Black Names, Immigrant Names: Navigating Race and Ethnicity Through Personal Names

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hewan Girma
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Immigrant Incorporation ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Black Immigrant ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Immigrant Identities

This article explores the naming patterns of a new African immigrant group in the United States to discuss the creative ways that Black immigrants navigate their racialized immigrant identities and their positioning vis-à-vis their ethnoracial compatriots, African Americans. I argue that the significant contention around Black names and immigrant names demonstrates that personal names are a subject worthy of in-depth investigation. Through the case study of the naming practices of first generations of Ethiopian-Americans, I examine the relevance Black immigrant parents attach to first names, their various connotations, and modes of immigrant incorporation into the dominant host society. I highlight the importance of race, ethnicity, and immigration status in naming.

Buddhism and Race

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeana McNicholl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious History ◽  
American Religious History ◽  
Buddhist Studies ◽  
Race And Racialization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity

This chapter takes a step toward the theorization of discourses of race and racialization within the American Buddhist context. Far from being neutral observers, Buddhist Studies scholars have participated in the racialization of particular American Buddhisms. After mapping the landscape of key works on race, ethnicity, and American Buddhism, this chapter takes as a case study a collection of black Buddhist publications that reflect on race and ethnicity. Thus far, scholarship has ignored black Buddhists, yet black Buddhist reflections on race challenge dominant paradigms for the interpretation of the history of Buddhism and Buddhist teachings in the United States. This chapter concludes with suggestions for future avenues for research, including ways that we may connect the work of black Buddhists to the wider context of American religious history and American engagements with Asia.

Power in the Parish

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
Brett C. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Depth Interviews

Catholic parishes in the United States are complex organizations (where multiple communities coexist and interact). Relying on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and a case study approach, this chapter explores three parishes in Southern California that showcase the complexity of interactions among different racial and ethnic communities. These parishes are shared in various configurations by white, Latino, Black, and Asian parishioners, and this chapter illuminates the power dynamics of race and ethnicity as they work themselves out in American life. In shared parishes, the cultural work of constructing Catholic identity necessarily involves deploying distinct cultural expressions of Catholicism shaped by broader power dynamics of race, ethnicity, and language. This chapter lays bare this process as parishes illustrate power-in-action, with parish interactions variously producing, perpetuating, and challenging existing power dynamics and race relations.

scholarly journals Trends in Esophageal Cancer Mortality and Stage at Diagnosis by Race and Ethnicity in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Corona ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Eric Esrailian ◽  
Kevin A. Ghassemi ◽  
Jeffrey L. Conklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Stage Migration ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Seer Data ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Introduction Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Mortality and disease stage at diagnosis are important indicators of improvements in cancer prevention and control. We examined United States trends in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) mortality and stage at diagnosis by race and ethnicity. Methods We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to identify individuals with histologically confirmed EAC and ESCC between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2016. For both EAC and ESCC, we calculated age-adjusted mortality and the proportion presenting at each stage by race/ethnicity, sex, and year. We then calculated the annual percent change (APC) in each indicator by race/ethnicity and examined changes over time. Results The study included 19,257 EAC cases and 15,162 ESCC cases. EAC mortality increased significantly overall and in non-Hispanic Whites from 1993 to 2012 and from 1993 to 2010, respectively. EAC mortality continued to rise among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) (APC = 1.60, p = 0.01). NHB experienced the fastest decline in ESCC mortality (APC = − 4.53, p < 0.001) yet maintained the highest mortality at the end of the study period. Proportions of late stage disease increased overall by 18.5 and 24.5 percentage points for EAC and ESCC respectively; trends varied by race/ethnicity. Conclusion We found notable differences in trends in EAC and ESCC mortality and stage at diagnosis by race/ethnicity. Stage migration resulting from improvements in diagnosis and treatment may partially explain recent trends in disease stage at diagnosis. Future efforts should identify factors driving current esophageal cancer disparities.

