Design Moderators of Perceived Residential Crowding and Chronic Physiological Stress Among Children

Chronic crowding within housing adversely affects psychological well-being, yet little is known about how design attributes contribute to these effects, especially among children. This cross-sectional study first examined associations between residential interior density and children’s ( M = 9 years of age) perceived bedroom and home crowding. Second, analyses investigated whether interior design attributes (residential floor plan arrangement measured by space syntax [depth and permeability]; bedroom ceiling height, volume, and window area) buffer negative effects of perceived crowding on multimethodological indices of child development, including psychological distress, learned helplessness, and physiological stress. After adjusting for home type, clutter, income, gender, and age, interior density was significantly associated with perceived home and bedroom crowding. Regression results suggested that bedroom ceiling height was associated with reduced negative effects of home, but not bedroom, perceived crowding on blood pressure, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and allostatic load among participants who reported higher levels of perceived crowding.

Download Full-text

The Protective Role of Character Strengths in COVID-19 Stress and Well-Being in Individuals With Chronic Conditions and Disabilities: An Exploratory Study

Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0034355220967093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Emre Umucu ◽

Timothy N. Tansey ◽

Jessica Brooks ◽

Beatrice Lee

Keyword(s):

Chronic Conditions ◽

Character Strengths ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Protective Role ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internal Resources ◽

Related Stress

Individuals with chronic conditions and disabilities, in response to stress associated with COVID-19, may experience a decrease in their overall well-being beyond that experienced by otherwise healthy individuals. Therefore, it is imperative to identify internal resources (e.g., character strengths) that can help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being in spite of COVID-19. This study explored the potential protective role of character strengths and virtues in moderating the negative effects of COVID-19 on stress and well-being. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants included 269 individuals with self-reported chronic conditions and disabilities. After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, we examined whether character strengths and virtues acted as independent moderators between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. A higher degree of multiple character strengths significantly and independently moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. Findings suggested the importance of promoting more character strengths overall in people with chronic conditions and disabilities to help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being.

Download Full-text

Basque Ethnic Identity and Collective Empowerment: Two Key Factors in Well-Being and Community Participation

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jon Zabala ◽

Susana Conejero ◽

Aitziber Pascual ◽

Itziar Alonso-Arbiol ◽

Alberto Amutio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Community Participation ◽

Psychological Empowerment ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Identification ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Identity Fusion ◽

Collective Empowerment

Social identity is a factor that is associated with well-being and community participation. Some studies have shown that ethnic identity goes along with empowerment, and that interaction between the two leads to greater indices of well-being and community participation. However, other works suggest a contextual circumstance (i.e., perceiving one’s own group as a minority and/or being discriminated) may condition the nature of these relations. By means of a cross-sectional study, we analyzed the relations of social identification (or identity fusion) and collective psychological empowerment with personal well-being, social well-being and community participation in a sample of Basques. A total of 748 Basques participated (63.1% women; age M = 39.28; SD = 12.13). Individuals who were highly identified or fused with Basque speakers and who were highly empowered showed higher indices of well-being (both personal and social) and of community participation than non-fused individuals with low empowerment. The results also suggest that social identification (or identity fusion) offsets the negative effects of perceiving the group as a linguistic minority. Collective psychological empowerment proved to be an especially relevant factor that needs to continue to be explored.

Download Full-text

Examining supervisor undermining through the job-demands resources framework

Health Services Management Research ◽

10.1177/09514848211048608 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095148482110486

Author(s):

Marilyn V Whitman ◽

Russell A Matthews ◽

Eric S Williams

Keyword(s):

Employee Engagement ◽

Online Survey ◽

Job Demands ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample

Introduction Supervisor undermining has recently gained increasing attention due to its negative effects on employee health and well-being. In the healthcare context, negative supervisor behaviors have been linked to unfavorable individual and organizational outcomes as well as medical errors and patient mortality. Our study, therefore, examines the influence that supervisor undermining behavior has on employee engagement and performance within a standard job stress framework. Methods Our sample consisted of occupational therapists, a health professions group who is growing in demand and importance in the U.S. and has unique job demands. Using an observational, cross-sectional study design, a convenience sample of 521 occupational therapists completed an online survey. A series of independent t-test and multiple-groups path analytic modeling was used. Results Participants who had a supervisor perceived as engaging in undermining behaviors reported lower levels of resources, higher levels of demands, less motivation, and more overload than those who did not perceive supervisor undermining. These participants were also less engaged and reported lower levels of performance. Conclusion Our results shed further light on the importance of supervisory behaviors specifically in a healthcare setting and the need for organizations to create an environment that promotes positive and productive workplace behaviors.

