Increased Wall-to-Wall Curing Contraction in Thin Bonded Resin Layers

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Feilzer ◽  
A.J. De Gee ◽  
C.L. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Polymerization Shrinkage ◽  
A Value ◽  
Set Up

Wall-to-wall (WTW) polymerization contraction of filled and unfilled chemically and photo-initiated resins was studied in relation to the WTW distance. In an experimental set-up, the resins were bonded to two opposing disks, and the axial (WTW) displacement resulting from the polymerization shrinkage was measured continuously. It was found that the WTW contraction increased with decreasing WTW distance and ultimately reached a value of almost three times the linear polymerization shrinkage.

scholarly journals Carbaryl Photochemical Degradation on Soil Model Surfaces

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Siampiringue ◽  
Rajae Chahboune ◽  
Pascal Wong-Wah-Chung ◽  
Mohamed Sarakha
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
A Value ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Set Up

The phototransformation of carbaryl was investigated upon solar light exposure on three surfaces, silica, kaolin and sand, as soil models. By excitation with a Suntest set up at the surface of the three solid supports, the degradation of carbaryl followed first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.10 h−1. By using the Kubelka Munk model, the quantum yield disappearance at the surface of kaolin was evaluated to 2.4 × 10−3. Such a value is roughly one order of magnitude higher than that obtained in aqueous solutions. The results indicated that the particle size and the specific surface area of the various models have significant effects. The photo-oxidative properties as well as the byproduct elucidation by liquid chromatography combined with diode arrays (LC-DAD) and liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses allowed us to propose the degradation mechanism pathways. The main products were 1-naphtol and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, which arise from a photo-oxidation process together with products from photo-Fries, photo-ejection and methyl carbamate hydrolysis. The toxicity tests clearly showed a significant decrease of the toxicity in the early stages of the irradiation. This clearly shows that the generated products are less toxic than the parent compound.

scholarly journals Evaluation passenger car unit for motorcycle in Indonesia Highway Capacity Manual (Case study: Bandung and Semarang)

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Najid
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Density ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Passenger Car Unit ◽  
Set Up

Value of Passenger Car Unit or commonly known as PCU value is a value that is given to any vehicle that is classified into heavy vehicles, light vehicles (passenger car) and motorcycles. The value of passenger car unit on Indonesia Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM) set up in 1997 is based on a study conducted from 1980-1990 in several cities in Indonesia At the time of the study, the traffic conditions are very different to the current traffic conditions. That affects of difference traffic conditions are the composition of traffic, traffic regulations, traffic density, traffic discipline and the presence of mass transit, so that the results of traffic analysis do not always correspond to reality as there are anomalies in the determination of the level of road service (Najid, 2014). As well the incompatibility of the capacity value which is considered due to the incompatibility value of Passenger Car Units (PCU). Evaluation PCU become very important to get the value of traffic parameters into compliance with actually occur. In accordance with the traffic density is higher actually, then it is necessary to study for evaluation against PCU current value and the need to approach or to get the value of PCU more in line with current traffic conditions. Data collected at two cities, those are Bandung and Semarang. Based on analysis found PCU’s value that got from survey have difference but not all significantly with PCU value in IHCM.

Dynamics of Buried Polymer -polymer Interfaces in Thin Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Lurio ◽  
Xuesong Hu ◽  
Suresh Narayanan ◽  
Xuesong Jiao ◽  
Jyotsana Lal
Keyword(s):  
Standing Wave ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymer Interface ◽  
A Value ◽  
Vacuum Interface ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTWe have performed x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements on a polymer-bilayer system comprised of 100 nm polystyrene film on top of an 80 nm polybromostyrene film, supported on a Si substrate. In order to distinguish the dynamics at the top interface from that at the polymer-polymer interface we have performed the measurement at grazing incidence. In this geometry, a standing wave is set up in the film. We derive a relation for the intensity of the standing wave and the resulting diffuse scattering. This model is compared with the measured diffuse scattering from which we extract a value of 0.7±0.4 dyne/cm for the surface tension between PS and PBrS at 180C. XPCS was then measured in each of two standing wave conditions, first where diffuse scattering only occurs at the polymer-vacuum interface and then where it only occurs at the interior polymer-polymer interface. The measured time correlation functions for each of the two interfaces show clear differences, with the polymer-polymer interface exhibiting much slower dynamics.

scholarly journals The energy involved in the electric change in muscle and nerve

