scholarly journals The Road More Travelled: The Differential Effects of Spatial Experience in Young and Elderly Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Antonella Lopez ◽  
Alessandro Germani ◽  
Luigi Tinella ◽  
Alessandro Oronzo Caffò ◽  
Albert Postma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Road ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Coordinate Spatial Relations ◽  
Categorical Spatial Relations ◽  
The Relationship

Our spatial mental representations allow us to give refined descriptions of the environment in terms of the relative locations and distances between objects and landmarks. In this study, we investigated the effects of familiarity with the everyday environment, in terms of frequency of exploration and mode of transportation, on categorical and coordinate spatial relations, on young and elderly participants, controlling for socio-demographic factors. Participants were tested with a general anamnesis, a neuropsychological assessment, measures of explorations and the Landmark Positioning on a Map task. The results showed: (a) a modest difference in performance with categorical spatial relations; (b) a larger difference in coordinate spatial relations; (c) a significant moderating effect of age on the relationship between familiarity and spatial relations, with a stronger relation among the elderly than the young. Ceteris paribus, the role of direct experience with exploring their hometown on spatial mental representations appeared to be more important in the elderly than in the young. This advantage appears to make the elderly wiser and likely protects them from the detrimental effects of aging on spatial mental representations.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small City ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.

scholarly journals Relationship between triglyceride glucose index and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly: a retrospective cohort study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039804
Author(s):  
Chen Huanan ◽  
Li Sangsang ◽  
Adwoa Nyantakyiwaa Amoah ◽  
Bo Yacong ◽  
Chen Xuejiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

ObjectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major causes of liver-related diseases but relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) and NAFLD in the elderly is not reported yet. In this study, we investigated the role of TyG index for predicting the incidence of NAFLD in the elderly.Design and settingThis is a prospective cohort study in Henan, China, from 2011 to 2018.Participants and methodsIn total, 46 693 elderly who participated in a routine physical examination programme from 2011 to 2018 were included in this study. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)×fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2), while NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis after excluding other causes based on the results of abdominal ultrasonography; Cox regression model was performed to explore the relationship between TyG index and NAFLD. Also, mediation effect was used to analyse the role of the TyG index in WHtR (waist-to-height ratio) and NAFLD.ResultsDuring the 149 041 person-years follow-up, a total of 5660 NAFLD events occurred (3.80/100 person-years). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, quartiles 4 of TyG index significantly increased the incidence of NAFLD compared with quartile 1, the HRs and 95% CI were 1.314 (1.234 to 1.457). In addition, TyG index played a partial mediating role in the relationship between WHtR and NAFLD and indirect effect was 1.009 (1.006 to 1.011).ConclusionHigher TyG index was associated with higher risk of NAFLD in the aged, and therefore, TyG index may be a novel predictor for incidence of NAFLD. Further, regular examination and evaluation of the TyG index might be useful for controlling the occurrence of NAFLD.

scholarly journals The role of perceived stress and cognitive function on the relationship between neuroticism and depression among the elderly: a structural equation model approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukda Banjongrewadee ◽  
Nahathai Wongpakaran ◽  
Tinakon Wongpakaran ◽  
Tanyong Pipanmekaporn ◽  
Yodying Punjasawadwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Model Approach

scholarly journals Lack of Evidence for Age Differences in Pain Beliefs

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Gagliese ◽  
Ronald Melzack
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Pain Beliefs ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To assess, in two studies, whether there are any age differences in beliefs about the role of psychological, organic and ageing factors in the experience of chronic pain.SUBJECTS: Healthy adults free from chronic pain ranging in age from 18 to 86 years (first study); adults with chronic pain due to arthritis, fibromyalgia or other rheumatological disorders ranging in age from 27 to 79 years (second study).MATERIALS: In both studies, subjects completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire which was modified to measure beliefs about the relationship between pain and ageing. In addition, subjects completed various self-assessments of health, pain intensity and depression. Those with chronic pain also completed the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale.RESULTS: There was no evidence of any age differences in beliefs about pain in either the pain-free or chronic pain samples. There was some evidence that elderly patients may report less pain, but there were no age differences found on measures of depression or self-efficacy.CONCLUSIONS: The elderly were no more likely than younger persons to associate pain with the normal ageing process than with organic factors such as tissue damage, nor were they more likely to deny the importance of psychological factors to the pain experience.

