The Relation Between Precarious Employment Arrangements and Social Precarity: Findings from the PREMIS Study in Stockholm, Sweden

Precarious employment (PE) is a well-known social determinant of health and health inequalities. However, as most previous studies have focused on physical and mental well-being, less is known about the social-related outcomes (ie, social precarity) associated with precarious arrangements. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate whether PE is associated with social precarity in a working population of 401 nonstandard employed workers in Stockholm, Sweden (2016-2017). PE was assessed with the Swedish version of the Employment Precarious Scale (EPRES-Se) and analyzed in relation to social precarity related to working life (eg, task quality and job security) and living conditions (eg, restraint in social activities and financial constraints). We found positive adjusted associations between quartiles of EPRES-Se and social precarity related to working life (eg, being locked in an occupation [aPRq4:1.33 [1.10-1.61]]) and living conditions (eg, inability to participate in social activities because of work [aPRq4:1.27 [1.10-1.46]]). Our findings suggest that individuals in PE experience social precarity, stressing that PE may have negative effects on well-being. Further studies using multidimensional constructs of PE and larger samples should analyze these findings according to social and policy contexts in order to be able to inform policymakers.

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Employment Precariousness and Poor Mental Health: Evidence from Spain on a New Social Determinant of Health

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2013/978656 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Alejandra Vives ◽

Marcelo Amable ◽

Montserrat Ferrer ◽

Salvador Moncada ◽

Clara Llorens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Determinant ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Precarious Employment ◽

Prevalence Proportion ◽

Permanent Workers

Background.Evidence on the health-damaging effects of precarious employment is limited by the use of one-dimensional approaches focused on employment instability. This study assesses the association between precarious employment and poor mental health using the multidimensional Employment Precariousness Scale.Methods.Cross-sectional study of 5679 temporary and permanent workers from the population-based Psychosocial Factors Survey was carried out in 2004-2005 in Spain. Poor mental health was defined as SF-36 mental health scores below the 25th percentile of the Spanish reference for each respondent’s sex and age. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPRs) of poor mental health across quintiles of employment precariousness (reference: 1st quintile) were calculated with log-binomial regressions, separately for women and men.Results.Crude PPRs showed a gradient association with poor mental health and remained generally unchanged after adjustments for age, immigrant status, socioeconomic position, and previous unemployment. Fully adjusted PPRs for the 5th quintile were 2.54 (95% CI: 1.95–3.31) for women and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.86–2.68) for men.Conclusion.The study finds a gradient association between employment precariousness and poor mental health, which was somewhat stronger among women, suggesting an interaction with gender-related power asymmetries. Further research is needed to strengthen the epidemiological evidence base and to inform labour market policy-making.

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The Protective Role of Character Strengths in COVID-19 Stress and Well-Being in Individuals With Chronic Conditions and Disabilities: An Exploratory Study

Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0034355220967093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Emre Umucu ◽

Timothy N. Tansey ◽

Jessica Brooks ◽

Beatrice Lee

Keyword(s):

Chronic Conditions ◽

Character Strengths ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Protective Role ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internal Resources ◽

Related Stress

Individuals with chronic conditions and disabilities, in response to stress associated with COVID-19, may experience a decrease in their overall well-being beyond that experienced by otherwise healthy individuals. Therefore, it is imperative to identify internal resources (e.g., character strengths) that can help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being in spite of COVID-19. This study explored the potential protective role of character strengths and virtues in moderating the negative effects of COVID-19 on stress and well-being. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants included 269 individuals with self-reported chronic conditions and disabilities. After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, we examined whether character strengths and virtues acted as independent moderators between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. A higher degree of multiple character strengths significantly and independently moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. Findings suggested the importance of promoting more character strengths overall in people with chronic conditions and disabilities to help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being.

