4 hours of LKN and average NIHSS are important next steps to determine this. Regardless, during a time of community crisis, it is important to broadcast community messaging focusing on the importance of seeking emergency care for stroke-like symptoms.

Abstract P268: Community Wide Real-Time Stroke Code Capture to Better Identify Changes in Health Care Utilization During Covid-19

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Kenner Brininger ◽  
Lindsay L Olson-Mack ◽  
Lorraine Chmielowski ◽  
Kristi L Koenig ◽  
Mary A Kalafut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
San Diego ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Stroke Center ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Many healthcare systems reported a decline in stroke admissions in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used real-time hospital admission data from Stroke Receiving Centers (SRCs) across San Diego County to quantify changes in stroke patients accessing healthcare with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rather than waiting for months-delayed discharge data, real-time stroke code data was used to understand the impact on healthcare utilization which may better inform mitigation strategies to encourage accessing care for acute stroke. Methods: We analyzed the total number of patients presenting to any of the 18 San Diego County SRCs for which a stroke code was activated between January 1, 2019 and July 31, 2020; and separated the times into: pre-pandemic (PP) as January 2019 thru February 2020, early-pandemic (EP) as March and April 2020, and mid-pandemic (MP) as May-July 2020. Patients arriving via emergency medical services or private transport were included. A public messaging campaign regarding the safety of accessing care for acute stroke started in early May 2020. Results: A total of 14,028 stroke codes were initiated between January 2019 and July 2020. An average of 43.2 stroke codes were activated per stroke center per month (range=39.6 to 46.7 activations per stroke center per month) during PP, 30.6 during EP and 37.7 during MP (p=.019). Overall, 30% fewer stroke code activations occurred during EP compared to the same months in the PP (p=.012). Mid-pandemic, there were 14.6% fewer stroke code activations compared to the same months pre-pandemic (p=.095). Conclusion: Stroke code activations decreased by 30% across San Diego County SRCs in the EP period compared to the previous year. It is unclear if this is primarily due to decreased healthcare utilization at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic or if there were changes in stroke incidence. MP showed stroke code activations increased compared to EP. This may be partially due to the public messaging campaign initiated after an analysis of PP to EP stroke code activations. We will continue to analyze stroke code data to better understand the impact of public messaging campaigns and determine when activations have returned to PP levels.

Impact of the San Diego County Firestorm on Emergency Medical Services

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Vilke ◽  
Alan M. Smith ◽  
Barbara M. Stepanski ◽  
Leslie Upledger Ray ◽  
Patricia A. Murrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

AbstractBackground:In October 2003, San Diego County, California, USA, experienced the worst firestormin recent history. During the firestorm, public health leaders implemented multiple initiatives to reduce its impact on community health using health updates and news briefings. This study assessed the impact of patients with fire-related complaints on the emergency medical services (EMS) system during and after the firestorm.Methods:A retrospective review of a prehospital database was performed for all patients who were evaluated by advanced life support (ALS) ambulance personnel after calling the 9-1-1 emergency phone system for direct, fire related complaints from 19 October 2003 through 30 November 2003 in San Diego County. The study location has an urban, suburban, rural, and remote resident population of approximately three million and covers 4,300 square miles (2,050 km2). The prehospital patient database was searched for all patients with a complaint that was related directly to the fires. Charts were abstracted for data, including demographics, medical issues, treatments, and disposition status.Results:During the firestorm, fire consumed >380,000 acres (>938,980 hectares), including 2,454 residences and 785 outbuildings, and resulted in a total of 16 fatalities. Advanced life support providers evaluated 138 patients for fire related complaints. The majority of calls were for acute respiratory complaints. Other complaints included burns, trauma associated with evacuation or firefighting, eye injuries, and dehydration. A total of 78% of the injuries were mild. Twenty percent of the victims were firefighters, most with respiratory complaints, eye injuries, or injuries related to trauma. A total of 76% of the patients were transported to the hospital, while 10% signed out against medical advice.Conclusion:Although the firestorm had the potential to significantly impact EMS, pre-emptive actions resulted in minimal impact to emergency departments and the prehospital system. However, during the event, therewere a number of lessons learned that can be used in future events.

The impact of a regionalized trauma system on trauma care in San Diego County

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Guss ◽  
F Thomas Meyer ◽  
Tom S Neuman ◽  
William G Baxt ◽  
James V Dunford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Care ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Trauma System ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
The Impact

The impact of retail beverage service training and social host laws on adolescents' DUI rates in San Diego County, California

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Michael Scherer ◽  
Eduardo Romano ◽  
Susan Caldwell ◽  
Eileen Taylor
Keyword(s):  
San Diego ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Service Training ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals New Yorkers’ Street Smarts and Survival Smarts During the Pandemic: Preppers, Community Resilience and Local Citizenship

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Bounds
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Core Belief ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Local Citizenship ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Yorkers ◽  
Extended Time Period

This qualitative study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the philosophy and practices of New York’s urban prepper subculture. My three research goals are to: 1) explore preppers’ approaches to protecting their families against the pandemic, and how their commitment to self-reliance may have changed; 2) describe the different experiences of surviving a pandemic in New York, a global capital that is sharply divided by class and race; and 3) analyze the possible benefits of community resilience rooted in a sense of strong social bonds. For urban preppers, the government’s failure to enact a clear response to the pandemic reaffirmed their core belief: the government was not coming to help them. But while they had a strong foundation for successfully sheltering in place, they did not anticipate the challenges of working from home, remote learning, and staying in one location for such an extended time period.

