Geographical clusters and social risk factors for suicide in the city of São Paulo, 2006–2015: An ecologic study

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-468
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Ligia Vizeu Barrozo ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide ◽  
Geographical Clusters

Background: To identify geographical clusters of suicide in São Paulo, Brazil (2006–2015) and to verify the associations of suicide with sociocultural characteristics of its 96 districts. Methods: Spatial scan test was used to detect the geographical clusters. Correlation and multiple regression techniques were used to estimate the association of socioeconomic and cultural variables with suicide. Results: The mean suicide rate was 4.8/100,000. Three clusters were identified which are as follows: one of increased risk in downtown and two of decreased risk in the South and in the Southeast. The mean suicide rate of the high-risk clustered districts (7.99/100,000) presented significantly higher average incomes per household, higher proportion of formally educated, of no religious affiliation, of recent migrants, of all-times migrants and lower proportion of married. The multiple model selected two independent risk factors – people with no religious affiliation (β = 0.182) and of recent migrants (β = 0.278) – and two protective factors – the proportion of married (β = –0.185) and of total migrants (β = –0.075), which jointly explained 58.4% of the variance. Conclusion: Durkheimian social and cultural risk factors for suicide were confirmed. Compared to a previous study period (1996–2005), suicide rates and geographical clusters remained relatively stable in the subsequent decade (2006–2015).

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the dog population of Ibiúna, São Paulo, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Mascolli ◽  
Francisco Rafael Martins Soto ◽  
Fernanda Bernardi ◽  
Fumio Honma Ito ◽  
Sônia Regina Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The City

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dogs seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa) and the risk factors associated with seropositivity in the dog population of Ibiúna, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 570 animals were examined in the 48 neighborhoods of the city from September 2007 to March 2008. Serological diagnosis of T. gondii and N. caninum infections was performed using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), with endpoint titers of 1:64 for T. gondii and 1:50 for N. caninum. Of the 570 animals examined, 314 (55.1%; 95% CI = 50.9?59.2%) were seropositive for T. gondii and 40 (7.02%; 95% CI = 5.1?9.4%) for N. caninum. The variables presence of rodents (OR = 2.05), ingestion of raw meat (OR= 2.47), and prior sexual activity (OR = 1.79) were identified as risk factors for toxoplasmosis, whereas only prior sexual activity (OR = 3.29) was associated with an increased risk for neosporosis. Both T. gondii and N. caninum infections were detected by IFA in the dog population of Ibiúna. Rodent control and not feeding raw meat to dogs are important to reduce the risk of infection by T. gondii and N. caninum in the region.

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii in sheep raised in the Jaboticabal microregion, São Paulo State, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes ◽  
Thaís Rabelo dos Santos ◽  
Ricardo dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Walter Matheus Rossanese ◽  
Fernando Augusto de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Orlando Wilmsen ◽  
Bruna Fernanda Silva ◽  
César Cristiano Bassetto ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Parenthesis

Gastrointestinal nematode infections were evaluated in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil between April 2008 and March 2011. Every month, two tracer lambs grazing with a flock of sheep were exposed to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes for 28 consecutive days. At the end of this period, the lambs were sacrificed for worm counts. Haemonchus contortus presented 100% of prevalence. The seasons exerted no significant influence on the mean intensity of H. contortus, which ranged from 315 worms in November 2010 to 2,5205 worms in January 2011. The prevalence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis was also 100%, with the lowest mean intensity (15 worms) recorded in February 2011 and the highest (9,760 worms) in October 2009. In the case of T. colubriformis, a significant correlation coefficient was found between worm counts vs. rainfall (r = −0.32; P <0.05). Three other nematodes species were found in tracer lambs, albeit in small numbers. Their prevalence and mean intensity (in parenthesis) were as follows: Oesophagostomum columbianum 28% (25.2), Cooperia curticei 7% (4.5) and Trichuris spp. 2% (1). In conclusion, the environmental conditions of the area proved to be highly favorable for the year-round transmission of H. contortus and T. colubriformis.

scholarly journals Landscape risk factors for attacks of vampire bats on cattle in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo Novaes Gomes ◽  
Antonio Miguel Vieira Monteiro ◽  
Nicola Lewis ◽  
Celso Alberto Gonçalves ◽  
Vladimir de Souza Nogueira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Vampire Bats

scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in swine of non-tecnified rearing farms of the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil and associated risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e00080
Author(s):  
Gabriela Capriogli Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida ◽  
Raissa Saran Sartori ◽  
Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi ◽  
Luis Guilherme de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in a region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel A.M. Rossi ◽  
Henrique M.S. Almeida ◽  
Rafaella P.M. Guimarães-Peixoto ◽  
Emílio C. Acevedo-Nieto ◽  
Paulo S.A. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control