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Basque Ethnic Identity and Collective Empowerment: Two Key Factors in Well-Being and Community Participation

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jon Zabala ◽

Susana Conejero ◽

Aitziber Pascual ◽

Itziar Alonso-Arbiol ◽

Alberto Amutio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Community Participation ◽

Psychological Empowerment ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Identification ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Identity Fusion ◽

Collective Empowerment

Social identity is a factor that is associated with well-being and community participation. Some studies have shown that ethnic identity goes along with empowerment, and that interaction between the two leads to greater indices of well-being and community participation. However, other works suggest a contextual circumstance (i.e., perceiving one’s own group as a minority and/or being discriminated) may condition the nature of these relations. By means of a cross-sectional study, we analyzed the relations of social identification (or identity fusion) and collective psychological empowerment with personal well-being, social well-being and community participation in a sample of Basques. A total of 748 Basques participated (63.1% women; age M = 39.28; SD = 12.13). Individuals who were highly identified or fused with Basque speakers and who were highly empowered showed higher indices of well-being (both personal and social) and of community participation than non-fused individuals with low empowerment. The results also suggest that social identification (or identity fusion) offsets the negative effects of perceiving the group as a linguistic minority. Collective psychological empowerment proved to be an especially relevant factor that needs to continue to be explored.

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Examining supervisor undermining through the job-demands resources framework

Health Services Management Research ◽

10.1177/09514848211048608 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095148482110486

Author(s):

Marilyn V Whitman ◽

Russell A Matthews ◽

Eric S Williams

Keyword(s):

Employee Engagement ◽

Online Survey ◽

Job Demands ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample

Introduction Supervisor undermining has recently gained increasing attention due to its negative effects on employee health and well-being. In the healthcare context, negative supervisor behaviors have been linked to unfavorable individual and organizational outcomes as well as medical errors and patient mortality. Our study, therefore, examines the influence that supervisor undermining behavior has on employee engagement and performance within a standard job stress framework. Methods Our sample consisted of occupational therapists, a health professions group who is growing in demand and importance in the U.S. and has unique job demands. Using an observational, cross-sectional study design, a convenience sample of 521 occupational therapists completed an online survey. A series of independent t-test and multiple-groups path analytic modeling was used. Results Participants who had a supervisor perceived as engaging in undermining behaviors reported lower levels of resources, higher levels of demands, less motivation, and more overload than those who did not perceive supervisor undermining. These participants were also less engaged and reported lower levels of performance. Conclusion Our results shed further light on the importance of supervisory behaviors specifically in a healthcare setting and the need for organizations to create an environment that promotes positive and productive workplace behaviors.

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Large diversity in Danish health literacy profiles: perspectives for care of long-term illness and multimorbidity

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz134 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Aaby ◽

Alison Beauchamp ◽

Jonathan O’Hara ◽

Helle T Maindal

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Health Status ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Determinant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Starting Point

Abstract Background Health literacy is an important, modifiable, social determinant of health. This study aims to explore health literacy challenges of people with long-term illness or multimorbidity and provide detailed profiles revealing health literacy strengths and weaknesses within a Danish population. Methods In this cross-sectional study among Danish individuals (n = 490), health literacy was assessed using the nine-scale Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Using multiple logistic regression and hierarchical cluster analysis, we estimated the association between HLQ scale scores and the likelihood of long-term illness and multimorbidity, and identified socio-demographic and health characteristics related to profiles of health literacy strengths and weaknesses. Results An increase in ‘actively managing my health’ and ‘social support for health’ decreased the odds of having a long-term illness [odds ratio, OR 0.53 (0.31–0.9); OR 0.43 (0.24–0.74)] and multimorbidity [OR 0.51 (0.26–0.98); OR 0.33 (0.17–0.62)], respectively. Conversely, an increase in ‘healthcare provider support’ increased the odds of having long-term illness [OR 2.97 (1.78–5.08)] and multimorbidity [OR 2.94 (1.53–5.87)], respectively. Five profiles were identified based on the cluster analysis. Each cluster was characterized by specific health characteristics, e.g. Cluster A by better health status (χ2 = 39.976 (4), P < 0.001) and well-being (χ2 = 28.832 (4), P < 0.001) and Cluster D by poor health status (χ2 = 39.976 (4), P < 0.001) and increased likelihood of long-term illness (χ2 = 18.641 (4), P < 0.001). Conclusions The association of health literacy with long-term illness and multimorbidity in combination with the health literacy profiling based on cluster analysis provides a comprehensive needs assessment and a promising starting point for the development of health literacy responsive interventions.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Blood Donors’ Psychological Characteristics over 8 Weeks

Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy ◽

10.1159/000517566 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Max Esefeld ◽

Ariane Sümnig ◽

Ulf Alpen ◽

Hans Jörgen Grabe ◽

Andreas Greinacher

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

Psychological State ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Effects

Background: Previous studies suggest that blood donation impacts blood donors’ psychological state, with either positive or negative effects, such as feeling more energetic or more exhausted. It has not yet been described how long these effects last. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of a qualitative and a quantitative part: (1) Psychological characteristics which changed after blood donation were identified by structured interviews of regular whole blood donors (n = 42). Based on this, a questionnaire addressing 7 psychological dimensions was established. (2) The psychological state of 100 blood donors was assessed after blood donation by applying the questionnaire 15–30 min before and during donation, as well as 15–30 min, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 8 weeks after donation. The resulting changes were summarized to a score. Furthermore, potential correlations of the score with pre-donation blood pressure, hemoglobin, or body mass index were calculated. Results: Seven items were identified which changed in at least 25% of blood donors (mood, concentration, satisfaction, resilience, spirit of initiative, physical well-being, energy level). In the 100 blood donors, the well-being score increased (positive effects, n = 23), showed minor changes (n = 53), or decreased (negative effects, n = 24). The positive effects lasted for about 1 week and the negative effects for 3 days. Conclusion: While the frequency of psychological effects following blood donation identified by our study was comparable to others, the changes of the psychological state in our donors were traceable for a longer period than previously acknowledged.

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Precarious employment and general, mental and physical health in Stockholm, Sweden: a cross-sectional study

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494820956451 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 140349482095645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johanna Jonsson ◽

Nuria Matilla-Santander ◽

Bertina Kreshpaj ◽

Gun Johansson ◽

Katarina Kjellberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

General Health ◽

Linear Models ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Swedish Version ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Precarious Employment ◽

Employment Conditions ◽

Prevalence Ratios

Objectives: To investigate the association between precarious employment and health in a sample of non-standard employees in Stockholm County, Sweden, by addressing three specific research questions: is the degree of precarious employment (low, moderate, high) associated with self-rated. . . (a) general health, (b) mental health, (c) musculoskeletal pain? Methods: Web-based respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit a sample of 415 employees in Stockholm, Sweden, during 2016–2017. Questionnaire data were collected on employment conditions (the Swedish version of the employment precariousness scale (EPRES-Se)), general health, mental health and musculoskeletal pain. EPRES-Se scores were categorised as low, moderate or high. Generalised linear models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variances were applied for calculating crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR; aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all outcomes. Results: The prevalence ratios of poor self-rated general and mental health increased with increased degree of precariousness, as indicated by estimates of moderate precarious employment (a2PRModerate 1.44 (CI 0.98–2.11); a2PRModerate 1.13 (CI 0.82–1.62)), and high precarious employment (a2PRHigh 1.78 (CI 1.21–2.62); a2PRHigh 1.69 (CI 1.25–2.28)), albeit only significantly so for high precarious employment. Conclusions: This is the first study in Sweden reporting on the association between precarious employment, as measured with a multidimensional scale, and multiple health outcomes. The results add to the evidence of an association between precarious employment and self-rated poor general and mental health. Larger, representative studies with longitudinal designs using the EPRES-Se are called for in order to strengthen these results and the already existing evidence of the harm of precarious employment.