A Systematic Review of Parenting Scales Measurement Invariance/Equivalence of by Race and Ethnicity: Recommendations for Inclusive Parenting Research

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110386
Author(s):  
Violeta J. Rodriguez ◽  
Dominique L. La Barrie ◽  
Miriam C. Zegarac ◽  
Anne Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The limited inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities in the development and validation of parenting measures limits our understanding of whether parenting constructs are valid in racial and ethnic minorities. Tests of measurement invariance/equivalence (MI/E) of parenting measures can help evaluate the validity of parenting constructs among racial/ethnic minorities. This systematic review summarized studies on MI/E of parenting constructs by race/ethnicity and evaluated the strength of the evidence. A literature search was conducted using various databases and references to retrieve studies from the United States. Indeed, 10 studies were identified that tested for MI/E of eight parenting scales by race/ethnicity. Only one scale showed moderate evidence of MI/E, five showed weak evidence of MI/E, and two showed no evidence of MI/E. Most studies (80%) used factor analytic methods to test for MI/E, but only two studies (20%) examined all levels of invariance. These findings show that differences exist in how racial/ethnic minorities perceive parenting constructs. Further research is needed to develop more inclusive parenting measures, to protect against the ways in which biased measures may pathologize or misrepresent parenting practices among racial/ethnic minorities.

Remember the Ladies: Competition and Mobilization in the United States

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-132
Author(s):  
Dawn Langan Teele
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity

This chapter presents a case study of women's enfranchisement in the United States. It argues that the formation of a broad coalition of women, symbolized by growing membership in a large non-partisan suffrage organization, in combination with competitive conditions in state legislatures, was crucial to securing politicians' support for women's suffrage in the states. The chapter first gives a broad overview of the phases of the US suffrage movement, arguing that the salience of political cleavages related to race, ethnicity, nativity, and class influenced the type of movement suffragists sought to build. It then describes the political geography of the Gilded Age, showing how the diversity of political competition and party organization that characterized the several regions mirrors the pattern of women's enfranchisement across the states.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Homicides With Victim and Suspect Race or Hispanic Ethnicity Discordance in the United States: Analysis of National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) 2005-2015

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986165
Author(s):  
Cara L. Frankenfeld ◽  
Timothy F. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Cross-racial violence is a high-profile issue in the United States; however, there is little empirical research on the epidemiology of cross-racial homicides. The objective of this work was to use national-level data to evaluate the characteristics of homicides in which the victim and suspect are of the same or different race or Hispanic ethnicity. Victims and suspects from National Violent Death Reporting System data (2005-2015) were classified into seven-categories on the basis of race/ethnicity (six non-Hispanic races or Hispanic ethnicity), and 51,454 homicide events were classified as concordant (same race or ethnicity), discordant (different race or ethnicity), or unknown (missing race or ethnicity or no suspect information). While discordancy was observed to be similar across all race and ethnicity groups, it was less likely with relatives, romantic partners, and relatives of romantic partners; less likely to occur at home; less likely to occur in intimate partner violence–related homicides; less likely when the homicide was preceded by an argument over money or property; less likely when the homicide was associated with a family problem; more likely among rival gangs and strangers than other known person relationships; and more likely with drug-involved homicides. There were differences for victims of non-Hispanic Black race. Notably, discordance was more likely for justifiable self-defense and more likely with victim having used a weapon. These results suggest that discordant homicides may follow patterns of peer groups and close relationships in society regardless of victim race/ethnicity, that is, individuals may form closer relationships with individuals of the same race/ethnicity.

Why Buy a Home? Race, Ethnicity, and Homeownership Preferences in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Revealed Preferences ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative

