Biomineralization of Dental Tissues Treated with Silver Diamine Fluoride

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110268
Author(s):  
R.M. Sulyanto ◽  
M. Kang ◽  
S. Srirangapatanam ◽  
M. Berger ◽  
F. Candamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Tertiary Dentin ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Particles

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a dental biomaterial used to arrest dental caries. To better understand SDF’s mechanism of action, we examined the localization of silver within the tissues of SDF-treated teeth. Carious primary teeth fixed within 2 min of SDF application (SDF-minutes, n = 3), at 3 wk after SDF application in vivo (SDF-weeks, n = 4), and at 2 y after multiple SDF applications in vivo (SDF-multiple, n = 1) were investigated in this study. Carious primary teeth without SDF application (no-SDF, n = 3) served as controls. Mineral density and structural analyses were performed via micro–X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Elemental analyses were performed through X-ray fluorescence microprobe and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic techniques. SDF-treated teeth revealed higher X-ray–attenuated surface and subsurface regions within carious lesions, and similar regions were not present in no-SDF teeth. Regions of higher mineral density correlated with regions of silver abundance in SDF-treated teeth. The SDF penetration depth was approximated to 0.5 ± 0.02 mm and 0.6 ± 0.05 mm (mean ± SD) for SDF-minutes and SDF-weeks specimens, respectively. A higher percentage of dentin tubular occlusion by silver or calcium phosphate particles was observed in primary teeth treated with SDF-weeks as compared with SDF-minutes. Elemental analysis also revealed zinc abundance in carious lesions and around the pulp chamber. SDF-weeks teeth had significantly increased tertiary dentin than SDF-minutes and no-SDF teeth. These results suggest that SDF treatment on primary teeth affected by caries promotes pathologic biomineralization by altering their physicochemical properties, occluding dentin tubules, and increasing tertiary dentin volume. These seemingly serendipitous effects collectively contribute to the cariostatic activity of SDF.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Densities and Mechanical Properties of Retrieved Femoral Bone Samples in relation to Bone Mineral Densities Measured in the Respective Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Haba ◽  
Ralf Skripitz ◽  
Tobias Lindner ◽  
Martin Köckerling ◽  
Andreas Fritsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray

The bone mineral density (BMD) of retrieved cancellous bone samples is compared to the BMD measuredin vivoin the respective osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, mechanical properties, in terms of structural modulus (Es) and ultimate compression strength (σmax) of the bone samples, are correlated to BMD data. Human femoral heads were retrieved from 13 osteoarthritic patients undergoing total hip replacement. Subsequently, the BMD of each bone sample was analysed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as well as ashing. Furthermore, BMDs of the proximal femur were analysed preoperatively in the respective patients by DXA. BMDs of the femoral neck and head showed a wide variation, from1016±166 mg/cm2to1376±404 mg/cm2. BMDs of the bone samples measured by DXA and ashing yielded values of315±199 mg/cm2and347±113 mg/cm3, respectively.Esandσmaxamounted to232±151 N/mm2and6.4±3.7 N/mm2. Significant correlation was found between the DXA and ashing data on the bone samples and the DXA data from the patients at the femoral head (r=0.85and 0.79, resp.).Escorrelated significantly with BMD in the patients and bone samples as well as the ashing data (r=0.79,r=0.82, andr=0.8, resp.).

scholarly journals Studies on the development of the claws in new born calves of different breeds and crossbreds using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
S. Nüske ◽  
J. Hampe ◽  
A. M. Scholz ◽  
M. Förster
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Different Genetic Background

Abstract. This study evaluated claw development in 199 calves of different genetic background during the first 70 days of life. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was found to be a useful tool for this purpose. By the means of DXA, in humans as in animals, body constitution and composition can be examined in vivo. Thus, the whole body or body regions can be analyzed for the content of fat tissue, lean tissue, bone mineral content and bone mineral density. Large differences in claw parameters were observed, depending on the position of the claws, sex and breed, including interaction effects between gender and breeds. In all four pairs of claws, the medial claws had significantly higher contents of bone mineral than the lateral claws. All fore claws had a higher density than hind claws. Male calves showed significantly higher values than females in all measured parameters. Comparing breeds and crossbreds, pure German Holsteins had the lowest values in all parameters with exception of the R-value. Within breeds/crossbreds and gender various interactions could be found. Calves of first lactation cows had lower values than calves of elder cows. Calves with a small birth weight and calves originating of a multiple birth had significantly lower values of the scanned parameters than calves with higher birth weight or monoparous calves.