Download Full-text

A Cross-Sectional Study of Blood Donors’ Psychological Characteristics over 8 Weeks

Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy ◽

10.1159/000517566 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Max Esefeld ◽

Ariane Sümnig ◽

Ulf Alpen ◽

Hans Jörgen Grabe ◽

Andreas Greinacher

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

Psychological State ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Effects

Background: Previous studies suggest that blood donation impacts blood donors’ psychological state, with either positive or negative effects, such as feeling more energetic or more exhausted. It has not yet been described how long these effects last. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of a qualitative and a quantitative part: (1) Psychological characteristics which changed after blood donation were identified by structured interviews of regular whole blood donors (n = 42). Based on this, a questionnaire addressing 7 psychological dimensions was established. (2) The psychological state of 100 blood donors was assessed after blood donation by applying the questionnaire 15–30 min before and during donation, as well as 15–30 min, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 8 weeks after donation. The resulting changes were summarized to a score. Furthermore, potential correlations of the score with pre-donation blood pressure, hemoglobin, or body mass index were calculated. Results: Seven items were identified which changed in at least 25% of blood donors (mood, concentration, satisfaction, resilience, spirit of initiative, physical well-being, energy level). In the 100 blood donors, the well-being score increased (positive effects, n = 23), showed minor changes (n = 53), or decreased (negative effects, n = 24). The positive effects lasted for about 1 week and the negative effects for 3 days. Conclusion: While the frequency of psychological effects following blood donation identified by our study was comparable to others, the changes of the psychological state in our donors were traceable for a longer period than previously acknowledged.

Download Full-text

“Please, bring me some coffee”: Illegitimate tasks as the explanation for the relationship between organisational sexism and occupational well-being

GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht Kultur und Gesellschaft ◽

10.3224/gender.v12i3.09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3-2020) ◽

pp. 124-140

Author(s):

Carolina Pía García Johnson ◽

Kathleen Otto

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Organisational Climate ◽

Gender Based ◽

The Relationship

While overt forms of sexism in organisations are on the decline, covert ones are becoming the norm. This article argues that illegitimate tasks are a disguised form of gender-based discrimination and harassment. To support this argument, evidence is provided about the effects of sexism on occupational well-being that are caused by undertaking illegitimate tasks. The authors focus on the relationship between sexist organisational climate and illegitimate tasks and the resulting effects on job satisfaction and irritation. The empirical data used in the analyses were obtained from a cross-sectional study of a sample of German psychologists. After controlling for the effects of gender, the results provided evidence of the negative effects that a sexist organisational climate has on irritation and job satisfaction, mediated by illegitimate tasks.

Download Full-text

Levels, Correlates, and Predictors of Stress and Caregiver Burden among Caregivers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Nigeria

Journal of Pediatric Neurology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1612639 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. 013-021

Author(s):

Samuel Adegoke ◽

Kehinde Omole ◽

Chidozie Mbada ◽

Ganiyu Adedeji ◽

Olanrewaju Adeyemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Education ◽

The Mean

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is a major cause of physical disability in childhood. Caregivers are often subjected to both stress and burden due to prolonged care. This article assesses levels, correlates, and predictive factors of stress and caregiver burden among primary caregivers of children with CP. A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals within the Osun State, Nigeria. Two hundred and nine caregivers were interviewed with both the Parental Stress Scale and Caregiver Difficulty Scale to assess for stress and burden of caregivers, respectively. Data were collected and analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences for Windows version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) with alpha set at p < 0.05. Two hundred and nine children with CP aged 12 months to 12 years were seen during the 6-month period. Mothers constituted 87.1% of the total caregivers. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) stress seen in caregivers was 44.8 ± 10.1, while the mean (SD) caregiver burden was 45.2 ± 13.4. Both these scores were above the minimum score of 42, which signifies high psychosocial stress and burden. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess associations between clinical and sociodemographic and each of stress and caregivers' burden. Severity of CP and level of education were the most important predictors of stress, while severity of CP, level of education, and male child were the most important predictors of caregivers' burden. Caregivers' burden and stress are known to result in negative outcomes. Identifying factors that can predict caregivers' burden and stress could help develop an early intervention strategy to minimize these negative effects while promoting caregivers' psychosocial well-being.

