Ethnic Differences in Psycholinguistic Abilities

1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Sequential Memory ◽  
American Children

This article summarizes the results of several research studies on the psycholinguistic abilities, as measured by the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, of three ethnic groups, Blacks, Indians, and Mexican Americans. Black children appear to have superior ability (as compared to their other abilities and to other ethnic groups) in short term auditory sequential memory, while Indian and Mexican American children appear to have superior ability in short term visual sequential memory. The author hypothesizes that ethnic group differences may be accounted for by different child rearing practices among the ethnic groups.

Perceived cultural acceptability and comfort with affectionate touch: Differences between Mexican Americans and European Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary H. Burleson ◽  
Nicole A. Roberts ◽  
David W. Coon ◽  
José A. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Mexican Culture ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Physical Touch ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Ethnographic descriptions suggest that cultures differ in the extent to which they value physical touch and its acceptability in different kinds of social relationships. For example, compared to European American (EA) culture, Mexican culture is described as placing greater emphasis on warm interpersonal interactions, in which touch may play an important part. We tested this notion empirically by assessing attitudes about touch among 271 Mexican American (MA; 208 female) and 578 EA (434 female) college students. Specifically, we examined potential ethnic group differences in (1) participants’ perception of the acceptability of affectionate touch (AT) within their cultures, depending on the relationship (close others vs. acquaintances) and setting (private vs. public) in which the touch occurs; and (2) participants’ own personal comfort with AT. Among MAs, we examined associations between touch attitudes and acculturation. As predicted, MAs reported greater cultural acceptability of AT with acquaintances (but not close others) and in public (but not private) settings than did EAs. Participants’ own comfort with AT was greater for both MA men and EA women than for EA men. Further, higher perceived cultural acceptability of AT predicted greater personal comfort with AT in both ethnic groups. Finally, among MAs, greater acculturation predicted less comfort with AT. Together, these results lend support to the notion that MA ethnocultural norms encourage AT in nonintimate contexts to a greater degree than EA norms, particularly for men, and that personal attitudes about AT are largely congruent with these norms. They also call attention to cross-cultural similarities in attitudes about touch in more intimate contexts.

Race, Ethnicity, and the Scarr-Rowe Hypothesis: A Cautionary Example of Fringe Science Entering the Mainstream

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Giangrande ◽  
Eric Turkheimer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Mean Differences

In 2020, Pesta et al. published “Racial and ethnic group differences in the heritability of intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis” in Intelligence. The authors frame their analysis as an examination of the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis, which holds that the heritability of intelligence varies as a function of socioeconomic status. Pesta et al. (2020) conclude that the heritability of intelligence does not differ across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. They claim their results challenge the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis and support the hereditarian position that mean differences in IQ among racial and ethnic groups are attributable to genetic differences rather than environmental disparities. In this reply, we outline severe theoretical, methodological, and rhetorical flaws in every step of Pesta et al.’s meta-analysis. The most reliable finding Pesta et al. report is consistent with the Scarr-Rowe hypothesis and directly contradicts a hereditarian understanding of group differences in intelligence. Finally, we suggest that Pesta et al. (2020) serves as an example of how racially motivated and poorly executed work can find its way into a mainstream scientific journal, underscoring the importance of robust peer review and rigorous editorial judgement in the open science era.

The Roles of Parental Inductions, Moral Emotions, and Moral Cognitions in Prosocial Tendencies Among Mexican American and European American Early Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carlo ◽  
George P. Knight ◽  
Meredith McGinley ◽  
Rachel Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
European American ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Prosocial Tendencies

This study examined the relationships between parental inductions, sympathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and prosocial behaviors. A total of 207 early adolescents who self-identified as Mexican American (girls, n = 105; mean age = 10.91 years) and 108 who identified as European American (girls, n = 54; mean age = 11.07 years) completed measures of parental inductions, sympathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and six different types of prosocial behaviors. The findings showed that the correlates of prosocial behaviors were basically the same across the two ethnic groups, though there were some ethnic group differences in prosocial behaviors. Sympathy but not prosocial moral reasoning mediated the relationships between parental inductions and prosocial behaviors. Whereas sympathy was indirectly associated with all six types of prosocial behaviors, prosocial moral reasoning was associated with altruistic, anonymous, and public prosocial behaviors. As discussed in the article, findings further highlighted the ethnic group differences in prosocial behaviors and the distinct roles of sympathy and prosocial moral reasoning in prosocial development.