scholarly journals “It’s really no more difficult than putting on fluoride varnish”: A qualitative exploration of dental professionals’ views of silver diamine fluoride for the management of carious lesions in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassar Seifo ◽  
Heather Cassie ◽  
John Radford ◽  
Nicola Innes
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dental Professionals

Abstract Background: Despite evidence that Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) can be effective in managing carious lesions in primary teeth, there is still limited use the UK. This study explored dental professionals’ views and experiences of using SDF for managing carious lesions in children. In addition, it explored what they perceived to be the advantages, disadvantages, barriers and enablers to the use of SDF in practice.Methods: Fifteen semi-structured face-to-face or over-the-phone interviews were conducted with 14 dental professionals from NHS Tayside and NHS Grampian in Scotland. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using a framework approach.Results: Thirteen of 14 dental professionals interviewed were familiar with, or had some existing knowledge of, SDF. Four had used it to treat patients. The majority of participants thought that the main advantage of SDF was that it required minimal patient cooperation. Silver diamine fluoride was also perceived as a simple, pain-free and non-invasive treatment approach that could help acclimatise children to the dental environment. However, SDF-induced black staining of arrested carious lesions was most commonly reported as the main disadvantage and greatest barrier to using it in practice. Participants believed that this discolouration would concern some parents who may fear that the black appearance may instigate bullying at school and that others may judge parents as neglecting their child’s oral health. Participants thought that education of clinicians about SDF use and information sheets for parents would enhance the uptake of SDF in dental practice. Participants believed that younger children might not be as bothered by the discolouration as older ones and they anticipated greater acceptance of SDF for posterior primary teeth by both parents and children.Conclusion: Dental professionals were aware that SDF can be used for arresting carious lesions. They pointed out that the staining effect of carious lesions is a major disadvantage that could be a barrier for many parents. Participants considered the application process to be simple and non-invasive and requires a minimum level of child’s cooperation. Participants appreciated the potentials of SDF in paediatric dentistry and suggested actions that could help overcome the barriers they highlighted.

scholarly journals “It’s really no more difficult than putting on fluoride varnish”: A qualitative exploration of dental professionals’ views of silver diamine fluoride for the management of carious lesions in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassar Seifo ◽  
Heather Cassie ◽  
John Radford ◽  
Nicola Innes
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Patient Cooperation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dental Professionals

Abstract BackgroundDespite evidence that Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) can be effective in managing carious lesions in primary teeth, the use of SDF in the UK remains limited. This study explored dental professionals’ views and experiences of using SDF for managing carious lesions in children. In addition, it explored what they perceived to be the advantages, disadvantages, barriers and enablers to the use of SDF in practice.MethodsFifteen semi-structured face-to-face or over-the-phone interviews were conducted with 14 dental professionals from NHS Tayside and NHS Grampian in Scotland. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsThirteen of 14 dental professionals interviewed were familiar with, or had some existing knowledge of, SDF. Four had used it to treat patients. The majority of participants thought that the main advantage of SDF was that it required minimal patient cooperation. SDF was also perceived as a simple, pain-free and non-invasive treatment approach that could help acclimatise children to the dental environment. However, SDF-induced black staining of arrested carious lesions was most commonly reported as the main disadvantage and greatest barrier to using it in practice. Participants believed that this discolouration would concern some parents who may fear that the black appearance may instigate bullying at school and that others may judge parents as neglecting their child’s oral health. Participants thought that education of clinicians about SDF use and information sheets for parents would enhance the uptake of SDF in dental practice. Participants believed that younger children might not be as bothered by the discolouration as older ones and they anticipated greater acceptance of SDF for posterior primary teeth by both parents and children.ConclusionDental professionals were aware that SDF can be used for arresting carious lesions. They pointed out that the staining effect of carious lesions is a major disadvantage that could be a barrier for many parents. Participants considered the application process to be simple and non-invasive and requires a minimum level of child cooperation. Participants appreciated the potential of SDF in paediatric dentistry and suggested actions that could help overcome the barriers they highlighted.

