scholarly journals Nautical Collision Avoidance

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Wickens ◽  
Adam Williams ◽  
Benjamin A. Clegg ◽  
C. A. P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Decision Error ◽  
Heading Control ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Relative Dynamics ◽  
Ship Control ◽  
Straight Trajectory

Objective Experimentally investigate maneuver decision preferences in navigating ships to avoid a collision. How is safety (collision avoidance) balanced against efficiency (deviation from path and delay) and rules of the road under conditions of both trajectory certainty and uncertainty. Background Human decision error is a prominent factor in nautical collisions, but the multiple factors of geometry of collisions and role of uncertainty have been little studied in empirical human factors literature. Approach Eighty-seven Mechanical Turk participants performed in a lower fidelity ship control simulation, depicting ownship and a cargo ship hazard on collision or near-collision trajectories of various conflict geometries, while controlling heading and speed with the sluggish relative dynamics. Experiment 1 involved the hazard on a straight trajectory. In Experiment 2, the hazard could turn on unpredictable trials. Participants were rewarded for efficiency and penalized for collisions or close passes. Results Participants made few collisions, but did so more often when on a collision path. They sometimes violated the instructed rules of the road by maneuvering in front of the hazard ship’s path. They preferred speed control to heading control. Performance degraded in conditions of uncertainty. Conclusion Data reveal an understanding of maneuver decisions and conditions that affect the balance between safety and efficiency. Application The simulation and data highlight the degrading role of uncertainty and provide a foundation upon which more complex questions can be asked, asked of more trained navigators, and decision support tools examined.

The Role of Crushes on the Road to Autonomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
MICHAEL S. JELLINEK
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Navigating the Road to Transplant in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Road Less Taken

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Adaani E. Frost ◽  
Harrison W. Farber
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Donor Organ ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lung Allocation Score ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Dramatic advances in therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the last 20 years have improved survival from a median of 2.5 years in the pretreatment era to 7.5 years currently. However, impressive as that may seem, it is important to note that a median survival of 7.5 years is equivalent to that of surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer, thus underscoring the importance of lung transplantation as a treatment option in patients with PAH. In this edition of Advances, Edelman has reviewed the pathway to transplantation for patients with PAH, detailing the recommendations for timing of referral, listing for lung transplantation, the role of the lung allocation score in allocating a donor organ, and the outcome of lung transplantation.

The Role of Geo-location Technologies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Current Effect ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

This chapter explores the role geo-location technologies may play on the road towards achieving jurisdictional interoperability. The relevant technologies involved are introduced briefly, their accuracy examined, and an overview is provided of their use, including the increasingly common use of so-called geo-blocking. Attention is then given to perceived and real concerns stemming from the use of geo-location technologies and how these technologies impact international law, territoriality, and sovereignty, as well as to the role these technologies may play in law reform. The point is made that the current ‘effect-focused’ rules in both private international law and public international law (as those disciplines are traditionally defined), are likely to continue to work as an incentive for the use of geo-location technologies.

scholarly journals The Limits of Language as the Limits of the World: Cormac McCarthy’s and David Markson’s Post-Apocalyptic Novels

Text Matters ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Ambroży
Keyword(s):  
Human Values ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World

The article examines the correlation between the world and the word in two novels which engage with a post-apocalyptic scenario: David Markson’s Wittgenstein’s Mistress (1988) and Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006). Shifting the focus from the very event of catastrophe to the notion of survival through memory and storytelling, both novels problematize the strained relationship between language and reality in an increasingly diminished and dehumanized world. My aim is to investigate the limits of language as well as its capacity to withstand the chaos, loss, trauma, and death that follow the apocalypse. The issues to be considered include the influence of external experience on forms of communication, the role of central metaphors (the archive and the museum in Markson’s novel; cinders and the road in McCarthy’s) and their relation to the form of both novels, as well as the word’s (in)capacity to preserve human values and hopes. Both novels will be discussed as deconstructionist projects in which language becomes a habitat at once impossible and life-preserving: in Wittgenstein’s Mistress it plays the role of both home and prison, whereas in The Road it functions as messianic discourse which simultaneously carries, propels and extinguishes the human hope for a transcendental reality beyond the post-apocalyptic emptiness and doubt.

scholarly journals The Road More Travelled: The Differential Effects of Spatial Experience in Young and Elderly Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Antonella Lopez ◽  
Alessandro Germani ◽  
Luigi Tinella ◽  
Alessandro Oronzo Caffò ◽  
Albert Postma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Road ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Coordinate Spatial Relations ◽  
Categorical Spatial Relations ◽  
The Relationship

