Beyond tobacco prevention: A qualitative study of a school-based life skills intervention for economically disadvantaged youth in Mumbai, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve M Nagler ◽  
Priya Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
School Based ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Programme Exposure

Objective: Low socioeconomic status young people in low- and middle-income countries use tobacco at higher rates than their wealthier peers. School-based tobacco use prevention interventions that employ a life skills approach are effective at preventing tobacco use. In India, the Salaam Bombay Foundation (SBF) has implemented a multiyear, multicomponent life skills education programme in Mumbai schools to prevent tobacco use. A quantitative evaluation found that SBF programme exposure was associated with not only reduced tobacco use but also improved life skills, self-esteem and self-efficacy. To illuminate how programme exposure engendered these effects, we compared the experiences and perceptions of eighth and ninth grade students (ages 13–15) between SBF and non-SBF schools. Methods: We divided Mumbai into four quadrants or regions and randomly selected one SBF and non-SBF school from each quadrant; 10 participants were then randomly selected from one class per school. A total of eight group discussions ( N = 80 participants) were conducted using mind-mapping with a focus on students’ daily life, future aspirations and non-academic school programming. Researchers analysed the data thematically. Results: Despite similar home lives, SBF students were profoundly more optimistic about their future than non-SBF students. SBF students attributed this increased optimism and agency to opportunities to actively advocate against tobacco, formal recognition in a published newsletter, a sense of belonging to a ‘Super Army’ and supportive mentorship provided by their Super Army and peer leaders. The SBF programme created a safe space in which to build resilience. Conclusion: These findings can guide development of programmes for vulnerable populations with broader goals than tobacco prevention.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use Status and Temptation to Try E-Cigarettes among a Sample of Appalachian Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6755
Author(s):  
Delvon T. Mattingly ◽  
Jayesh Rai ◽  
Osayande Agbonlahor ◽  
Kandi L. Walker ◽  
Joy L. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Middle Schoolers ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adjusted Association

E-cigarettes are commonly used tobacco products among youth populations, including Appalachian youth. However, knowledge of the extent to which tobacco use status relates to temptation to try e-cigarettes is limited. Data from the Youth Appalachian Tobacco Study (n = 1047) were used. Temptation to try e-cigarettes was derived from a 12-item situational inventory. Tobacco use status was defined as never, ever non-e-cigarette, and ever e-cigarette use. A factorial ANOVA was used to estimate the adjusted association between tobacco use status and the e-cigarette use temptation scale. Two-way interaction terms between tobacco use status and gender, and tobacco use status and race/ethnicity, were plotted to depict effect modification. Approximately 10% of youth were ever non-e-cigarette users and 24% were ever e-cigarette users. Never and ever non-e-cigarette user middle schoolers had higher temptation to try e-cigarettes than their high school counterparts. The same relationship was found among never and ever e-cigarette users living in households with tobacco users. The ANOVA results suggest a positive, monotonic relationship between tobacco use status and temptation to try e-cigarettes, and that the adjusted group means differ by gender and race/ethnicity. The findings can inform tobacco prevention interventions for youth at higher risk for e-cigarette use, especially youth who have not yet tried e-cigarettes.

scholarly journals Protocol for the evaluation of cost-effectiveness and health equity impact of a school-based tobacco prevention programme in a cluster randomised controlled trial (the TOPAS study)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045476
Author(s):  
Anni-Maria Pulkki-Brännström ◽  
Maria R Galanti ◽  
Maria Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
School Based ◽  
Registration Number

