Impact of Societal Culture on Covid-19 Morbidity and Mortality across Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110251
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Societal Culture ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
The Impact

Researchers have begun exploring the impact of societal culture on Covid-19 outcomes (morbidity and mortality). However, emerging findings need integration with prior literature on societal culture and infectious diseases. Moreover, accumulation of knowledge warrants an update while overcoming certain limitations of samples as well as construct validity concerns. Accordingly, hypotheses are derived based on extant evidence proposing the impact of certain cultural practices on Covid-19 outcomes across countries. These hypotheses are tested using the cultural practice scores from GLOBE studies after controlling for certain covariates identified in literature. Multiple regression results reveal that societal culture significantly explains Covid-19 outcomes beyond the explanation due to control variables. Specifically, power distance and institutional collectivism show negative association with both Covid-19 morbidity and mortality. Additionally, performance orientation shows negative association with Covid-19 morbidity. It appears that power distance may ensure conformity to prescribed behaviors and features of performance orientation may facilitate swift and effective containment of Covid-19 cases. The significance of institutional collectivism—but not in-group collectivism—emerging as the form of collectivism showing negative association with Covid-19 outcomes is also discussed.

INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL PRACTICES ON SOCIAL SUPPORT OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS' STARTUPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850007 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIANJIAO QIU
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism

Social support of female entrepreneurs' startups is critical for the sustainable development of female entrepreneurship in a country. This study empirically tests how nine cultural practices, including performance orientation, uncertainty avoidance, in-group collectivism, power distance, gender egalitarianism, humane orientation, institutional collectivism, future orientation and assertiveness, impact social support of female entrepreneurs' startups across different countries. For the period between 2009 and 2012, sixty-two countries were analyzed using longitudinal data with hierarchical linear modeling techniques. The empirical findings demonstrate three cultural practices (power distance, uncertainty avoidance and future orientation) play major roles in explaining the variation of social support of female entrepreneurs. In contrast, the effects of cultural practices of human orientation, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, assertiveness, gender egalitarianism and performance orientation are negligible. Further moderation tests show that a country's macroeconomic environment significantly moderates the relationship between the cultural practice of uncertainty avoidance and social support of female entrepreneurs' startups. The findings provide practical guidance to policymakers on how to develop robust ecosystems with strong cultural practices that enhance social support of female entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Impact of infectious diseases consultation on the outcome of patients with bacteraemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 204993611989357
Author(s):  
Patricia Jiménez-Aguilar ◽  
Luis Eduardo López-Cortés ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽  
The Impact

Bacteraemia or bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with much morbidity and mortality. Management of patients with bacteraemia is complex, and the increase in immunosuppressed patients and multidrug-resistant organisms poses additional challenges. The objective of this review is to assess the available published information about the impact of different aspects of management on the outcome of patients with BSI, and, specifically, the importance of infectious diseases specialists (IDS) consultation. The impact of management by IDS on different aspects, including interpretation of newer rapid techniques, early evaluation and treatment, and follow up, are reviewed. Overall, the available data suggest that IDS intervention improves the management and outcome of patients with BSI, either through consultation or structured unsolicited interventions in the context of multidisciplinary bacteraemia programmes.

scholarly journals The differential impact of societal cultural practices on part-time and full-time self-employment: A multi-level, multi-country study

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joern Block ◽  
Andreas Landgraf ◽  
Thorsten Semrau
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Societal Culture ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Multi Level

This article illustrates the differential impact of societal culture on the probability that individuals will choose to become self-employed on a full- or part-time basis. Specifically, we develop theoretical arguments to suggest that societal-level uncertainty avoidance, institutional collectivism, performance orientation, and future orientation differ in their effects on the propensity for individuals to engage in full- or part-time self-employment. Multi-level analyses based on data from 28,157 individuals in 27 countries support our theoretical reasoning. Our study contributes to extending knowledge both on the link between societal culture and self-employment activity and on the drivers of full-time versus part-time self-employment.

scholarly journals Role of Training in Transferring Rice Production Technologies to Farm Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
AKMS Islam ◽  
MJ Kabir ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
MAA Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Farmers' knowledge gap in modern rice cultural practice is the main cause of the existing yield gap in Bangladesh. Thus, this paper delineates; (i) the level of farmers’ knowledge gap; (ii) assesses the impact of training on changes in the farmers' skills, knowledge as well as technology adoption, and crop performance. Finally propose an approach for improving farmers’ skills on modern rice cultural practices through fruitful training. Secondary data, in particular, journal articles were reviewed and analyzed in the paper. From the analysis, we found that majority of the farmers (85%) belong to the medium level of the overall knowledge gap category. There was a significant increase in the knowledge and skills of farmers after undertaking the training. As a result, the rice yield of trained progressive farmers increased to 4.7 t ha-1 in 2012 from 3.1 t ha-1 in 2008. However, the rice yield of ordinary trained farmers increased to 3.7 t ha-1 in 2012 from around 2.6 t ha-1 in 2008. The traditional extension approach was less efficacious to improve farmers' knowledge gap and disseminate the rice production technologies to the farm level. Therefore, strengthening BRRI's capacity to provide seed to seed training to most of the DAE personnel to upgrade their skills on modern rice technologies is critically important. Besides, demonstrations based farmers training might be highly productive in transferring modern rice production technologies to the farmers. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 111-120, 2021

