Political Exclusion, Oil, and Ethnic Armed Conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Asal ◽  
Michael Findley ◽  
James A. Piazza ◽  
James Igoe Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Why do members of some ethnic groups rebel against the state? One approach holds that groups subject to exclusion from national politics engage in armed conflict. We theorize that the presence of resource wealth moderates the effect of political exclusion. Ethnic groups subject to exclusion whose settlement area includes oil wealth are more likely to experience the onset of armed conflict than groups experiencing exclusion alone. We depart from the convention of cross-national analysis to examine subnational, geocoded units of analysis—ethnic group settlement areas—to better capture the impact of natural resource distribution. Using data on ethnic group political exclusion derived from the Ethnic Power Relations database and geo-coded indicators, we conduct a series of logistic regression analyses for the years 1946 to 2005. We find that exclusion alone increase the likelihood of conflict, while the presence of oil wealth further raises the risk of war.

Ethnic political exclusion and terrorism: Analyzing the local conditions for violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holley E. Hansen ◽  
Stephen C. Nemeth ◽  
Jacob A. Mauslein
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Intergroup Competition ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Terrorist Violence

Previous work finds that countries that contain an excluded group are at higher risk of terrorism. However, there are good reasons to think that the impact of exclusion may be more likely to motivate ethnic violence when this exclusion is paired with local conditions that increase awareness of intergroup competition. In this study, we examine sub-national terrorist violence and find that areas that contain an excluded ethnic group are at higher risk of violence. Moreover, this risk is heightened by local population density, wealth, and country regime type.

Immigrant-Conscious Congregations: Race, Ethnicity, and the Rejection of Anti-Immigrant Frames

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 887-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khari Brown ◽  
Angela Kaiser ◽  
Lara Rusch ◽  
Ronald E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
National Politics ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Using data collected between 2004 and 2008 from the National Politics Studies, this study explores the impact of race on the likelihood of attending worship settings that provide supportive services for and preach sermons about immigrants. It also considers the degree to which attending such worship settings associate with the perceptions that Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics hold of immigrants. We find that while Hispanics are more likely than Whites and Blacks to attend such “immigrant-conscious” congregations, attending such congregations more strongly correlates with Whites rejecting anti-immigrant frames and accepting positive frames than is the case for Blacks and Hispanics.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY-BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF A CAREGIVER EDUCATION PROGRAM, REACH-TX: RACIAL-ETHNIC GROUP COMPARISON

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S440-S440
Author(s):  
Jinmyoung Cho ◽  
Donald R Smith ◽  
Alan B Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
African American Caregivers

Abstract We present the effect of racial/ethnic group difference on the impact of REACH TX on measures of quality of life as implemented by the Alzheimer’s Association North Central Texas Chapter. Five dimensions of quality of life (burden, depression, social support, self-care, and problem behaviors) were assessed at baseline and 6-month follow-up among three racial/ethnic groups of caregivers (White: 1,050; African American: 269; Hispanic: 176). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to assess racial/ethnic differences in the changes of quality of life after adjusting covariates. Significant interaction effects between racial/ethnic group and time (from baseline to follow-up) were found in burden, depression, and social support. White and Hispanic caregivers showed significant improvements, while the improvement among African American Caregivers was not statistically significant. The disparity in outcomes among diverse racial/ethnic groups in the program suggests the REACH TX intervention would benefit from tailoring interventions for African American caregivers.

scholarly journals Land of Hope and Land of the Lost: Study of Power Relations and Local Wisdom Ethnic Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Bartoven Vivit Nurdin ◽  
Damayanti Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Indigenous Lands ◽  
Destination Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper examines the marginalization of indigenous lands belonging to Lampung ethnic group and changes in power relations between Java and Lampung ethnic groups. Lampung has been the destination area of colonization since 1905 and was followed by transmigration of Javanese. The turnout of population from Java in Lampung was a part of the program of development distribution and poverty alleviation in Indonesia. The impact of the arrival of Javanese to Lampung is the marginalization of indigenous lands in Lampung. The lands in Lampung have been largely controlled by the new comers and the plantation companies growing in Lampung. The relationship between Javanese and Lampung ethnic groups has also given an effect to this marginalization. The research used qualitative method with ethnographic approach. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and participative observation. The results of this investigation indicate that the marginalization of land belonging to Lampung ethnic group occurs in such a way that not realized by the Lampungnese or may due to the change of the views of Lampungnese on the meaning of "power”. A power over a land has no longer described the real power, but the power in the political system and the local bureaucracy does. Lampung ethnic group also experienced extinction in the culture, except the identity of the "self-esteem" which has been actualized in form of power in local politics.

scholarly journals TRADITIONAL CULTURE CHANGES OF ETHNIC MINORITY IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION: A STUDY OF THE BA NA ETHNIC GROUP IN KON TUM PROVINCE, VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Thi Cuong
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Director

Kon Tum is a province located in an important geopolitical position, with 28 ethnic groups living together, of which 7 ethnic groups are local groups: Xo Dang, Ba Na, Gie Trieng, Gia rai, Brau , Ro Mam and Hre with many different cultural characteristics, [1, p.1]. A system of plentiful tangible and intangible cultural heritages bears the distinctive characteristics of the forest culture area, upland farming culture and gong culture. Mr. Koichiro Matsuura - General Director of UNESCO at the ceremony of announcing the Central Highlands Gong Culture, said: “I have enjoyed the very unique Vietnamese style of gong music and have also seen very unique musical instruments in the gong orchestra of ethnic groups in the Central Highlands. This is a very unique traditional culture of Vietnam. It's very wonderful and unique…” [5, p.1]. Nowadays, under the impact of socio-economic conditions, the exchange and integration increase; the culture of the Ba Na ethnic group is undergoing strong changes. We can easily see that, from the daily routines such as eating, clothing, accommodation, travel...to voice, customs and beliefs, as well as images, patterns... are changing. Through the process of researching and surveying ideas of artists, village elders and experts on the Ba Na ethnic group in Kon Tum province, we generalize the changes in traditional culture of the Ba Na ethnic group in Kon Tum province. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0726/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Birth outcomes in hard times among minority ethnic groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bertoli ◽  
Veronica Grembi ◽  
The Linh Bao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

AbstractCombining a unique dataset of birth records with municipal-level real estate information, we assess the impact of the 2008 recession on the health of immigrants’ newborns in Italy. Health at birth (e.g., low birth weight) of children born to immigrants deteriorated more than health at birth of children born to Italian natives. The negative effects on immigrants are not equally distributed across ethnicities, but rather are driven by the main economic activity of the ethnic group and its related network at the municipal level. Immigrants whose ethnic group is mainly employed in the sectors most affected during the recession suffered the most. Living in a municipality where their ethnic network is organized through more registered immigrant associations mitigates the recession hardship for immigrants. The characteristics of ethnic groups and their organization at the municipal level do not explain the heterogeneous effects on Italian newborns, which confirms the presence of network effects rather than neighborhood effects

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

Emic Perspectives on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Children's Mental Health in Northern Sri Lanka

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wietse Tol ◽  
Fiona Thomas ◽  
Anavarathan Vallipuram ◽  
Sambasivamoorthy Sivayokan ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Children’S Mental Health ◽  
Children's Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Valatheeswaran C.
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

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