There are many reasons why Americans prefer homeownership to renting. Owning a home can serve as a vehicle for economic mobility or a marker of status attainment. Homeownership may deepen feelings of ontological security and enable families to move into more convenient neighborhoods. While previous research on race, ethnicity, and housing focuses on homeownership attainment, identifying structural barriers to explain persistent racial disparities, there has been little investigation of the reasons why Americans prefer to own their own homes. Drawing on the National Housing Survey, a nationally representative survey of American adults, I ask how these reasons vary by race and ethnicity. I report that African Americans and Latinos are more likely than whites to identify the social status of ownership and the importance of building wealth as reasons to buy a home. While African Americans are also more likely to pursue homeownership as a way to improve their housing quality, they are less likely to view ownership as a tool for accessing more convenient neighborhoods. As a contribution to research on racial stratification in homeownership, my findings push beyond existing studies of revealed preferences to explain why buying a home endures as such an important goal for many Americans. African Americans and Latinos are more deeply invested in the social status of homeownership, the importance of building wealth, and the promise of moving into a nicer home when they pursue ownership opportunities.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Enrollment Disparities and Demographic Reporting Requirements in Acute Leukemia Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hantel ◽  
Marlise R. Luskin ◽  
Jacqueline S Garcia ◽  
Wendy Stock ◽  
Daniel J DeAngelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Native American ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Data regarding racial and ethnic enrollment diversity for acute myeloid (AML) and lymphoid leukemia (ALL) clinical trials in the United States (US) are limited, and little is known about the effect of federal reporting requirements instituted in the late 2000s. We examined demographic data reporting and enrollment diversity for US ALL and AML trials from 2002-2017 as well as changes in reporting and diversity after reporting requirements were instituted. Of 223 AML and 97 ALL trials with results, 68 (30.5%) and 51 (52.6%) reported enrollment by both race and ethnicity. Among trials that reported race and ethnicity (AML N=6,554; ALL N=4,149), non-Hispanic (NH)-Black, NH-Native American, NH-Asian, and Hispanic patients had significantly lower enrollment compared to NH-white patients after adjusting for race-ethnic disease incidence (AML odds: 0.68, 0.31, 0.75, and 0.83; ALL: 0.74, 0.27, 0.67, and 0.64; all p≤0.01). The proportion of trials reporting race increased significantly after the reporting requirements (44.2 to 60.2%; p=0.02), but race-ethnicity reporting did not (34.8 to 38.6%; p=0.57). Reporting proportions by number of patients enrolled increased significantly after the reporting requirements (race: 51.7 to 72.7%, race-ethnicity: 39.5 to 45.4%; both p&lt;0.001), and relative enrollment of NH-Black and Hispanic patients decreased (AML odds: 0.79 and 0.77; ALL: 0.35 and 0.25; both p≤0.01). These data suggest that demographic enrollment reporting for acute leukemia trials is suboptimal, changes in diversity after the reporting requirements may be due to additional enrollment disparities that were previously unreported, and enrollment diversification strategies specific to acute leukemia care delivery are needed.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Temporal Trends of Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations Among Pregnant Women in the United States: 2009-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
Deepa Dongarwar ◽  
Brisa Garcia ◽  
Nisha Jacob ◽  
Hamisu Salihu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Race Ethnicity

There has been an increase in the incidence of Myocardial Infarction (MI) among pregnant women in the United States. There have been no studies examining the trends in the rates of gestational MI hospitalizations by race/ethnicity;and therefore, we undertook this study. No prior studies have examined the trends in the rates of gestational MI hospitalizations by race and ethnicity. In this study, we examined temporal trends of MI-related hospitalizations among pregnant women using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset from 2009 to 2018. We performed joinpoint regression analyses to assess trends in the rates of MI by race/ethnicity during the study period. Overall, there was an increase in the rates of MI among pregnant women during the study period (from 9.7 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2009 to 18.1 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2018) with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 7.2, (95% Confidence Interval (CI)=[4.0, 10.5]. The overall rate of MI was highest in non-Hispanic (NH)-Blacks and the greatest increments in rates of MI-related hospitalizations were noted in NH-Blacks during 2013-2018, and in Hispanics during the entire study period (2009-2018). NH-Blacks and Hispanics bear a disproportionately high burden of MI among pregnant women in the US. More worrisome is the first-ever reported finding in this study of a widening Black-White disparity in MI-related hospitalizations over the past decade.   Copyright © Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Alcohol-Related Deaths and Hospitalizations by Race, Gender, and Age in California

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Stahre ◽  
Michele Simon
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: Excessive alcohol use is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States each year and responsible for about 10,000 deaths in California alone. In addition, excessive alcohol use is responsible for many hospitalizations due to injuries and illnesses. Alcohol consumption is known to differ by age, sex, and race/ethnicity and these consumption patterns can lead to differences in alcohol-related outcomes. Methods: Using data from a variety of sources, alcohol-attributable deaths and nonfatal hospitalizations for illnesses and injuries were calculated for California for the year 2006. Results: Excessive alcohol use resulted in over 10,000 deaths and 72,000 nonfatal hospitalizations in California. The majority of consequences (51%) were due to chronic illnesses associated with long-term excessive use of alcohol. Overall, males reported more deaths and nonfatal hospitalizations due to excessive alcohol use than women. Alcohol-attributable deaths and hospitalizations are more likely to occur among individuals aged 50-64 years for illnesses and individuals aged 20-34 years for injuries. Older individuals suffered from more chronic conditions such as alcoholic liver disease, while younger individuals were more likely to suffer from injuries, the most common being motor-vehicle traffic crashes. Significant differences in the rate of deaths and nonfatal hospitalizations by race/ethnicity were more common due to injuries and violence than chronic diseases. Conclusions: This study highlighted key findings of demographic differences in consequences suffered by excessive alcohol use in California. Continued efforts to better evaluate the contribution of alcohol to morbidity and mortality by demographic factors, especially by race and ethnicity, is warranted to prevent and reduce the harm associated with this behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document