The impact of FGM on Shangani women in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Darlington Mutanda ◽  
Howard Rukondo
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Secondary Material ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) in the context of gender and HIV/AIDS among the Shangani people in Zimbabwe. Broadly, the discussion ais to fcus on how FGM has been used as tool to maintain the subordinate position of women in the Shangani community. Design/methodology/approach – In addition to secondary material, the paper hugely benefited from interviews with Shangani women in order to appreciate the challenges of eradicating FGM in their society. The sources pointed to the fact that in addition to being exploitative, FGM has no direct health benefits to women. Findings – The paper confirms that eliminating FGM is difficult because it is deeply entrenched in the patriarchal establishment of the Shangani society. As a result of the patriarchal nature of the society, women find themselves subjected to positions of powerlessness as compared to their male counterparts. Originality/value – The paper confirms that FGM is a widespread practice in many African communities including Zimbabwe. As communities grapple with the challenges of eradicating or minimising the practice, it is important in the meantime to modernise cultural practices like FGM as a way of doing away with the spreading of HIV/AIDS. Indonesia has already taken that route. FGM as a cultural practice exposes young women to HIV infection because of blood conduct.

Culture in Angola: insights for human resources management

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rita Silva ◽  
Helena Cristina Roque ◽  
António Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
And Performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the cultural values – how things should be – and the cultural practices – how things are – of Angolan society. The authors expected to find: a gap between practices and values; high levels of power distance, institutional and in-group collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, future and humane orientation; and low to medium levels of performance orientation, gender equality and assertiveness. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 235 employees in Angola responded to a questionnaire using GLOBE’s cultural scales. Findings – There is a gap between cultural practices and values. Within Angola, humane and performance orientations are the most valued cultural dimensions. Power distance and in-group collectivism are the most prevailing cultural practices. Compared to other countries, Angola has high levels of humane orientation, institutional collectivism and uncertainty avoidance values and high levels of assertiveness and performance orientation practices. Practical implications – Higher than desired levels of assertiveness and power distance, on the one hand, and lower than desired levels of humane orientation and uncertainty avoidance on the other, are key aspects that should be taken into account by HRM in this context. Originality/value – These results may have important implications for HRM in Angola. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of Angola’s culture from a business research perspective.

Awareness of symptomatic differences Covid-19, SARS, Swine Flu, Common cold among dental students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033
Author(s):  
Nivedha Valliammai Mahalingam ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Kavitha S
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, Swine Flu in the past. Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. The aim of the current study is to assess the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu and common cold among dental students that support the prevention of emergence or re-emergence. Cross-sectional type of study conducted among the undergraduate students comprising 100 Subjects. A questionnaire comprising 15 questions in total were framed, and responses were collected in Google forms in SPSS Software statistical analysis. The study has concluded that dental students have an awareness of the symptomatic differences between infectious viral disease. The study concluded that the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu, Common cold is good among the dental students who would pave the way for early diagnosis and avoid spreading of such diseases. A further awareness can be created by regular webinars, seminars and brainstorming sessions among these healthcare professionals.

Has Aid Helped in Pakistan?

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This paper has a two-fold objective: first, to examine the terms on which Pakistan receives aid and whether its debt situation is sustainable, and second, to examine the impact of aid and debt on economic growth. It is found that there is little encouraging that can be said about how the terms on which Pakistan has received aid over time have changed, and its current debt situation is not sustainable. Also reported is the analysis done elsewhere which shows that aid has a negative (Granger) causal impact on GDP, and aid has a robust negative impact on economic growth after controlling for supplyside shocks. We provide various reasons for this negative association.

A Qualitative Study Exploring Harmful Cultural Practices and HIV Stigma in North Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Bala Augustine Nalah ◽  
Azlinda Azman ◽  
Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
North Central ◽  
Harmful Cultural Practices

Harmful cultural practices have psychosocial implications on stigmatization and vulnerability to HIV infection among HIV positive living in North Central Nigeria. To understand this, we conducted qualitative interviews with purposively selected 20 diagnosed HIV positive to explore how culture influences stigmatization and HIV transmission. Data was collected using audio-recorder, transcribed, and analyzed through thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti8 software to code and analyze interview transcripts. The coded data were presented using thematic network analysis to visualize the theme, sub-themes, and quotations in a model. The findings reveal that lack of education was a significant determinant for the continual practice of harmful cultural rites, thereby increasing the risk of HIV infection and stigmatization. Hence, six cultural facilitators have been identified to include female genital mutilation, lack of education, tribal marks and scarification, postpartum sexual abstinence during breastfeeding, sexual intercourse during menstruation, and gender inequality, polygamy, and inheritance law. We conclude that educational teachings and advocacy campaigns be organized in rural schools and public places on the implications of harmful cultural practice to health and psychological well-being. We recommend that the social workers and behavioral scientists should collaborate with other agencies to employ a behavioral-based intervention in eliminating cultural practices and HIV stigma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document