Our spatial mental representations allow us to give refined descriptions of the environment in terms of the relative locations and distances between objects and landmarks. In this study, we investigated the effects of familiarity with the everyday environment, in terms of frequency of exploration and mode of transportation, on categorical and coordinate spatial relations, on young and elderly participants, controlling for socio-demographic factors. Participants were tested with a general anamnesis, a neuropsychological assessment, measures of explorations and the Landmark Positioning on a Map task. The results showed: (a) a modest difference in performance with categorical spatial relations; (b) a larger difference in coordinate spatial relations; (c) a significant moderating effect of age on the relationship between familiarity and spatial relations, with a stronger relation among the elderly than the young. Ceteris paribus, the role of direct experience with exploring their hometown on spatial mental representations appeared to be more important in the elderly than in the young. This advantage appears to make the elderly wiser and likely protects them from the detrimental effects of aging on spatial mental representations.

scholarly journals Event-Based Prospective Memory Deficit in Children with ADHD: Underlying Cognitive Factors and Association with Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5849
Author(s):  
Floriana Costanzo ◽  
Elisa Fucà ◽  
Deny Menghini ◽  
Antonella Rita Circelli ◽  
Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Event Based

Event-based prospective memory (PM) was investigated in children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a novel experimental procedure to evaluate the role of working memory (WM) load, attentional focus, and reward sensitivity. The study included 24 children with ADHD and 23 typically-developing controls. The experimental paradigm comprised one baseline condition (BC), only including an ongoing task, and four PM conditions, varying for targets: 1 Target (1T), 4 Targets (4T), Unfocal (UN), and Reward (RE). Children with ADHD were slower than controls on all PM tasks and less accurate on both ongoing and PM tasks on the 4T and UN conditions. Within the ADHD group, the accuracy in the RE condition did not differ from BC. A significant relationship between ADHD-related symptoms and reduced accuracy/higher speed in PM conditions (PM and ongoing trials), but not in BC, was detected. Our data provide insight on the adverse role of WM load and attentional focus and the positive influence of reward in the PM performance of children with ADHD. Moreover, the relation between PM and ADHD symptoms paves the road for PM as a promising neuropsychological marker for ADHD diagnosis and intervention.

scholarly journals Politics, industry, and tourism: The conceptual construction of the blue highway

2020 ◽  
pp. 002252662097950
Author(s):  
Fredrik Bertilsson
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Road ◽  
Conceptual Construction ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Post War

This article contributes to the research on the expansion of the Swedish post-war road network by illuminating the role of tourism in addition to political and industrial agendas. Specifically, it examines the “conceptual construction” of the Blue Highway, which currently stretches from the Atlantic Coast of Norway, traverses through Sweden and Finland, and enters into Russia. The focus is on Swedish governmental reports and national press between the 1950s and the 1970s. The article identifies three overlapping meanings attached to the Blue Highway: a political agenda of improving the relationships between the Nordic countries, industrial interests, and tourism. Political ambitions of Nordic community building were clearly pronounced at the onset of the project. Industrial actors depended on the road for the building of power plants and dams. The road became gradually more connected with the view of tourism as the motor of regional development.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small City ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.

scholarly journals Big Data Analytics in urology: the story so far and the road ahead

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628722199813
Author(s):  
B. M. Zeeshan Hameed ◽  
Aiswarya V. L. S. Dhavileswarapu ◽  
Nithesh Naik ◽  
Hadis Karimi ◽  
Padmaraj Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The Road ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Urological Disorders ◽  
Different Sources

Artificial intelligence (AI) has a proven record of application in the field of medicine and is used in various urological conditions such as oncology, urolithiasis, paediatric urology, urogynaecology, infertility and reconstruction. Data is the driving force of AI and the past decades have undoubtedly witnessed an upsurge in healthcare data. Urology is a specialty that has always been at the forefront of innovation and research and has rapidly embraced technologies to improve patient outcomes and experience. Advancements made in Big Data Analytics raised the expectations about the future of urology. This review aims to investigate the role of big data and its blend with AI for trends and use in urology. We explore the different sources of big data in urology and explicate their current and future applications. A positive trend has been exhibited by the advent and implementation of AI in urology with data available from several databases. The extensive use of big data for the diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders is still in its early stage and under validation. In future however, big data will no doubt play a major role in the management of urological conditions.

An Automatic Collision Avoidance System Based on LiDAR

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 952-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yang ◽  
An Qing You ◽  
Wen Wu Pan ◽  
Hai Long Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
3D Point Cloud ◽  
The Road ◽  
3D Engine ◽  
Collision Avoidance System

For vehicle-borne LiDAR, a mathematical model is built for the computation and reconstruction of laser point cloud with the scanning data, GPS data and IMU data. 3D point cloud of the road and the scenery on the both sides of the road is obtained. Then according to the trajectory of the vehicle, 3D roaming for the scenery on the both sides of the road is realized using OpenGL 3D engine technology. This technology provides a probably feasible way for anti-collision of vehicles and aircrafts when driven at night, in the heavy fog or flying between the mountains.

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