A twenty-first century foreign policy for Canada in the Middle East and North Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Aisha Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century

17. Russia, China, and the Middle East

2019 ◽  
pp. 394-414
Author(s):  
Roland Dannreuther
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
The West ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter addresses the important relationships that are currently evolving between Russia, China, and the Middle East. Russia and China have emerged as increasingly powerful actors in the Middle East and their presence and influence in the region has grown significantly. While both states have had longstanding historical links with the region, the twenty-first-century panorama is a quite distinctive one, with new economic and geopolitical factors driving a return to Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In addition, significant Muslim populations in both countries add another dynamic to contemporary Russian and Chinese relations with MENA. The chapter then identifies the challenges this presents for the United States and the West, and how the states and peoples of the Middle East are responding to the resurgence of Russian and Chinese power in the region.

10. The U.S. Navy in the Twenty-First Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Craig L. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The U.S

The dissolution of the Soviet Union did not erase the need for a global U.S. Navy, as events in the Middle East and elsewhere provoked serial crises that led to the dispatch of U.S. naval combat groups to various hot spots around the world. ‘The U.S. Navy in the twenty-first century’ explains how the U.S. Navy continues to fulfill many of its historic missions—suppressing pirates, protecting trade, and pursuing drug runners. It is also a potent instrument of American foreign policy and a barometer of American concern. In addition to its deterrent and peacekeeping roles, the U.S. Navy also acts as a first responder to natural or man-made disasters that call for humane intervention.

Forms of Futuristic Interpretation of Revelation in the Modern Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 446-463
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Searle ◽  
Kenneth G. C. Newport
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Real World ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter examines futuristic interpretations of Revelation in the modern period, highlighting how specific interpretations have had a real-world impact on society and geopolitics. It begins with an overview of the diverse cultural applications of futuristic readings of Revelation to the modern world, and then the focus shifts to an examination of how apocalyptic rhetoric confers meaning and coherence on the world in the minds of futuristic interpreters. This is followed by a discussion of the origins of premillennial dispensationalism and its role in shaping American foreign policy toward the Middle East. The chapter concludes with an assessment of whether futurism will retain its influence further into the twenty-first century and beyond.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration and water availability response to climate change in the Middle East and North Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Basem Ajjur ◽  
Sami G. Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
First Century ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Impact

AbstractQuantifying the impact of climate change on evapotranspiration is necessary for devising accurate water and energy budgets in light of global warming. Nevertheless, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), little has been done to bridge this gap. This study, then, implements Penman and Budyko approaches to climatic data retrieved from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to assess evapotranspiration and water availability evolutions through the twenty-first century. Outcomes reveal that the MENA region is indeed vulnerable to a surge in temperature, which can increase evapotranspiration losses and decrease water availability. Under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP2-4.5), the potential evapotranspiration (PET) has been projected to increase throughout the MENA region by up to 0.37 mm per year during the middle of the twenty-first century (2021–2050) and by up to 0.51 mm per year during the end of the twenty-first century (2071–2100). Meanwhile, the actual evapotranspiration (AET) has been projected to increase by up to 0.3 (~0.2) mm per year before 2050 (2100). The trends in both projections (PET and AET) are exaggerated under SSP5-8.5. The analysis predicted a shortage of water availability (precipitation—AET), which is alarming for most MENA regions. Relative to the reference period (1981–2010), the decline in annual water availability would reach 26 (62) mm by 2100 under SSP2-4.5 (SSP5-8.5). The rise in temperatures appears to be the principal reason for MENA and water availability responses. This study’s outcomes can facilitate accurate and realistic predictions related to evapotranspiration and water availability, which are key elements in not only managing water resources but also in devising effective climate change mitigation and adaptation plans.

Anglican Inter-Faith Relations from 1910 to the Twenty-First Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter explores the development of Anglican inter-faith relations since 1910 which has been shaped by a number of factors including: the ecumenical context, changing dynamics within the global Communion, globalization issues, and moves from mission to dialogue. The chapter begins with a historical overview and traces developments in key Anglican Communion texts and meetings, especially in recent times the Lambeth Conferences of 1988, 1998, and 2008. The ecumenical context which has shaped thought on inter-faith relations in this period is also given strong attention. The chapter concludes with two case studies. The first explores relations with Buddhism in the Sri Lankan context, while the second looks at relations with Islam focusing on the Middle East. While charting some general trends, it is noted that very different dynamics and varying standpoints exist in Anglican attitudes on inter-faith relations and have been part of the historical development throughout the period surveyed.

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