Review Essays

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Jackie Armijo
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Major Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Shed Light

Books Reviewed: Sachiko Murata, Chinese Gleams of Sufi Light: Wang Taiyu’s“Great Learning of the Pure and Real” and Liu Chih’s “Displaying theConcealment of the Real Realm.”Albany: SUNY Press, 2000; Maria Jaschokand Shui Jingjun, The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam: AMosque of Their Own. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 2000; Jean A. Berlie,Islam in China: Hui and Uyghurs between Modernization and Sinicization.Bangkok: White Lotus, 2004; Sheila Hollihan-Elliot, Muslims in China.Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2006.With a population conservatively estimated at 20 million (and, according tosome sources, as high as 50 million), the Muslims of China remain one ofthe least studied and most misunderstood Muslim communities in theworld. After decades of relative neglect, however, over the past few yearsseveral books have been published that seek to shed light on differentaspects of the historic, religious, and contemporary lives of China’s Muslims.This review essay will survey four recent works written by a wide range ofscholars.Research on Islam in China has been hindered by many factors, includingthe difficulty of gaining expertise in both Chinese studies and Islamicstudies, learning both modern and classical Chinese and Arabic, the longstandingprejudices of Han Chinese scholars regarding the country’s minoritypeoples, together with the similarly long-standing prejudices of manywestern scholars regarding Islam. The earliest major work on the Muslimcommunities of China was published in 1910, by Marshall Broomhall of theChina Inland Mission. Titled Islam in China: A Neglected Problem, its mainpurpose was to educate Christian missionaries in China about the location,customs, and history of the indigenous Muslims in order to facilitate proselytizationactivities among them ...

Elizabethan Catholicism: a Reconsideration

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Major Work ◽  
New Creation ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
The Past ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
History Of

It is more than twenty-one years since Professor John Bossy wrote his stimulating and controversial article on ‘The character of Elizabethan Catholicism’. His article made familiar to a wide range of students the concepts of ‘seigneurial Catholicism’ and ‘survivalism’. It concluded, tendentiously, that ‘the history of Elizabethan Catholicism is a progress from inertia to inertia in three generations’. Professor Bossy subsequently developed his ideas about the new kind of Counter-Reformation Catholicism which was affecting other countries outside England, and then in 1975 he produced a major work on The English Catholic Community 1570–1850. In this he advanced the view that the English Catholic Community really began in the 1570s. What happened between the 1530s and the 1570s was merely ‘the posthumous history, if you will, of “medieval” or “pre-Reformation” Christendom in England’. He agreed that the English Catholic community launched about 1570 had some continuity with the past, but he argued that it was ‘in most respects a new creation’. Before then, there existed a hangover from the past labelled ‘the Old Religion’, but this was ‘less concerned with doctrinal affirmation or dramas of conscience than with a set of ingrained observances which denned and gave meaning to the cycle of the week and the seasons of the year’. This, according to Professor Bossy, had been aptly termed survivalism. He argued that: ‘As a complex of social practices rather than a religion of internal conviction, it offered no barrier to the degree of attendance at the parish church required to preserve the integrity of the household.’

Roshdi Rashed

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 279-295
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aref
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Great Book ◽  
Mathematical Language ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Elementary Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

This review essay introduces the work of the Egyptian scientific historian and philosopher Roshdi Rashed, a pioneer in the field of the history of Arab sciences. The article is based on the five volumes he originally wrote in French and later translated into Arabic, which were published by the Centre for Arab Unity Studies and which are now widely acclaimed as a unique effort to unveil the achievements of Arab scientists. The essay reviews this major work, which seems, like Plato’s Republic to have “No Entry for Those Who Have No Knowledge of Mathematics” written on its gate. If you force your way in, even with elementary knowledge of computation, a philosophy will unfold before your eyes, described by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei as “written in that great book which ever lies before our eyes—I mean the universe—but we cannot understand it if we do not first learn the language and grasp the symbols, in which it is written. This book is written in the mathematical language, and the symbols are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without whose help it is impossible to comprehend a single word of it; without which one wanders in vain through a dark labyrinth.” The essay is a journey through this labyrinth where the history of world mathematics got lost and was chronicled by Rashed in five volumes translated from the French into Arabic. It took him fifteen years to complete.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODICALS IN NAMANGAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Dildora Alinazarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Printing House

In this article, based on an analysis of a wide range of sources, discusses the emergence and development of periodicals and printing house in Namangan. The activities of Ibrat- as the founder of the first printing house in Namangan are considered. In addition, it describes the functioning and development of "Matbaai Ishokia" in the past and present

scholarly journals Messianism, rationalism and inter-Asian connections: The Majalis-i Jahangiri (1608–11) and the socio-intellectual history of the Mughal ‘ulama

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Lefèvre
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
State Building ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Shed Light