1921 ◽  
Vol 92 (645) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Negative Potential ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
External Circuit ◽  
A Value ◽  
Lower Curve ◽  
Set Up

Considerable electromotive forces are produced by the activity of excited muscles or nerves—up to three or four hundredths of a volt—and it was conceivable that an appreciable amount of energy might be involved in the currents set up in the tissue by them. This paper contains an examination of the question. In fig. 1 is shown a nerve fibre, on which rest electrodes (not shown) connected to an electrometer or galvanometer. Along the outside of the fibre is travelling, from right to left, a wave of negative potential, which velocity a cm. per second, having at any point distant x cm. along the nerve, and at time t seconds, a value y volts, as recorded on the electrometer, and shown (after the appropriate analysis) in the lower curve of the figure. We are not concerned here with the cause of this electromotive change, nor with what happens inside the fibre, but only with the physical results of it in an external circuit.

scholarly journals FORMING A PERCEIVED FRANCHISE VALUE: THEORETICAL INSIGHTS / FRANŠIZĖS SUVOKIAMOS VERTĖS FORMAVIMAS: TEORINĖS ĮŽVALGOS

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Levickaitė ◽  
Ramojus Reimeris
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Service Business ◽  
Academic Society ◽  
A Value ◽  
Franchise Value ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
Managerial Experience

The article is based on literature review, theoretical insights and deals with the topic of perceived franchise value. The objective of the paper is – what elements form the franchisee‘s perceived value in service business (comparing with alternative of own business model). The aim of the paper is to propose systematic value elements in the process of forming a value of a franchise business model perceived by the franchisee. In terms of practical meaning, this article should be relevant to entrepreneurs, company owners, and future entrepreneurs planning to set up their own business, but lacking the managerial experience. The scientific value of the paper is theoretical insights analyzing franchise, which has not been thoroughly analyzed in the Lithuanian academic society, and the formation of a perceived franchise value, which has not been analyzed at all. This is the second of three authors’ articles of franchise series.

Analysis of the Co-Generation Potential of a 5 kW PEMFC From Experimentally Determined Performance Data

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Do Val ◽  
A. F. Orlando ◽  
C. E. R. Siqueira ◽  
J. Oexmann
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a reformer has been installed and tested at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Brazil, aiming the experimental determination of its performance and co-generation potential to increase the fuel chemical energy usage. The unit uses a fuel processor to convert energy from natural gas into hydrogen rich reformate. The fuel cell is totally instrumented, supplying data for calculating the overall system efficiency (total efficiency), reformer efficiency, stack efficiency, conversion efficiency (DC/AC), and co-generation potential, at previously set up output powers of 2,5 kW and 4 kW. The paper details the equations required for calculating the parameters, both theoretically, from thermodynamics and electrochemics points of view, and experimentally, from mass and energy balances, comparing the results. Steady state data were taken at 13 different days, resulting in reformer, stack, conversion and total average efficiencies, together with the calculated standard deviation. It was also found that the energy loss in the reformer and in the stack are approximately the same. The co-generation potential was estimated by calculating the heat rejected by the stack and the heat rejected in the reformer, giving a value of 67,5% and 68,9%, respectively for 2,5 kW and 4 kW. Therefore, co-generation can substantially reduce the fuel cell energy cost, and thus increasing the feasibility of its use.

Buckling at the Top of a Fluid-Filled Tank During Base Excitation

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Natsiavas ◽  
C. D. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Computer Code ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Linear Combinations ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
System Equations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
General Dynamic

An explanation is provided for the earthquake-induced damage observed at the top of liquid storage tanks. An analysis is developed and the results are compared with experimental work. The basic steps of the analysis, which is developed for the general dynamic response of fluid-filled tanks under horizontal ground excitation, are first presented. In this analysis, the structural displacements are expanded in appropriate series forms which involve both rigid body and flexible components. The latter components are expressed as linear combinations of terms, each of which is a product of a function with assumed spatial dependence and an unknown time-dependent function. These time functions are then determined from the solution of the fluid/structure system equations, which are set up by employing Hamilton’s principle. In the present work, results are obtained and compared with model tests carried out at Caltech, during which buckling was observed at the top of the tank under a known base excitation history. Computing analytically the corresponding pressure distribution and using the BOSOR computer code for the buckling computations, a value for the amplitude of the ground acceleration which results in buckling at the top of the tank is calculated. Good correlation with the test work is obtained.