How career expectations influence advancement: evidence from women in the hospitality industry

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Mingfang Zhu ◽  
Yajun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Career Management ◽  
Career Expectations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine the role of women’s career expectations (CEs) in changes in their career advancement (CA) and to determine whether these changes were because of socio-demographic factors. Design/methodology/approach Multiple linear regression was used to measure the relationship between women’s CEs and CA, as well as the influences that socio-demographic factors (e.g. education) have on that relationship. Findings Results indicated that CEs had two dimensions (i.e. career rewards and career development) and that career reward expectations had a significantly higher effect on CA than career development expectations. Furthermore, women were very likely to set higher CEs and stronger desires for CA as they became older. Results also showed that education, working years and position level were significantly related to women’s CA. Practical implications This study provides new insight into which aspects of women’s CA can be boosted by CEs and how these aspects may be affected by socio-demographic factors. This study can help hotels design better career management strategies to achieve the desired results. The study also provides guidance for women’s career management activities. Originality/value This study considers women’s CEs in hotels. The results revealed two dimensions (i.e. career rewards and career development) of CEs and uncovered the influences of socio-demographic factors on women’s CA, for example, age, education, working years and position level.

The road already traveled

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessi Elana Aaron
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Internal Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Relationship

Usage-based models of language have proposed a dynamic, organized system based on analogy, or the recognition of similarity. The potential role of analogy between similar forms or constructions, however, is not often discussed. If we aim to illustrate grammaticalization and other diachronic processes not through one construction at a time — but by quantitatively assessing the relationship between constructions — we may better address the role of analogy as a mechanism of change. This quantitative, diachronic, corpus-based examination of language-internal constructional analogy is based on four forms in Spanish: altamente ‘highly’, enormemente ‘enormously’, extraordinariamente ‘extraordinarily’, and extremadamente ‘extremely’. These forms all occur in at least two basic constructions, in which they function as modifiers of verbs and as modifiers of modifiers. Analogical “transference” of paths of change between forms is proposed as a cross-linguistic language-internal process. Not only do forms compete with each other, but they also may borrow the path another has taken.

scholarly journals MUSIC MANAGEMENT- NEW OPPORTUNITIES NEW CHALLENGES

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anjana Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Music Industry ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
New Music ◽  
Music Business ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So ◽  
Financial Aspect

The transition to digital is changing the music industry. As technology has advanced over recent years, the music industry has consequently undergone a drastic change in the way it operates. This industry-wide shift has its pros and its cons: On one hand, the internet serves as an incredible platform on which anyone can exhibit their talent and potentially build a fan base. On the other hand, the presence of millions of people attempting to do so make it more and more difficult for any one person to stand out, and the reality of file sharing and illegal downloading makes the financial aspect of music much more complex. Regardless of one`s opinion about the road that the music industry has traveled down, a music manager must be flexible enough to keep up with the changes that the industry undergoes. The meaning and role of a “manager” has changed drastically over the last decade as the traditional business model has given way to the “new” music business Traditionally a manager managed an artist’s efforts to get signed to a label and once signed, he/she managed the relationship between the artist and the label. But given the state of labels today the unsigned artist must assume that he/she will never be signed and build a career accordingly. A traditional manager is often unable and ill – equipped to successfully manage and develop an artist’s career in the new environment.

scholarly journals SYRIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD THE PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SYRIAN DIALECT AND CULTURE IN JERASH, JORDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Engku Suhaimi Engku Atek ◽  
Zulazhan Ab. Halim ◽  
Hisham Hussain Al Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Cultural Maintenance ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Contingency Approach

The study of dialectical variation and cultural maintenance may help in protecting and promoting norms and values in a given community. The inconsistent background of Syrian from Jordanian culture enables a contingency approach for the influence of dialectical variances in cultural activities. The paper aims at examining the role of dialectical variation towards strengthening the relationship between Syrian-Jordanian communities in Jerash city. The paper examines the elements that determine dialect choice in the vicinity. The study investigates dialect and cultural maintenance among Syrian-Jordanian to allow comparison of the potential influences of several parameters on their use on different dialects. The study used the data collected from various participants through interviews and questionnaires to arrive at the findings of the study. Both local and foreign dialects receive significant recognition and functions such as social domains, social activities, social gatherings, religious practices, cultural heritage, to mention a few, in the city. The findings show that dialect maintenance is strictly secure by Syrians in all aspects, except in exceptional cases like feasts, condolences, weddings, buying and selling where they opt for local dialect other than Syrian dialect. It has been observed that socio-demographic factors impact the flow of Syrian dialect and cultural maintenance in Jerash city. The findings discovered that gender contributed to dialect choice and shifting. What appears to be achieved and documented through the current study is that Syrian males are mostly lean to the usage of Jordanian dialect than the Syrian females because the latter hardly utilize Jordanian dialect even while the necessity arose to a large extent. The regular shift of dialect from Syrian to Jordanian or vice versa which equally constitutes the factors responsible for dialect shift is heavily supported by friendship, marriage, religion, relatives, migrations, and good rapport between Syrians and Jordanians.

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