Download Full-text

The Relation Between Precarious Employment Arrangements and Social Precarity: Findings from the PREMIS Study in Stockholm, Sweden

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.1177/00207314211051880 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002073142110518

Author(s):

Nuria Matilla-Santander ◽

Johanna Jonsson ◽

Bertina Kreshpaj ◽

Cecilia Orellana ◽

Joan Benach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Determinant ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Social Activities ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Swedish Version ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Precarious Employment

Precarious employment (PE) is a well-known social determinant of health and health inequalities. However, as most previous studies have focused on physical and mental well-being, less is known about the social-related outcomes (ie, social precarity) associated with precarious arrangements. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate whether PE is associated with social precarity in a working population of 401 nonstandard employed workers in Stockholm, Sweden (2016-2017). PE was assessed with the Swedish version of the Employment Precarious Scale (EPRES-Se) and analyzed in relation to social precarity related to working life (eg, task quality and job security) and living conditions (eg, restraint in social activities and financial constraints). We found positive adjusted associations between quartiles of EPRES-Se and social precarity related to working life (eg, being locked in an occupation [aPRq4:1.33 [1.10-1.61]]) and living conditions (eg, inability to participate in social activities because of work [aPRq4:1.27 [1.10-1.46]]). Our findings suggest that individuals in PE experience social precarity, stressing that PE may have negative effects on well-being. Further studies using multidimensional constructs of PE and larger samples should analyze these findings according to social and policy contexts in order to be able to inform policymakers.

Download Full-text

Protecting Nurses from Mistreatment by Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Roles of Emotional Contagion Susceptibility and Emotional Regulation Ability

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6331

Author(s):

Bing Liu ◽

Naixin Zhu ◽

Huijuan Wang ◽

Fengyu Li ◽

Chenghao Men

Keyword(s):

Emotional Regulation ◽

Time Lag ◽

Career Commitment ◽

Emotional Contagion ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Design Data ◽

Cross Sectional

In recent years, patient mistreatment of healthcare workers, especially nurses, has been frequent, endangering the interests of organizations while also threatening nurses’ own development. This study aims to examine from the perspective of nurses’ personal interests whether mistreatment by patients decreases nurses’ workplace well-being and career commitment, and how their susceptibility to emotional contagion and emotional regulation ability might mitigate these negative effects. This study adopted a cross-sectional study design (data were collected through self-reported questionnaires with a two-month time lag between the months of August–October 2017). A total of 289 nurses from three hospitals in Shandong province, China, were recruited to participate in our study. The results reveal that mistreatment by patients is negatively related to nurses’ workplace well-being and career commitment. Emotional contagion susceptibility moderates the relationships between mistreatment by patients and career commitment, while there is no significant buffering effect of mistreatment by patients on workplace well-being. Emotional regulation ability moderates the relationships between mistreatment by patients and both workplace well-being and career commitment. These results suggest that improvements in nurses’ emotional regulation ability and susceptibility to emotional contagion can alleviate the harmful impacts of mistreatment by patients.

Download Full-text

Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000168 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lia Oberhauser ◽

Andreas B. Neubauer ◽

Eva-Marie Kessler

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Conflict Avoidance ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

Download Full-text

Perception of Therapeutic Education in Diabetic Patients at Tit Melil Health Center

Health Sciences ◽

10.15342/hs.1.161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mory Sanoh

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Basic Element ◽

Therapeutic Education ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Oral Antidiabetics ◽

Educational Training ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Diabetics

Introduction : A chronic condition like diabetes interferes with an individual's well-being, and if some of their needs are not met because of the disease, their quality of life is reduced. In this context, therapeutic education constitutes a basic element in the management of diabetes.Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study by self-administered questionnaire and interviews which were carried out with all type 1 and type 2 diabetics, consultants at the level of the Tit Mélil Primary Health Care establishment, in 2019 and who benefited from or not therapeutic education, with or without complications.Result : The study included 50 diabetic patients, surveys show us that type 1 diabetic patients were 13 (26%). And type 2.37 (74%). Regarding the organization of care, 74% of patients say they are under treatment with oral antidiabetics, 10% oral antidiabetics and insulins, 6% insulin therapy and others under diet. Speaking of Food, 76.5% of diabetics know the importance and know what foods to avoid.Conclusion : TVE is possible, it will result in a change in the structure of programs and new educational training for caregivers.

Download Full-text