scholarly journals Az optimális ár meghatározásának módszere az értékteremtés szolgálatában (The method of determining the optimal price for the service of value creation)

2015 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Car Market ◽  
A Value ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Economic Tools

A tanulmány a mikroökonómia eszközrendszerét és a hazai gépjárműpiac 2013-as adatait segítségül hívva egy új módszert mutat be az ármeghatározás területén. A kutatás központi kérdése az, hogy hol található az a pont, amikor a fogyasztó elégedett a kínált minőséggel és árral – lehetőleg megfelelő időben – és a vállalat is elégedett a megszerzett profittal. A tanulmányban tehát az ármeghatározás során központi szerepet játszik a minőség és az idő, mint értékteremtő funkció. Az elemzés egyik legfőbb következtetése, hogy a profitmaximumból levezetett optimális ár a minőség és az idő különböző paraméterei mellett meghatározható. A módszer segítségével a vállalatok közgazdasági eszközrendszer segítségével kapnak egy új szemléletet működési paramétereik és egyben versenyprioritásaik (ár, költség, minőségszint, idő) felállításához. _____ The study points to a new method for determining price with the tools of microeconomics and data of the Hungarian car market. The focus of the research is on where to find the point where the consumer is satisfied with the quality and price offered – preferably right time – and the company is satisfied with the profit achieved. In this study, therefore, in setting prices plays a central role the quality and time as a value-added feature. One of the main conclusions of the analysis is that the optimal price can be determined by various parameters of the quality and time. The method of using the economic tools help companies get a new perspective and to set up their optimal operating parameters (price, cost, quality level, time).

Incidents of Sexual Harassment at Educational Institutions in India: Preventive Measures and Grievance Handling

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Aligi Srikanth
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Set Up

Building up of a value based work culture is expected to be inherent in every educational setting. The emphasis of this research paper is to set up a preventive measure and fair procedure to develop a better and reliable organisational culture in educational institutions, free from issues of sexual harassment and exploitation. In doing so this paper will look at the recent developments in the arena of sexual harassment, the mandatory legal requirements for implementing policy that act as deterrent to and safeguard victim of sexual harassment at schools, colleges and universities. The paper highlights the imperatives that are vital for rendering executable and implementable policies, procedures and remedies. The research methodology adopted for this paper is doctrinal and sources of information are both primary and secondary which includes opinion and experience of women in educational institutions, reports and articles from books, newspapers, websites, case laws, etc. Various statute books and Bare Acts like the Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 and The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013 has also been referred for the study. Research attempted to understand the perception of women in educational institutions towards sexual harassment issues and identify the consequences and aftermath of incidents of sexual harassment at workplace. This paper suggests measures for effective implementation of Sexual Harassment Redressal forums in Educational Institutions as prescribed by law of land.

scholarly journals The mechanism of the oxygen electrode

1933 ◽  
Vol 142 (847) ◽  
pp. 628-646 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Thermodynamic Relation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Oxygen Electrodes ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Set Up

It is well known that the so-called "oxygen electrode" does not behave in a thermodynamically reversible manner. The decomposition voltage of water has been calculated thermodynamically from various calorimetric and solubility data by Lewis, Nernst and von Wartenberg, Brönsted and Lewis and Randall. The final critical value given by the last-named authors is 1.227 volt at 25ºC., which should therefore be the e. m. f. of a cell consisting of a reversible hydrogen electrode and a reversible oxygen electrode immersed in the same electrolyte, both gases being at 760 mm. pressure. In practice this value has never been obtained. Smale found that the e. m. f. of the hydrogen-oxygen cell, though independent of the p H of the electrolyte, was only 1.07-1.08 volt. Wilsmore obtained a value of 1.07 volt, rising to 1.12 volt if the cell were allowed to stand for stand for some days, while a similar result, 1.06 volt, was obtained by Crotogino. More recently, Richards has reported 0.979 volt, and Furman also obtains a value of about 0.98 volt. Since it is well established that the hydrogen electrode bahaves in a perfectly reversible manner in accord with thermodynamic laws, the discrepancy between the "theoretical" and experimental e. m. f. of the hydrogen-oxygen cell must have its origin in the oxygen electrode. It is in fact experimentally found that oxygen electrodes, whether set up with bright or plantinized plantium, ( a ) tend to be irreproducible, ( b ) do not obey the thermodynamic relation between electrode potential and partial pressure of oxygen, and ( c ) are readily polarized even by minute currents, thus failing to conform with any of the criteria of reversibility.

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