scholarly journals Conjugation of Penicillin-G with Silver(I) Ions Expands Its Antimicrobial Activity against Gram Negative Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Ketikidis ◽  
Christina N. Banti ◽  
Nikolaos Kourkoumelis ◽  
Constantinos G. Tsiafoulis ◽  
Christina Papachristodoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Conjugation of penicillin G (PenH) with silver(I) ions forms a new CoMeD (conjugate of metal with a drug) with formula [Ag(pen)(CH3OH)]2 (PenAg). PenAg was characterized by a plethora of physical and spectroscopic techniques, which include in the solid state m.p.; elemental analysis; X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); FT-IR; and in solution: attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR-ATR), UV–Vis, 1H NMR, and atomic absorption (AA). The structure of PenAg was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Silver(I) ions coordinate to the carboxylic group of PenH, while secondary intra-molecular interactions are developed through (i) the nitrogen atom of the amide group in MeOD-d4 or (ii) the sulfur atom in the thietane ring in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO-d6. The antibacterial activities of PenAg and the sodium salt of penicillin (PenNa) (the formulation which is clinically used) against Gram positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeuroginosa PAO1)) bacteria were evaluated by the means of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and inhibition zone (IZ). PenAg inhibits the growth of the Gram negative bacterial strain P. aeuroginosa with a MIC value of 23.00 ± 2.29 μM, in contrast to PenNa, which shows no such activity (>2 mM). The corresponding antimicrobial activities of PenAg against the Gram positive bacteria S. epidermidis and S. aureus are even better than those of PenNa. Moreover, PenAg exhibits no in vivo toxicity against Artemia salina at concentration up to 300 μΜ. The wide therapeutic window and the low toxicity, make PenAg a possible candidate for the development of a new antibiotic.

Microstructure of Mineralized Tissues in Human Primary Teeth

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
HC Ruschel ◽  
GD Ligocki ◽  
DL Flaminghi ◽  
ACM Fossati
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Dental Attrition ◽  
Tertiary Dentin ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Distal Direction

The aim of this study was to analyze the structural characteristics of the mineralized dental tissues - enamel,dentin and cementum - in primary teeth and to correlate the histological aspects observed in function of the dental type – single-rooted or multi-rooted. Method: Eighteen human primary noncarious teeth were sectioned in facial-lingual (single-rooted) and mesio-distal direction (multi-rooted). One to three samples from each tooth were obtained. The samples were prepared by the ground technique and analyzed under light microscopy at different magnifications. A quantitative and descriptive analysis of the morphology of the mineralized tissues was performed. Results: Spindles, tufts and lamellae were consistently observed mainly in the occlusal surface of the primary molars. The scalloped pattern of the dentinoenamel junction was not always present. The same was seen for zones of interglobular dentin. Dead tracts in dentin and tertiary dentin were observed mainly in single-rooted teeth below areas of dental attrition. Areas of cellular and acellular cementum were observed in the two dental types. Conclusions: Primary teeth have some structural peculiarities and these should be investigated concerning the clinical repercussion.

scholarly journals Comparison of a GE Lunar DPX-IQ and a Norland XR-26 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner for body composition measurements in pigs – <i>in vivo</i>

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lösel ◽  
P. Kremer ◽  
E. Albrecht ◽  
A. M. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. In the context of future growth and performance testing, this study compares corresponding body composition results measured by two dual energy X-ray absorptiometry systems. To test the capability of each device to detect differences among experimental groups widely varying in body composition, 77 pigs from 6 purebred/crossbred groups were used for the experiment. Each pig was scanned consecutively on a Norland XR-26 and on a GE Lunar DPX-IQ. Coefficients of determination were: R²=0.92 for bone mineral content (BMC), R²=0.90 for bone mineral density (BMD), R²=0.94 for lean mass (LEAN), R²=0.92 for fat mass (FAT), R²=0.88 for lean percentage (%LEAN) and fat percentage (%FAT). However, Norland yielded larger values for %FAT and smaller values for %LEAN, BMC, and BMD than Lunar (P<0.001) with the extent of deviation depending on the specific trait and on the breeding group. The deviation in BMC was greater than the deviation in BMD, suggesting different bone detecting algorithms. Both systems revealed similar differences among the breeding groups, and ranked them in the same order based on numerical values. Differences in calibration, bone detection, and software algorithms, however, require a prior crosscalibration to make the body composition data from both systems directly comparable. Finally, they can be used across research centres for the determination of relative and absolute body composition differences among animal groups and individuals.