Abstract: Taenia solium is a zoonotic tapeworm of great importance in developing countries, due to the occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Pigs have an important role in the biological cycle of the parasite as intermediate hosts. The scientific literature has been describing risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease that must be avoided in countries with poor sanitation, in order to reduce the exposure of swine to the parasite eggs. This research focused on testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in the region of Jaboticabal municipality, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The found prevalence was 6.82% (CI 95% 4.18 - 9.45) at animal level and 28.87% (CI 95% 16.74 - 40.40) at herd level. These figures are probably associated with low technification adoption during animal rearing in the studied area, which increased the exposure of the animals to risk factors associated with the occurrence of Taenia solium complex. The results found based on serological evidences of swine cysticercosis in the studied region serves as a warning to public sanitary authorities to improve public health and control T. solium.

scholarly journals Risk factors across the life course and dementia in a Brazilian population: results from the Sao Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH)

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Scazufca ◽  
P. R Menezes ◽  
R. Araya ◽  
V. D Di Rienzo ◽  
O. P Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Health Study ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between sepsis and oropharyngeal dysphagia in hospitalised elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Sasegbon ◽  
Laura O’Shea ◽  
Shaheen Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Onset

IntroductionElderly people are recognised to be at increased risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD), the causes of which are multifactorial. Our aim was to identify if sepsis is associated with OPD in the elderly during hospitalisation in the absence of known other risk factors for OPD.MethodsA hospital electronic database was searched for elderly patients (≥65 years) referred for assessment for suspected dysphagia between March 2013 and 2014. Exclusion criteria were age <65 years, pre-existing OPD or acute OPD secondary to acute intracranial event, space-occupying lesion or trauma. Data were collected on factors including age, sex, comorbidities, existing OPD, sepsis, microbiology, recovery of OPD and medication. Sepsis was defined as evidence of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a clinical suspicion of infection.ResultsA total of 301 of 1761 screened patients referred for dysphagia assessment met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of sepsis and subsequent OPD was 16% (51/301). The mean age was 83 years (median 81 years). The most common comorbidity was dementia (31%). The majority (84%) failed to recover swallowing during their hospital stay, 12% had complications of aspiration and 35% died. The most common source of sepsis was from the chest (55%). Other factors contributing to the risk for dysphagia included delirium (22%) and neuroactive medication (41%). However, 10% of patients had sepsis and subsequent OPD without other identified risk factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of sepsis and subsequent dysphagia is significant and should be taken into account in any elderly person in hospital with new-onset OPD without other predisposing risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for bluetongue in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Thaís G. da Silva ◽  
Michele S. Lima ◽  
Massimo Spedicato ◽  
Irene Carmine ◽  
Liana Teodori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo

scholarly journals Protozooplankton and its relationship with environmental conditions in 13 water bodies of the Mogi-Guaçu basin - SP, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa Lacativa Bagatini ◽  
Ana Lúcia Gerardi Spínola ◽  
Bianca de Miranda Peres ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Mafalda Alexandra Antunes Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Mean

Protozooplankton is an important component of the aquatic microbial food webs and its composition, density, and distribution reflect the chemical, physical, and biological aspects of the environment. Considering the scarce literature on freshwater protozoans in Brazil and on protozoan ecology in subtropical environments, we listed the ciliates and amoebae taxa found in 13 water bodies in São Paulo State and analyzed their abundance in relation to the environmental variables. We collected two samples in each environment, fixed immediately with mercuric chloride and stained with bromophenol blue. After microscopical analysis, 74 protozoan genera were identified and the Ciliophora were dominant in the majority of the environments. The Stichotrichia, represented mostly by the genus Halteria, occurred in all environments, and was the dominant subclass in five of them. The canonic correspondence analysis of the most frequent genera and the environmental variables showed that nitrite and nitrate were the variables that better explained the distribution of Limnostrombidium, Urotricha, and Vorticella. The densities of the genera Halteria, Coleps, and of the species Cinetochilum margaritaceum were positively affected by increasing concentrations of dissolved oxygen, particulate phosphate, conductivity, and temperature. C. margaritaceum were also negatively affected by increasing concentrations of nitrite and nitrate. Considering that we made only one sampling in each environment, the richness was high compared to the mean diversity of lakes in the São Paulo State. The Diogo Lake, located in an ecological reserve, was the richest one, confirming the need of more research on the biodiversity of more preserved environments.

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