Risk factors across the life course and dementia in a Brazilian population: results from the Sao Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH)

Background: To investigate the association between cardiovascular risk-factor profile and migraine in the elderly, we evaluated a population sample of ageing men and women (65 years or more) living in a low-income area in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients and Methods: We investigated migraine status and cardiovascular profile from a baseline of 1450 participants (65–102 years of age) of the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH), a longitudinal population-based study with low-income elderly in Brazil. The following age and sex-adjusted cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed: blood pressure, pulse pressure, serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, smoking, history of hypertension, diabetes and the 10-year risk of myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease death based on the Framingham Risk Score. Results: The overall prevalence of migraine was 11.4%, and it was 3 times more frequent among women than men (15.3% vs 5.4%; P < 0.0001). Migraineurs were younger than non-migraineurs (mean age 70.6 years vs 72.1 years; P = 0.001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the cardiovascular risk-factor profile after adjustment for age and sex among migraineurs and non-migraineurs. Only a decrease in the risk of hypertension among women (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.38–0.90; P = 0.01) was also observed even after adjustment for age. Conclusions: Overall, we did not find a worse cardiovascular risk profile among elderly migraineurs. An inverse association between hypertension and migraine in women warrants further investigation.

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Anemia and dementia among the elderly: the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610211001724 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Itamar S. Santos ◽

Márcia Scazufca ◽

Paulo A. Lotufo ◽

Paulo R. Menezes ◽

Isabela M. Benseñor

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Health Study ◽

São Paulo ◽

Total Blood ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Life Function

ABSTRACTBackground: Anemia and dementia are common diseases among the elderly, but conflicting data are available regarding an association between these two conditions. We analyzed data from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study to address the relationship between anemia and dementia.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included participants aged 65 years and older from a deprived area of the borough of Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. Data about demographics, education, income, and cognitive and daily life function were collected, as well as blood samples. Anemia and dementia were defined according to WHO and DSM-IV criteria, respectively.Results: Of the 2267 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, 2072 agreed to participate in the study; of whom 1948 had a valid total blood count and were included in the analysis. Anemia was diagnosed in 203 (10.2%) participants and dementia in 99 (5.1%). The frequency of anemia was higher in patients with dementia according to univariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–3.41, p = 0.01), but this association was not present after adjusting for age (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.76–2.33, p = 0.32). Further multivariate adjustment did not change the results.Conclusion: Although anemia and dementia are frequent disorders in older people, we found their relationship to be mediated exclusively by aging in this low-income population from São Paulo.

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Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii in sheep raised in the Jaboticabal microregion, São Paulo State, Brazil

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.06.006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 104-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes ◽

Thaís Rabelo dos Santos ◽

Ricardo dos Santos da Silva ◽

Walter Matheus Rossanese ◽

Fernando Augusto de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

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Landscape risk factors for attacks of vampire bats on cattle in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.10.006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 93 (2-3) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Murilo Novaes Gomes ◽

Antonio Miguel Vieira Monteiro ◽

Nicola Lewis ◽

Celso Alberto Gonçalves ◽

Vladimir de Souza Nogueira Filho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Vampire Bats

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in swine of non-tecnified rearing farms of the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil and associated risk factors

Parasite Epidemiology and Control ◽

10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e00080

Author(s):

Gabriela Capriogli Oliveira ◽

Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida ◽

Raissa Saran Sartori ◽

Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi ◽

Luis Guilherme de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Northeastern Region ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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A life course approach for understanding later life sustainability

Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0014 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 103-110

Author(s):

Holly Syddall ◽

Avan Aihie Sayer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Life Course ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Optimal Strategies ◽

Later Life ◽

Present Evidence ◽

Considerable Evidence ◽

Life Course Approach ◽

The Life Course

This chapter describes a life course approach for understanding later life sustainability, focusing on grip strength as a marker of physical sustainability, and explaining how a life course approach recognizes that muscle strength in later life reflects not only rate of loss in later life, but also the peak attained earlier in life. We present evidence that risk factors operating throughout the life course have an impact on physical sustainability in later life with particular consideration of the effects of body size, socioeconomic position, physical activity, diet, and smoking. We have shown that low birth weight is associated with weaker grip strength across the life course and that there is considerable evidence for developmental influences on ageing skeletal muscle. Finally, a life course approach suggests opportunities for early intervention to promote later life physical sustainability; but optimal strategies and timings for intervention are yet to be identified.