Relying on the Majalis-i Jahangiri (1608–11) by ʿAbd al-Sattar b. Qasim Lahauri, this essay explores some of the discussions the Mughal Emperor Jahangir (r. 1605–27) conducted with a wide range of scholars, from Brahmans and ʿulama to Jesuit padres and Jewish savants. By far the most numerous, the debates bearing on Islam and involving Muslim intellectuals are especially significant on several accounts. First, because they illuminate how, following in the steps of his father Akbar (r. 1556–605), Jahangir was able to conciliate his messianic claims with a strong engagement with reason and to turn this combination into a formidable instrument for confession and state building. These conversations also provide promising avenues to think afresh the socio-intellectual history of the Mughal ʿulama inasmuch as they capture the challenges and adjustments attendant on imperial patronage, depict the jockeying for influence and positions among intellectuals (particularly between Indo-Muslim and Iranian lettrés), and shed light on relatively little known figures or on unexplored facets of more prominent individuals. In addition, the specific role played by scholars hailing from Iran—and, to a lesser extent, from Central Asia—in the juridical-religious disputes of the Indian court shows how crucial inter-Asian connections and networks were in the fashioning of Mughal ideology but also the ways in which the ongoing flow of émigré ʿulama was disciplined before being incorporated into the empire.

New and modern history of the Arab world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouben Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Modern History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Oriental Studies

The textbook covers the main events and developments in the recent history of the Arab world. The key issues of the past and present of the major Arab countries are examined. The general patterns, main stages and peculiarities of the historical development of these countries are presented. The work is designed for students of the faculties of “Oriental Studies”, “History” and “International Relations”, as well as wide range of readers interested in the history of the Arab world.

Religion and Culture in Uganda

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
David A. Hoekema
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Communities

In the past two centuries, relations among Protestant, Catholic, and Muslim communities in Uganda have been marked by competition and mistrust more than cooperation. The interfaith initiative of northern religious leadersv is a noteworthy exception. In this chapter the history of these communities is briefly reviewed, setting the background for the group’s formation. An important historical event that helped bring Catholics and Protestants together was the execution of 45 Christian pages to the Buganda king in 1886. Mention is also made of the far more prominent role that religion plays in public life in East Africa than in Europe and North America, and of the persistence of traditional beliefs and practices.

Free Will

Philosophy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Timpe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Free will is a perennial issue in philosophy, both in terms of the history of philosophy and in contemporary discussions. Aspects of free will relate to a wide range of philosophical issues, but especially to metaphysics and ethics. For roughly the past three decades, the literatures on free will and moral responsibility have overlapped to such a degree that it is impossible to separate them. This entry focuses on contemporary discussions about the nature and existence of free will, as well as its relationship to work in the sciences and philosophy of religion.

Science and Religion in Medieval China: Some Comments on Recently Published Work by Nathan Sivin

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
T. H. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Human Experience ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Chinese Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
History Of ◽  
Difficult Area

The publication of two volumes of collected papers by Nathan Sivin is an event that should be welcomed by every centre where Chinese studies are taken seriously. For all his considerable reputation in a difficult area of specialized research namely the history of Chinese science, he has never sought to capitalize on his status as a specialist to “blind us with science”, but rather has written with an eye to broader problems, problems of concern at least to anyone professionally interested in the Chinese element in human experience, and (one would hope) many more besides. The spread of his concerns has meant in the past that many smaller college libraries have not possessed the periodicals and conference volumes in which his work has appeared, so this set of republished papers serves a useful function in itself. But in the second of these volumes in particular we find a number of previously unpublished works, including one of over seventy pages on a topic of considerable importance. Rather than leave this unexpected bounty simply for college librarians to acquire in order to make good existing gaps (and to have on the record the full Sivin bibliography to 1995 which may be found in the second volume), there would seem to be every reason to draw the attention of a broader number of readers to the appearance of important work which has existed for a while in draft form, but which has not been made generally available until now.

scholarly journals From Nursery to Nursing Home: Emerging Concepts in Clostridioides difficile Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Smith ◽  
Joshua Soto Ocana ◽  
Joseph P. Zackular
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium that infects the human gastrointestinal tract, causing a wide range of disorders that vary in severity from mild diarrhea to toxic megacolon and/or death. Over the past decade, incidence, severity, and costs associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) have increased dramatically in both the pediatric and adult populations. The factors driving this rapidly evolving epidemiology remain largely unknown but are likely due in part to previously unappreciated host, microbiota, and environmental factors. In this review, we will cover the risks and challenges of CDI in adult and pediatric populations and examine asymptomatic colonization in infants. We will also discuss the emerging role of diet, pharmaceutical drugs, and pathogen-microbiota interactions in C. difficile pathogenesis, as well as the impact of host-microbiota interactions in the manifestation of C. difficile-associated disease. Finally, we highlight new areas of research and novel strategies that may shed light on this complex infection and provide insights into the future of microbiota-based therapeutics for CDI.

Themes and Methods in the Study Of Conversion in Ethiopia: a Review Essay

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Evangelical Christianity ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Ethiopian Highlands ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

AbstractAlthough conversion is one of the major themes in the religious and cultural history of Ethiopia, it has yet to benefit from extensive and systematic comparative discussion. For generations, scholars have worked to deepen our understanding of conversion to both Orthodox Christianity and Islam in the Ethiopian highlands. Recent works, moreover, are noteworthy for their efforts to expand our knowledge of both regions and groups hitherto neglected. Modern Islam, Evangelical Christianity and the religious histories of the peoples of Southern Ethiopia are only a few of the topics that have benefited from scholarship during the past decade. We are, therefore, in an unprecedented position to offer a review of research which, while by no means comprehensive, at least offers broader coverage than was previously possible.

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