scholarly journals Cross-national Comparison Examining Breastfeeding and Child Malnutrition Among Mexicans (P11-106-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paola Campos ◽  
Summer Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Child Overweight ◽  
American Children

Abstract Objectives To examine the effects of breastfeeding duration and contextual factors at individual- and household-levels on child malnutrition, including overweight and stunting, in Mexican and Mexican-American children aged 3–35 months. Methods Secondary data analysis of 2,311 Mexican children from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey and 829 Mexican-American children from the 2007–2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, using independent and pooled logistic regression models to examine bivariate and multivariate associations. Results The prevalence of breastfeeding initiation and any breastfeeding for ≥ 3 months was higher in Mexican (94.2% and 83.5%) versus Mexican-American children (76.4% and 43.0%). Among the latter, those with foreign-born household reference person (HRP) were more likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding than US-born counterparts. The prevalence of child overweight did not differ in either population (9.0% in Mexicans versus 8.8% in Mexican-Americans), but among the latter, those with foreign-born HRP had higher prevalence for child overweight than US-born counterparts. The prevalence of child stunting was higher in Mexicans (11.6%) versus Mexican-Americans (2.0%) and no difference was found between children with foreign- or US-born HRP. We found no evidence for an association between any breastfeeding for ≥ 3 months and either measure of child malnutrition among Mexicans or Mexican-Americans when compared to those who were never breastfed. High- and low-birthweight were risk factors across the 2 populations for child overweight (AOR 2.72, 95% CI 1.81-4.08) and stunting (AOR 4.22, 95% CI 2.79-6.40), accordingly. We also identified additional country-specific risk and protective factors. Conclusions Culturally-sensitive interventions should focus on women prenatally using prophylactic strategies to prevent offspring high- and low-birthweight as these were risk factors for child malnutrition. These interventions should also include postnatal strategies to maintain and foster positive maternal health behaviors, including breastfeeding. Funding Sources No funding was received for this research. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Level I and Level II Abilities in Three Ethnic Groups

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Level I

A large battery of various tests of intelligence, scholastic achievement, and short-term memory was administered to some 2,000 white, Negro and Mexican-American pupils in grades, 4,5, and 6 in a largely agricultural school district in the central valley of California. The three grades were used as separate replications of the study. Factor analysis (i.e., principal components) with oblique rotation yielded three main factors, identified as fluid ( g f) and crystalized ( g c) intelligence (both are aspects of Level II ability in Jensen's theory) and a memory factor (a Level I ability). Mean factor scores for the three ethnic groups differed significantly and showed significant interactions with ethnicity largely in accord with expectations from Jensen's two-level theory of abilities. The white and Negro groups differed markedly in g c and g f but not in memory; the white and Mexican groups differed markedly in g c, and much less in g f and memory. The Negro and Mexican groups differed the most in g f but only slightly in g c. There were also systematic ethnic group differences in the pattern of intercorrelations among factor scores, and in the correlations of the factor scores with an index of socioeconomic status. The results are discussed in relation to Jensen's two-level theory of mental abilities and Cattell's theory of fluid and crystalized intelligence.

Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Growth in Mexican-Americans

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-871
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Martorell ◽  
Fernando S. Mendoza ◽  
Ricardo O. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Hispanic Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Reference Curves ◽  
American Children ◽  
Mexican American Adolescents

Height and weight data from the Mexican-American portion of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) are shown for children of ages 2 to 17 years and compared with data for non-Hispanic white children from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference curves. Differences in stature between the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the reference populations were minor prior to adolescence and could be entirely attributed to the greater poverty of Mexican-Americans. However, differences increased during adolescence (ie, median stature was less than the 25th percentile of the NCHS reference population at 17 years of age) and, in contrast with earlier ages, were independent of poverty. Similar growth patterns were observed in samples of upper-class subjects from Mexico and Guatemala. Nonetheless, the extent to which the short stature of Mexican-American adolescents is genetic is unclear because there is an apparent time trend toward greater stature in the Mexican-American population. In conclusion, the NCHS reference curves are appropriate growth standards for preadolescent Mexican-American children. Whether they are valid for Mexican-American adolescents remains unclear.

