scholarly journals Messianism, rationalism and inter-Asian connections: The Majalis-i Jahangiri (1608–11) and the socio-intellectual history of the Mughal ‘ulama

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Lefèvre
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
State Building ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Shed Light

Relying on the Majalis-i Jahangiri (1608–11) by ʿAbd al-Sattar b. Qasim Lahauri, this essay explores some of the discussions the Mughal Emperor Jahangir (r. 1605–27) conducted with a wide range of scholars, from Brahmans and ʿulama to Jesuit padres and Jewish savants. By far the most numerous, the debates bearing on Islam and involving Muslim intellectuals are especially significant on several accounts. First, because they illuminate how, following in the steps of his father Akbar (r. 1556–605), Jahangir was able to conciliate his messianic claims with a strong engagement with reason and to turn this combination into a formidable instrument for confession and state building. These conversations also provide promising avenues to think afresh the socio-intellectual history of the Mughal ʿulama inasmuch as they capture the challenges and adjustments attendant on imperial patronage, depict the jockeying for influence and positions among intellectuals (particularly between Indo-Muslim and Iranian lettrés), and shed light on relatively little known figures or on unexplored facets of more prominent individuals. In addition, the specific role played by scholars hailing from Iran—and, to a lesser extent, from Central Asia—in the juridical-religious disputes of the Indian court shows how crucial inter-Asian connections and networks were in the fashioning of Mughal ideology but also the ways in which the ongoing flow of émigré ʿulama was disciplined before being incorporated into the empire.

scholarly journals EXPRESSION OF THE HISTORY OF THE PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA IN PHOTOS

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (05) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Jakhongir Gopurjonovich Inoyatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Comprehensive Coverage

In this article, the author aims to shed light on the evolution of scientific approaches in this field by studying the history of world photography. As well as the art of photography of the peoples of Central Asia and its importance in modern photography today. The main point of the article is to provide a comprehensive coverage of the formation of modern technologies by analyzing the scientific research in history through an in-depth study of the history of photography.

The Iraqi spectres of Marx

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhsin J. Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Emancipation ◽  
Narrative Poem ◽  
Intelligence Service ◽  
Shed Light

This reading attempts to trace the awareness and mention of Marx in Iraqi writing, focusing on some signposts that also shed light on the intellectual history of Iraq since 1914. It argues its case through an exploration of texts and recollections to present another side of this history as a controversial narrative of multiple positions and contentions. If the spectre of Marx shocked conservatives and was widely manipulated in Cold War politics, its theoretical permeation of an Iraqi discourse of social justice cannot be ignored. Almost every Iraqi narrative, poem, or essay speaks of the need for equitable balance of power, social justice, and social and political emancipation. To have these concerns materialize, there has been a need for some organized forum, a party, society, or a forum. British intelligence service began to trace the specters of Marx early on, and held all, even nationalists, suspect. The trepidations of the Empire were well conveyed in the reports of its agents in Iraq.

Reformation, Resistance, and Reason of State (1517-1625)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Reason Of State ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas

The period 1517–1625 was crucial for the development of political thought. During this time of expanding empires, religious upheaval, and social change, new ideas about the organization and purpose of human communities began to be debated. In particular, there was a concern to understand the political or civil community as bounded, limited in geographical terms and with its own particular structures, characteristics, and history. There was also a growing focus, in the wake of the Reformation, on civil or political authority as distinct from the church or religious authority. To explain these new ideas about political power, the concept of sovereignty began to be used, alongside a new language of reason of state. Yet political theories based upon religion still maintained significant traction, particularly claims for the divine right of kings. In the midst of these developments, the language of natural law became increasingly important as a means of legitimizing political power; natural law provided a rationale for earthly authority that was separate from Christianity and its use enabled new arguments for religious toleration. This book offers a new reading of early modern political thought, drawing on a wide range of sources from Europe and beyond. It makes connections between Christian Europe and the Muslim societies that lay to its south and east, showing the extent to which concerns about the legitimacy of political power were shared. It demonstrates that the history of political thought can both benefit from, and remain distinctive within, the wider field of intellectual history.

The Uyghurs: Making a Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brophy
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First World

The Uyghurs comprise a Turkic-speaking and predominantly Muslim nationality of China, with communities living in the independent republics of Central Asia that date to the 19th century, and now a global diaspora. As in the case of many national histories, the consolidation of a Uyghur nation was an early 20th-century innovation, which appropriated and revived the legacy of an earlier Uyghur people in Central Asia. This imagined past was grounded in the history of a Uyghur nomadic state and its successor principalities in Gansu and the Hami-Turfan region (known to Islamic geographers as “Uyghuristan”). From the late 19th century onward, the scholarly rediscovery of a Uyghur past in Central Asia presented an attractive civilizational narrative to Muslim intellectuals across Eurasia who were interested in forms of “Turkist” racial thinking. During the First World War, Muslim émigrés from Xinjiang (Chinese Turkistan) living in Russian territory laid claim to the Uyghur legacy as part of their communal genealogy. This group of budding “Uyghurists” then took advantage of conditions created by the Russian Revolution, particularly in the 1920s, to effect a radical redefinition of the community. In the wake of 1917, Uyghurist discourse was first mobilized as a cultural rallying point for all Muslims with links to China; it was then refracted through the lens of Soviet nationalities policy and made to conform with the Stalinist template of the nation. From Soviet territory, the newly refined idea of a Uyghur nation was exported to Xinjiang through official and unofficial conduits, and in the 1930s the Uyghur identity of Xinjiang’s Muslim majority was given state recognition. Since then, Uyghur nationhood has been a pillar of Beijing’s minzu system but has also provided grounds for opposition to Beijing’s policies, which many Uyghurs feel have failed to realize the rights that should accord to them as an Uyghur nation.

American Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Clash Of Civilisations

This book brings together international relations scholars, political theorists, and historians to reflect on the intellectual history of American foreign policy since the late nineteenth century. It offers a nuanced and multifaceted collection of essays covering a wide range of concerns, concepts, presidential doctrines, and rationalities of government thought to have marked America’s engagement with the world during this period: nation-building, exceptionalism, isolationism, modernisation, race, utopia, technology, war, values, the ‘clash of civilisations’ and many more.

From Multinational to Transnational Banking

2016 ◽  
pp. 162-190
Author(s):  
Christopher Kobrak
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter traces the history of cross-border joint-stock banking over roughly the last 100 years. Putting that history into its larger political, social, economic contexts may help shed light on our financial architecture’s social and economic significance, and even its sustainability. Despite recent interest in multinationals and banking, less is known about the cross-border management of financial firms than about that of other sectors. This chapter argues that during this period cross-border banking morphed from an activity conducted primarily by legally separate entities and on a comparatively small scale to one that is dominated today by megabanks that internalize a wide range of banking services in many countries and in most money-centres. It is a complex story, involving regulatory, technological, and political change in specific nations and among them.

Maimonides and Eretz Yisrael: Halakhic, Philosophic, and Historical Perspectives

1991 ◽  
pp. 257-290
Author(s):  
Isadore Twersky
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religious Establishment ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter describes Maimonides’ attitude and attachment to Eretz Yisrael. The difficulty of a discussion concerning Maimonides and Eretz Yisrael is threefold: the complexity of the man and the problematic nature of his teaching; the delicacy of the subject and the importance of its implications; and the scarcity or fragmentation of sources. The chapter then suggests an indirect approach to the subject, via consideration of a number of central topics in Maimonides’ thought, topics which are, in any case, central to Jewish thought in general, and specifically to see what place Eretz Yisrael holds and what its function is in the formation of Maimonides’ attitudes. A wide range of topics that are worthy of consideration and will shed light on the subject may be noted. These topics include the history of religion — the principle focus being the spread of monotheism — and the history of the halakhah, particularly the appearance of controversy in the Oral Law and the growth of custom, as well as the compilation of the Mishnah and the Talmud despite the prohibition against writing down the Oral Law. Other topics are the history of philosophy, prophecy, prayer, the Hebrew language, and the religious establishment. In all of these, the influence of the territorial dimension, or the lack thereof, and its replacement by another historical dimension, needs to be investigated.

Melitta Schmideberg: Her Life and Work Encompassing Migration, Psychoanalysis, and War in Britain

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-348
Author(s):  
Michal Shapira
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Melanie Klein ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Prolific Author ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Jewish Refugee ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Intellectual History ◽  
European Jewish

The article deals with the forgotten work of Melitta Schmideberg (1904–83), who was a significant, pioneering female psychoanalyst in the intellectual culture of 1930s and 1940s Britain. If scholars know anything about Schmideberg, it is that she was the troubled daughter of eminent psychoanalyst Melanie Klein. Contributing to the still limited scholarship on this intense period in the development of psychoanalysis in Britain, the article reveals that Schmideberg was a very active early psychologist, an avid public speaker, a founding member of important institutes for the study of crime, and a prolific author on a very wide range of issues that bothered her and others and that were tied to the troubled history of the twentieth century. A Central European Jewish refugee in Britain, she was among the first to psychoanalyse children and criminals. As the focus on women in the scholarship of twentieth-century European intellectual history is hardly sufficient, this article recovers her forgotten work whose significance warrants reclamation from obscurity. It provides the first exploration of her life showing that the issues her experiences raise are central to the history of the time.

Review Essays

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Jackie Armijo
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Major Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Shed Light

Books Reviewed: Sachiko Murata, Chinese Gleams of Sufi Light: Wang Taiyu’s“Great Learning of the Pure and Real” and Liu Chih’s “Displaying theConcealment of the Real Realm.”Albany: SUNY Press, 2000; Maria Jaschokand Shui Jingjun, The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam: AMosque of Their Own. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 2000; Jean A. Berlie,Islam in China: Hui and Uyghurs between Modernization and Sinicization.Bangkok: White Lotus, 2004; Sheila Hollihan-Elliot, Muslims in China.Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2006.With a population conservatively estimated at 20 million (and, according tosome sources, as high as 50 million), the Muslims of China remain one ofthe least studied and most misunderstood Muslim communities in theworld. After decades of relative neglect, however, over the past few yearsseveral books have been published that seek to shed light on differentaspects of the historic, religious, and contemporary lives of China’s Muslims.This review essay will survey four recent works written by a wide range ofscholars.Research on Islam in China has been hindered by many factors, includingthe difficulty of gaining expertise in both Chinese studies and Islamicstudies, learning both modern and classical Chinese and Arabic, the longstandingprejudices of Han Chinese scholars regarding the country’s minoritypeoples, together with the similarly long-standing prejudices of manywestern scholars regarding Islam. The earliest major work on the Muslimcommunities of China was published in 1910, by Marshall Broomhall of theChina Inland Mission. Titled Islam in China: A Neglected Problem, its mainpurpose was to educate Christian missionaries in China about the location,customs, and history of the indigenous Muslims in order to facilitate proselytizationactivities among them ...

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