scholarly journals About accidents cyclicality and mathematical model of failure rate in main electrical grids of power systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01043
Author(s):  
Irek Galiaskarov ◽  
Misrikhan Misrihkanov ◽  
Vladimir Ryabchenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Extended Time Period ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The accidents cyclicality of 500 kVoverhead lines of a large region over an extended time period was studied. Significant fluctuations in the values of their failure rate (failure frequency) under the impact of natural and socio-economic factors are revealed. The wavelet spectrums of the failure frequency were constructed, which revealed several historical periods of accidences. It is proposed to consider the failure rate as the output signal of a dynamic system with many difficultly formalized inputs. The stability of this dynamic system is evaluated. The ways of formalizing a multidimensional dynamic model of accidence in main electrical grids of power systems are outlined.

scholarly journals Fitness Consequences of Nest Desertion in an Endangered Host, the Least Bell's Vireo

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Kus
Keyword(s):  
San Diego ◽  
Molothrus Ater ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Vireo Bellii ◽  
Cowbird Parasitism ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent analyses of the impact of cowbird parasitism on host productivity suggest that while parasitism reduces productivity on a per-nest basis, the ability of pairs to desert parasitized nests and renest allows them to achieve productivity comparable to that of unparasitized pairs. This has implications for the management of several endangered species that are highly vulnerable to parasitism and consequently the target of cowbird control programs. I calculated seasonal nesting effort (number of nests per pair) and productivity of 568 pairs of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) monitored over 11 years at the San Luis Rey River in San Diego County, California (where cowbird trapping has reduced, but not eliminated, parasitism), assigning pairs to one of three groups: (1) deserters, (2) rescued (parasitized pairs with nests “rescued” from probable failure by the removal of cowbird eggs), and (3) unparasitized. Parasitized pairs attempted significantly more nests per season than did unparasitized pairs, with deserters producing more nests than rescued pairs. However, productivity of deserting pairs was significantly lower than that of both rescued and unparasitized pairs, largely because subsequent nests of deserting pairs were also parasitized. Seasonal productivity of rescued and unparasitized pairs was comparable, indicating that in this species, reduction of cowbird impacts through nest manipulation to remove cowbird eggs is effective. Desertion by Least Bell's Vireos does not appear to be an adequate natural defense against parasitism, suggesting the need for continued cowbird control while vireo populations are re-established. Consecuencias de la Deserción de Nidos sobre la Adecuación Biológica en un Hospedero Amenazado, Vireo bellii pusillus Resumen. Análisis recientes del impacto del parasitismo de Molothrus ater sobre la productividad de los hospederos sugieren que mientras el parasitismo reduce la productividad por nido, la habilidad de las parejas parasitadas de abandonar los nidos parasitados y de reanidar les permite obtener una productividad comparable a la de parejas no parasitadas. Esto tiene consecuencias para el manejo de especies amenazadas muy vulnerables al parasitismo, que son el foco de muchos programas de control de M. ater. Calculé el esfuerzo de anidación por temporada (número de nidos por pareja) y productividad de 568 parejas de Vireo bellii pusillus monitoreadas durante 11 años en el río San Luis Rey, San Diego, California (donde la captura de M. ater ha reducido pero no eliminado el parasitismo). Las parejas fueron asignadas a tres grupos: (1) desertoras, (2) rescatadas (parejas parasitadas “rescatadas” mediante la remoción de huevos de M. ater) y (3) no parasitadas. Las parejas parasitadas intentaron un número significativamente mayor de nidos por temporada que las no parasitadas, y las desertoras produjeron más nidos que las rescatados. Sin embargo, la productividad de las parejas desertoras fue significativamente menor que la de las parejas rescatadas o las no parasitadas, principalmente debido a que en los siguientes intentos de las parejas desertoras los nidos también fueron parasitados. La productividad por temporada fue similar entre las parejas rescatadas y las no parasitadas, indicando que la extracción de huevos de M. ater es una práctica efectiva que reduce el impacto del parasitismo. La deserción por parte de V. b. pusillus no parece ser una defensa natural adecuada contra el parasitismo, sugeriendo que debe continuarse el control de M. ater mientras se reestablece la población de V. b. pusillus.

Delinquency Labeling

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic L. Faust
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Delinquent Youth ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
Relative Utility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corrective Intervention

The early identification and labeling of delinquent behavior has captured the interest of many who are concerned with preventing and controlling juvenile delinquency. A number of intervention activities have been designed and implemented on the basis of the assumed validity of predictive instruments and techniques. The position taken in this paper is that no accurate assessment of the impact of intervention activities can be made without awareness of the differences between potentially delin quent, predelinquent, and delinquent children—specifically, the underlying assumptions of these labels and the processes and related consequences of their use. The conclusion is reached that the "potential delinquent" label is virtually useless for practical application and that corrective intervention based on the assign ment of that label is totally unjustified. Consideration is also given to the relative utility of formal institutional systems, as opposed to informal systems, for the delivery of corrective intervention services to predelinquent and delinquent youth.

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