Sibling and family environment correlates of children's achievement: ethnic group differences

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Marjoribanks
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Children's Achievement ◽  
Different Levels

SummaryRegression surface analysis was used to examine relationships between sibling variables and measures of cognitive performance at different levels of family environment measures, for children from different Australian ethnic groups. Included in the sample were 460 Anglo-Australian, 170 Greek, and 120 Southern Italian families. Each family had an 11-year-old child and interviews with parents related to those children. There were no associations between the sibling variables and intellectual ability scores. For word-test scores the findings provided some tentative support for an admixture explanation of sibling correlates of children's cognitive performance. Generally, the study revealed that at different levels of family environment dimensions, sibling variables had few associations with various cognitive measures for children from different ethnic groups.

Locus of Control Orientations of Anglo-and Mexican-American Children

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1121-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Buriel
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Single Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
American Children

Previous studies comparing the locus of control of Anglo-and Mexican-Americans have usually not controlled for large socioeconomic differences between these groups. Such studies have also tended to rely on single-method approaches of measuring Anglo-Mexican-American differences on this variable. The present study compared Anglo- and Mexican-American children of similar socioeconomic backgrounds on two locus of control scales. Analyses of variance indicated no significant differences in the mean scores of the two groups of children. There was no significant correlation between the two locus of control scales for both groups of children.

Prevalence and Trends in Periodontitis in the USA: from the NHANES III to the NHANES, 1988 to 2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Borrell ◽  
B.A. Burt ◽  
G.W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Trends in periodontal diseases in the USA have been documented for years. However, the results have been mixed, mostly due to different periodontal assessment protocols. This study examined change in the prevalence of periodontitis between the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000, and differences in the prevalence of periodontitis among racial/ethnic groups in the USA. Analysis was limited to non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-American adults aged 18+ yrs in the NHANES III (n = 12,088) or the NHANES 1999–2000 (n = 3214). The prevalences of periodontitis for the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000 were 7.3% and 4.2%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, blacks were 1.88 times (95%CI: 1.42, 2.50) more likely to have periodontitis than whites surveyed in the NHANES III. However, the odds of periodontitis for blacks and Mexican-Americans did not differ from those for whites surveyed in the NHANES 1999–2000. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of periodontitis has decreased between the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000 for all racial/ethnic groups in the USA.

scholarly journals US Ethnic Group Differences in Family Member Support for People With Diabetes in the 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Peyrot ◽  
Leonard Egede ◽  
Martha Funnell ◽  
William Hsu ◽  
Laurie Ruggiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness

Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe the perceptions of family members (FM) and people with diabetes (PWD) regarding the frequency and helpfulness of FM support for PWD, including differences among US ethnic groups. Methods The US 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) substudy was a survey of independent samples of 238 adult FM and 540 adult PWD. Outcome measures included ratings by FM and PWD of the frequency and perceived helpfulness of 7 FM support behaviors and composite scores for frequency and helpfulness. Results Ratings of individual FM support behaviors were strongly correlated between FM and PWD but significantly different among behaviors. FM and PWD reported most frequent support for listening, assisting, and doing activities with PWD and reporting PWD was doing poorly least frequently. Both groups reported listening, assisting, and reporting PWD was doing well as most helpful; reporting PWD was doing poorly was least helpful. PWD rated support and helpfulness of most behaviors lower than FM. Composite measures of support frequency and helpfulness were strongly correlated for both FM and PWD. Ethnic minority PWD and FM reported most support behaviors as more frequent and more helpful than non-Hispanic white Americans. Conclusions FM more frequently engage in the support behaviors they view as most helpful, but PWD perceive support to be less frequent and less helpful than FM. FM support differs across ethnic groups, with ethnic minorities reporting higher support frequency and helpfulness. Diabetes care providers should consider ethnic group differences in FM support for PWD.

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