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“Please, bring me some coffee”: Illegitimate tasks as the explanation for the relationship between organisational sexism and occupational well-being

GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht Kultur und Gesellschaft ◽

10.3224/gender.v12i3.09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3-2020) ◽

pp. 124-140

Author(s):

Carolina Pía García Johnson ◽

Kathleen Otto

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Organisational Climate ◽

Gender Based ◽

The Relationship

While overt forms of sexism in organisations are on the decline, covert ones are becoming the norm. This article argues that illegitimate tasks are a disguised form of gender-based discrimination and harassment. To support this argument, evidence is provided about the effects of sexism on occupational well-being that are caused by undertaking illegitimate tasks. The authors focus on the relationship between sexist organisational climate and illegitimate tasks and the resulting effects on job satisfaction and irritation. The empirical data used in the analyses were obtained from a cross-sectional study of a sample of German psychologists. After controlling for the effects of gender, the results provided evidence of the negative effects that a sexist organisational climate has on irritation and job satisfaction, mediated by illegitimate tasks.

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Levels, Correlates, and Predictors of Stress and Caregiver Burden among Caregivers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Nigeria

Journal of Pediatric Neurology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1612639 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. 013-021

Author(s):

Samuel Adegoke ◽

Kehinde Omole ◽

Chidozie Mbada ◽

Ganiyu Adedeji ◽

Olanrewaju Adeyemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education ◽

The Mean

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is a major cause of physical disability in childhood. Caregivers are often subjected to both stress and burden due to prolonged care. This article assesses levels, correlates, and predictive factors of stress and caregiver burden among primary caregivers of children with CP. A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals within the Osun State, Nigeria. Two hundred and nine caregivers were interviewed with both the Parental Stress Scale and Caregiver Difficulty Scale to assess for stress and burden of caregivers, respectively. Data were collected and analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences for Windows version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) with alpha set at p < 0.05. Two hundred and nine children with CP aged 12 months to 12 years were seen during the 6-month period. Mothers constituted 87.1% of the total caregivers. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) stress seen in caregivers was 44.8 ± 10.1, while the mean (SD) caregiver burden was 45.2 ± 13.4. Both these scores were above the minimum score of 42, which signifies high psychosocial stress and burden. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess associations between clinical and sociodemographic and each of stress and caregivers' burden. Severity of CP and level of education were the most important predictors of stress, while severity of CP, level of education, and male child were the most important predictors of caregivers' burden. Caregivers' burden and stress are known to result in negative outcomes. Identifying factors that can predict caregivers' burden and stress could help develop an early intervention strategy to minimize these negative effects while promoting caregivers' psychosocial well-being.

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Design Moderators of Perceived Residential Crowding and Chronic Physiological Stress Among Children

Environment and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0013916518824631 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 590-621

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Rollings ◽

Gary W. Evans

Keyword(s):

Interior Design ◽

Learned Helplessness ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Design Attributes ◽

Ceiling Height

Chronic crowding within housing adversely affects psychological well-being, yet little is known about how design attributes contribute to these effects, especially among children. This cross-sectional study first examined associations between residential interior density and children’s ( M = 9 years of age) perceived bedroom and home crowding. Second, analyses investigated whether interior design attributes (residential floor plan arrangement measured by space syntax [depth and permeability]; bedroom ceiling height, volume, and window area) buffer negative effects of perceived crowding on multimethodological indices of child development, including psychological distress, learned helplessness, and physiological stress. After adjusting for home type, clutter, income, gender, and age, interior density was significantly associated with perceived home and bedroom crowding. Regression results suggested that bedroom ceiling height was associated with reduced negative effects of home, but not bedroom, perceived crowding on blood pressure, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and allostatic load among participants who reported higher levels of perceived crowding.

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