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Testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in a region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2016000300001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel A.M. Rossi ◽

Henrique M.S. Almeida ◽

Rafaella P.M. Guimarães-Peixoto ◽

Emílio C. Acevedo-Nieto ◽

Paulo S.A. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Control

Abstract: Taenia solium is a zoonotic tapeworm of great importance in developing countries, due to the occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Pigs have an important role in the biological cycle of the parasite as intermediate hosts. The scientific literature has been describing risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease that must be avoided in countries with poor sanitation, in order to reduce the exposure of swine to the parasite eggs. This research focused on testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in the region of Jaboticabal municipality, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The found prevalence was 6.82% (CI 95% 4.18 - 9.45) at animal level and 28.87% (CI 95% 16.74 - 40.40) at herd level. These figures are probably associated with low technification adoption during animal rearing in the studied area, which increased the exposure of the animals to risk factors associated with the occurrence of Taenia solium complex. The results found based on serological evidences of swine cysticercosis in the studied region serves as a warning to public sanitary authorities to improve public health and control T. solium.

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Adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-type diet over the life course and associated vascular function: a study based on the MRC 1946 British birth cohort

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517003877 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 (5) ◽

pp. 581-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jane Maddock ◽

Nida Ziauddeen ◽

Gina L. Ambrosini ◽

Andrew Wong ◽

Rebecca Hardy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Life Course ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Dash Diet ◽

The Life Course ◽

Diet Score

AbstractLittle is known about long-term associations between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and conventional cardiovascular (CV)-risk factors as well as novel measures of vascular function. This study aimed to examine whether long-term adherence to a DASH-type diet in a British birth cohort is associated with conventional CV-risk factors and two vascular function markers, carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Data came from 1409 participants of the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development. Dietary intake was assessed at 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years using 5-d estimated food diaries. The DASH-type diet score was calculated using the Fung index. Conventional CV-risk factors (blood pressure (BP) and lipids), cIMT in the right and/or left common carotid artery and PWV was measured when participants were 60–64 years. Associations between the DASH-type diet score and outcomes were assessed using multiple regression models adjusted for socioeconomic position, BMI, smoking and physical activity. Participants in higher sex-specific quintiles (Q) of the long-term DASH-type diet had lower BP (P≤0·08), higher HDL-cholesterol (P<0·001) and lower TAG (P<0·001) compared with people in Q1. Participants in Q5 of the long-term DASH-type diet had lower PWV (−0·28sd; 95 % CI −0·50, −0·07,Ptrend=0·01) and cIMT (−0·24sd; 95 % CI −0·44, −0·04,Ptrend=0·02) compared with participants in the Q1. This association was independent of the conventional CV-risk factors. Greater adherence to a DASH diet over the life course is associated with conventional CV-risk factors and independently associated with cIMT and PWV.

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Sun exposure over the life course and associations with multiple sclerosis

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000005257 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (14) ◽

pp. e1191-e1199 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Helen Tremlett ◽

Feng Zhu ◽

Alberto Ascherio ◽

Kassandra L. Munger

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Life Course ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Health Study ◽

High Exposure ◽

Relative Risks ◽

The Mean ◽

The Life Course

ObjectiveTo examine sun exposure and multiple sclerosis (MS) over the life course (ages 5–15 and 16–20 years, every 10 years thereafter).MethodsCases with MS (n = 151) and age-matched controls (n = 235) from the Nurses' Health Study cohorts completed summer, winter, and lifetime sun exposure history questionnaires. Cumulative ambient ultraviolet (UV)-B (based on latitude, altitude, cloud cover) exposure before MS onset was expressed as tertiles. Seasonal sun exposure was defined as low vs high hours per week (summer [≤9 vs >10 h/wk]; winter [≤3 vs >4 h/wk]). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated via conditional logistic regression with adjustment for body mass index, ancestry, smoking, and vitamin D supplementation.ResultsMost participants were white (98%); the mean age at MS onset was 39.5 years. Living in high (vs low) UV-B areas before MS onset was associated with a 45% lower MS risk (adjusted RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42–0.73). Similar reduced risks (51%–52%) for medium or high exposure were observed at ages 5 to 15 years and at 5 to 15 years before MS onset (adjusted p < 0.05). At age 5 to 15 years, living in a high (vs low) UV-B area and having high (vs low) summer sun exposure were associated with a lower MS risk (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21–0.96).ConclusionLiving in high ambient UV-B areas during childhood and the years leading up to MS onset was associated with a lower MS risk. High summer sun exposure in high ambient UV-B areas was also associated with a reduced risk.

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