IntroductionDespite a long-term downward trend in smoking prevalence, tobacco remains the number one risk factor for death and disability in Sweden. Globally, tobacco use generates a substantial economic burden for health systems and is also a major driver of socioeconomic inequalities in health. This article describes the planned cost-effectiveness and health equity impact evaluation of a multicomponent school-based programme to prevent the onset of tobacco use in adolescents.Methods and analysisCost-effectiveness of the multicomponent Tobacco-Free Duo programme will be evaluated against the educational component of the same programme only. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) will be calculated in terms of the cost per case prevented using the trial primary outcome and within-trial payer costs. If the ICER is negative, an incremental net benefit ratio will be calculated. Robustness of the results will be assessed through one-way sensitivity analyses. The slope index of inequality will be computed to assess the potential impact of the Tobacco-free Duo programme on education-related inequalities in the onset of smoking and in adult smoking cessation, comparing the two trial arms.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Regional Ethics Review Board, Umeå (registration number 2017/255-31). The Public Health Agency of Sweden commissioned the study. The findings will be disseminated internationally within academia and to national and local policy-makers.Trial registration numberISRCTN52858080; Pre-results.

scholarly journals A Mediation Analysis of a Tobacco Prevention Program for Adolescents in India: How Did Project MYTRI Work?

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Harrell Stigler ◽  
Cheryl L. Perry ◽  
Derek Smolenski ◽  
Monika Arora ◽  
K. Srinath Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Ninth Graders ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
School Based ◽  
Multiple Component

This article presents the results of a mediation analysis of Project MYTRI (Mobilizing Youth for Tobacco Related Initiatives in India), a randomized, controlled trial of a multiple-component, school-based tobacco prevention program for sixth- to ninth-graders ( n = 14,085) in Delhi and Chennai, India. A mediation analysis identifies how an intervention achieves its effects. In MYTRI, changes in students’ (a) knowledge about the negative health effects of tobacco, (b) beliefs about its social consequences, (c) reasons to use tobacco, (d) reasons not to use tobacco, (e) advocacy skills self-efficacy, and (f) normative beliefs about tobacco use were significantly associated with reductions in students’ intentions to use tobacco and tobacco use behaviors. In contrast, changes in students’ perceptions of the prevalence of smoking and chewing tobacco were significantly related to increases in students’ intentions to use and use of tobacco. Implications for intervention design are considered.

scholarly journals Measuring progress in tobacco prevention and control: the role of surveillance

10.21149/8209 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Indu B Ahluwalia ◽  
René A Arrazola ◽  
Corinne Graffunder
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
If Current ◽  
And Control

Nearly six million people worldwide die from tobacco-attributable causes every year, making tobacco the leading cause of preventable disease and death. If current trends continue, tobacco use is expected to result in one billion deaths by the end of the century, most of these in low- and middle-income countries. Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use in most countries, and the majority of adult smokers try their first cigarette before the age of 18...

Role of Schools in Tobacco prevention-A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Dr. G Radha ◽  
Dr. Bobby Joseph ◽  
Dr. Jayakumar H L
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Health Programs

Abstract: Tobacco use causes serious health problems. Its use presents a crucial threat to the well-being of children. School health programs to prevent tobacco use could become one of the most effective strategies to reduce the burden of tobacco induced illness and make a substantial contribution to the health of the next generation. Preventing as many children as possible from starting tobacco use is feasible and worthwhile, both economically and in terms of improved health of the population. This review discusses the various school-based strategies in the field of tobacco-use prevention and cessation to help school personnel implement effective prevention programs.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a School-Based Tobacco Prevention Program for Middle School Students in Saudi Arabia: A Quasi-Experimental Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2095340
Author(s):  
Dania E Al Agili ◽  
Hamisu M Salihu
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
School Based ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a school-based tobacco program in preventing initiation of tobacco use among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental controlled design. Four intervention and four control schools were selected from the regional education registry. A baseline questionnaire was administered to all grade 7 students before implementing the tobacco prevention program, Dentists Fighting Nicotine Dependence (DFND). The intervention group (n =379) received the DFND program whereas the control group (n = 255) received the regular tobacco program administered by the Department of Education. The program was delivered by trained health educators over 5 weeks. Pre- and post-test surveys (immediate and 2-year post-intervention) were collected. Study outcomes were current tobacco use, tobacco knowledge, attitude towards not using tobacco, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) of tobacco use. Covariates included sex, parent education, academic performance, absenteeism, student allowance, and religiosity. Data were analyzed using a two-level hierarchical mixed models. Results: In the immediate post-test, 597 participants (intervention, n = 366; control, n = 231) were surveyed. There was no difference in tobacco use between intervention and control schools, however, the intervention group had significantly higher mean scores for knowledge (β = 1.27, SE = 0.27, P < .01) and attitude toward not using tobacco (β = 5.17, SE = 2.48, P < .05) after adjusting for covariates. At 2-year post-intervention, 463 participants (intervention, n = 289; control, n = 173) were surveyed. There were no differences in tobacco use, knowledge, attitude or PBC between intervention and control groups. Conclusions: Our program did not impact tobacco use. In the short-term, the program significantly improved knowledge and attitude towards not using tobacco. These effects decayed 2 years post-intervention without additional programming. Increasing the effectiveness of DFND may be achieved by expanding curriculum content and practice time throughout the school years and by targeting high-risk adolescents within the program.

