Methodological Considerations of Visual Workloads of Helicopter Pilots

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Corneal Reflection ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Helicopter Pilots ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The U.S

This report was initiated to review the techniques and modifications developed by the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory for assessing visual performance/workload of pilots during helicopter operations. Although the corneal reflection technique for gathering eye movement data is not new, innovative modifications had to be developed to permit accurate data collection in this flight environment. This study reports on these techniques, modifications, and applications.

scholarly journals Qualitative Research With HIV+ Older Adults Living in Rural Areas: Methodological Considerations During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 587-588
Author(s):  
Erin Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Older adults living with HIV/AIDS (OALWHA) in rural areas of the U.S. are a highly marginalized community. Intersectional stigma related to age, HIV status, geography, sexual orientation, gender identity, and race oftentimes create a complex lived experience for this population group. While there is a significant need for qualitative research that highlights the intersecting stigmas experienced by OALWHA in rural areas, recruitment challenges exist. Fear of being outed in their rural communities, due to their HIV status and LGBTQ+ identities, makes many OALWHA reluctant to participate in research. However, there is much resiliency in the population as well, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, as research approaches have pivoted to phone/virtual data collection during the pandemic, this can help promote anonymity among this population group. This presentation will detail methodological considerations for recruitment, data collection, and analysis for qualitative research with OALWHA in rural areas of the U.S.

Driver’s Visual Performance in Rear-End Collision Avoidance Process under the Influence of Cell Phone Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (37) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Li ◽  
Andry Rakotonirainy ◽  
Xuedong Yan ◽  
Yuting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
Movement Data

Rear-end crash is the most common type of on-road traffic crash, and cell phone use contributes to the increase of rear-end crashes. The effects of cell phone use on driving performance have been thoroughly investigated in previous research with various measurements. However, change in driver’s visual performance while using a cell phone in situations with high rear-end risk has not yet been fully understood. This driving simulator study investigated drivers’ eye movement performance in a rear-end collision avoidance maneuver during cell phone conversation. Eye movement data of 36 participants were collected in a car-following scenario featuring imminent rear-end collision. The whole collision avoidance process was divided into four stages for eye movement data analysis, including normal driving stage, brake response stage, deceleration adjusting stage, and speed recovering stage. Results showed that the average pupil size, fixation duration, and dwell time on the leading vehicle increased significantly during the brake response and deceleration adjusting stages. This indicated that the drivers’ cognitive workload increased during these stages. Drivers used blink inhibition and quick saccade as a visual compensation strategy to mitigate the increased workload from cell phone use during the brake response stage. However, in the deceleration adjusting stage, the cell phone use condition led to a lower fixation frequency on the leading vehicle than in the no phone use condition. Professional drivers were found to pay more visual attention to the leading vehicle than non-professional drivers in the normal driving stage.

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

Do Successor Effects in Reading Reflect Parafoveal Processing? Evidence From Corpus-Based and Experimental Eye Movement Data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Angele ◽  
Elizabeth R. Schotter ◽  
Timothy Slattery ◽  
Tara L. Chaloukian ◽  
Klinton Bicknell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Parafoveal Processing ◽  
Movement Data

Challenges in Interpretability of Neural Networks for Eye Movement Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayush Kumar ◽  
Prantik Howlader ◽  
Rafael Garcia ◽  
Daniel Weiskopf ◽  
Klaus Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Data

scholarly journals Conducting focus groups in neurodegenerative disease populations: ethical and methodological considerations

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041869
Author(s):  
Annabel Jones ◽  
Philippa Morgan-Jones ◽  
Monica Busse ◽  
Victoria Shepherd ◽  
Fiona Wood
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Impact Data ◽  
Based Medicine

BackgroundInvolvement of vulnerable populations in research is critical to inform the generalisability of evidence-based medicine to all groups of the population.ObjectiveIn this communication, we reflect on our previous research, and that of other authors, to identify and explore key ethical and methodological considerations.DiscussionFocus groups are a widely implemented qualitative methodology, but their use, particularly in vulnerable neurodegenerative disease populations, is not straightforward. Although the risk of harm is generally low in focus group research, neurodegenerative disease populations are particularly vulnerable to issues relating to comprehension and their capacity to consent. Physical and cognitive impairments may also affect social interactions among participants and therefore impact data collection and analyses.ConclusionWe offer a number of ethical and methodological recommendations to facilitate the processes of recruitment and data collection when conducting focus groups with neurodegenerative disease populations.

scholarly journals Saliency-Based Gaze Visualization for Eye Movement Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5178
Author(s):  
Sangbong Yoo ◽  
Seongmin Jeong ◽  
Seokyeon Kim ◽  
Yun Jang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Visual Clues ◽  
Human Visual Attention

Gaze movement and visual stimuli have been utilized to analyze human visual attention intuitively. Gaze behavior studies mainly show statistical analyses of eye movements and human visual attention. During these analyses, eye movement data and the saliency map are presented to the analysts as separate views or merged views. However, the analysts become frustrated when they need to memorize all of the separate views or when the eye movements obscure the saliency map in the merged views. Therefore, it is not easy to analyze how visual stimuli affect gaze movements since existing techniques focus excessively on the eye movement data. In this paper, we propose a novel visualization technique for analyzing gaze behavior using saliency features as visual clues to express the visual attention of an observer. The visual clues that represent visual attention are analyzed to reveal which saliency features are prominent for the visual stimulus analysis. We visualize the gaze data with the saliency features to interpret the visual attention. We analyze the gaze behavior with the proposed visualization to evaluate that our approach to embedding saliency features within the visualization supports us to understand the visual attention of an observer.

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