Elastic Modulus and Mineral Density of Dentine and Enamel in Natural Caries Lesions

2005 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanpreet K. Bembey ◽  
Michelle L. Oyen ◽  
Ching-Chang Ko ◽  
Andrew J. Bushby ◽  
Alan Boyde
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Phase Connectivity ◽  
Composite Mechanics

AbstractDental tissues have been reported to show a considerable decrease in both their mineral content and mechanical properties in carious lesions. The changed properties of dentine and enamel have been shown to be dependent on crystal size and not only mineral content [1], although the connectivity between the mineral crystals has been overlooked. Teeth with carious lesions were sectioned, embedded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and diamond polished. Nanoindentation and quantitative backscattered electron imaging were used to determine relationships between the elastic modulus and mineral density of sound and carious regions within dentine and enamel. The changes in elastic modulus with decreased mineralization for dentine and enamel could not be explained by simple composite mechanics expressions relating elastic modulus and mineral volume fraction. Finite element modeling of dentine and enamel as a two-phase composite material at the ultrastructure level were used to demonstrate how changes in the mineral phase connectivity can produce changes in the elastic modulus. Tissue models for enamel, in which the mineral phase is both the major component of the structure (∼ 85% by volume) and highly interconnected, were consistent with the modulus of sound enamel. The drastic change in enamel modulus with a relatively small change in mineral volume fraction could be modeled as a decrease in mineral phase connectivity at nearly constant volume fraction. The more gradual trend in the dentine data was also consistent with a structure that is initially highly connected in the mineral phase, consistent with the known structure of dentine, and for which the change in modulus is more directly related to changes in mineral content than mineral connectivity.

In Vivo Analysis of Lipid-Protein Ratios in Human Muscle by Differential X-Ray Absorption Using 109Cd Photons

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther E. Preuss ◽  
Frank P. Bolin
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Ether Lipid ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Electron Capture Decay ◽  
Transmitted Radiation ◽  
X Ray

AbstractTissue's two major components: lipid and protein, are of a primary importance, related as they are to the normal life states. Assay of protein and lipid (fat and lean) in vivo is of certain criticality in human disease states, such as wasting, edema, obesity and other dyscrasias involving body mass and fat-lean balance. Since the elemental composition of lipid and protein molecules differ in a significant and regular fashion, their mass absorption coefficients differ when radiation in the x-ray and lower energy gamma ray region is used. Two monochromatic photons, one in the 20 to 30 keV region, another in the 60 to 100 keV region, can be shown to exhibit an absorption ratio in a two component system of fat and lean which provides for a determination of the component mass ratios. Photons from x-ray machines and isotopic x- and gamma ray sources have been proposed for this. The radionuclide offers qualities of stability, small size and weight, portability, zero power consumption and, generally, a certain economy. The electron capture decay of 109Cd provides a gamma ray at 88 kilovolts and a daughter (Ag) Kα doublet at 22 keV. This fortuitous energy combination is advantageous in this differential absorptiometry. The 109Cd source provides for a stable geometry and calls for the simultaneous measurement of both photons by non-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic techniques. Ten mCi of 109Cd was incorporated into a sealed source, filtered for the silver Kβ1 x-ray (at 24. 942 keV) with 0. 1 mm palladium and collimated with a grazing aperture arrangement. Fat-lean tissue simulating standard samples three cm to ten cm in length and of various component ratios were studied. Component weight percent was determined using a function of the transmitted radiation. Determinations on water (the lean simulator) and polyethylene (the fat Simulator) as well as other materials produced absorption ratios concurring favorably with the known make-up of the Simulators.In vitro dual beam analysis of muscle tissue samples showed a high degree of correlation with the results of ether lipid extractions. Using lipid extraction values as the standard, the x-ray absorptiometric technique produced percentage lipid levels averaging within 0. 5% of the extractions.In vivo measurements of fat content of the triceps muscle area were compared with skinfold thickness measurements of the same area. Coefficient of correlation was 0. 88.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document