scholarly journals Tobacco Prevention Interventions in Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Kanekar ◽  
Manoj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Interventions

Tobacco use is a major public health problem in our society. Tobacco addiction begins in adolescence and majority of smokers start using tobacco in the age group between 11-13 years. There are a number of tobacco prevention strategies targeted towards the youth such as school-based educational interventions, community-based interventions, advertising restrictions on tobacco use, youth access restrictions and public health education. The purpose of this article is to review smoking prevention educational interventions in adolescents conducted either in the school or community setting. In order to collect the materials for the study, a search of CINAHL, MEDLINE and ERIC databases was conducted for the time period 1985-2006. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight out of the 15 interventions were targeted towards students in grades 6-7 which makes sense as majority of the adolescents start using tobacco in the age group 11-13 years. Nine out of 15 interventions reviewed did not use any behavioral theory. The six articles that used theory used social learning theory, community organizing theory, transactional and systems theory of environmental change and some constructs from transtheoretical model. There is need to explicitly reify behavioral theories by tobacco prevention interventions. Characteristics of the length of the intervention, personnel conducting the intervention, types of activities included in the interventions, and process evaluation results are discussed in the article. Recommendations for developing future educational interventions for preventing tobacco use in adolescents are discussed.

Effectiveness of School-based Interventions for Preventing Tobacco Smoking Initiation Among Young People in Low-and-middle-income Countries: a Systematic Review Protocol.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Darlington Logo ◽  
Yeetey Enuameh ◽  
George Adjei ◽  
Arti Singh ◽  
Emmanuel Nakua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: In-school young people in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are more likely to initiate tobacco use, sustain its use, and are at a higher risk of tobacco related-harms compared to their counterparts in High-Income Countries. Synthesized evidence however on the effectiveness of school-based tobacco prevention interventions for preventing tobacco initiation among young people in LMICs are not documented. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions compared to non-intervention school programmes in preventing tobacco smoking initiation among young people in LMICs, including Ghana.Methods: The JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness will guide the conduct of this review. A comprehensive strategic search will be developed to retrieve both published and unpublished studies. Studies published in the English language from the year 2000 will be considered for the review. The processes of study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be in accordance with the JBI approach for reviews of effectiveness. The primary outcome for the review will be the non-initiation of tobacco smoking by the youth. Discussion: We anticipate providing synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of school-based smoking initiation prevention among young people in LMICs. The findings could also support policymakers in regulating and implementing smoke-free laws.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021246206

scholarly journals HIV Surveillance: Life Skills Education Programme among in-school Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubunmi Adeyemi ◽  
Olufunmilayo Fawole ◽  
Adedayo Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Life Skills ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
School Based ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Skills Education ◽  
Life Skills Education

Reduction in HIV transmission needs continuous, comprehensive and effective communication methods to motivate adolescents to reduce risk of HIV infection. Life skills education, an integral part of school-based AIDS programs, is a timely prevention effort. The main goal of the life skills approach is to enhance young people ability to take responsibility for making healthier choices, resisting negative pressures, and avoiding risk behaviors. A cross sectional study design was done. The number of students was 1467. This study showed that family life and HIV/AIDS education with some socio demographic factors contributed to the improvement of life skills education program.

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