Association of War and Other Factors with Substance Use in a Lebanese Male Sample

Lebanon has been a conflict zone for a long period of time, with no sufficient data associating war to substance use disorder (SUD). The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with substance use among Lebanese patients who were exposed to war, either by participating in or witnessing it. A cross-sectional study, performed between June and December 2016, included 77 males. Thirty-five patients were taking substances, 22 of them had participated in war, 34 of them were member of an official organization, and 100% were males. No significant difference was found between war participation and SUD ( p = .611) either with the subtype of substances. This study showed that depression was associated with a higher substance use in persons exposed to war. Health care professionals should communicate more with patients to decrease substance use and decrease the risk factors associated with it.

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Factors associated with physical inactivity among female and male rural adolescents in Borneo – a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2013-0319 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 447-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Whye Lian Cheah ◽

Hazmi Helmy ◽

Ching Thon Chang

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Rural communities have shown marked increase in metabolic syndrome among young people, with physical inactivity as one of the main contributing factors. This study aimed to determine factors associated with physical inactivity among male and female rural adolescents in a sample of schools in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 145 students aged 13–15 years. Data on socio-demographic, health-related, and psychosocial factors (perceived barriers, self-efficacy, social influences) were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement was taken to generate body mass index (BMI)-for-age, while physical activity (PA) level was assessed using pedometers. The mean steps per day was 6251.37 (SD=3085.31) with males reported as being more active. About 27% of the respondents were either overweight or obese, with more females in this group. There was no significant difference in steps among males and females (p=0.212), and nutritional status (BMI-for-age) (p=0.439). Females consistently scored higher in most items under perceived barriers, but had significantly lower scores in self-efficacy’s items. Males were more influenced by peers in terms of PA (p<0.001) and were more satisfied with their body parts (p=0.047). A significantly higher body size discrepancy score was found among females (p=0.034, CI –0.639, –0.026). PA level was low and almost one-third of the respondents were overweight and obese. Female students faced more barriers and had lower self-efficacy with regards PA. Based on the findings, it is recommended that interventions focus on reducing barriers while increasing support for PA. This is particularly important in improving the health status of the youth, especially among the females.

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The Relationship between Mental Health with the Level of Empathy Among Medical Students in Southern Thailand: A University-Based Cross- Sectional Study

Siriraj Medical Journal ◽

10.33192/smj.2021.108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 832-840

Author(s):

Katti Sathaporn ◽

Jarurin Pitanupong

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Medical Students ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Level

Objective: To determine the level of and factors associated with empathy among medical students.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed all first- to sixth-year medical students at the Facultyof Medicines, Prince of Songkla University, at the end of the 2020 academic year. The questionnaires consisted of:1) The personal and demographic information questionnaire, 2) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, and 3) ThaiMental Health Indicator-15. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with empathylevel were assessed via chi-square and logistic regression analyses.Results: There were 1010 participants with response rate of 94%. Most of them were female (59%). More than half(54.9%) reported a high level of empathy. There was a statistically significant difference in empathy levels betweenpre-clinical and clinical medical students; in regards to empathy subgroups (P-value < 0.001). The assessment ofemotional states in others by demonstrating appropriate sensitivity behavior, altruism, and empathic respondingscores among the pre-clinical group were higher than those of the clinical group. Multivariate analysis indicatedthat female gender, pre-clinical training level, and minor specialty preference were factors associated with empathylevel. The protective factor that significantly improved the level of empathy was having fair to good mental health.Conclusion: More than half of the surveyed medical students reported a high level of empathy. The protective factorthat improved the level of empathy was good mental health. However, future qualitative methods, longitudinalsurveillance, or long-term follow-up designs are required to ensure the trustworthiness of these findings.

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Factors associated with anxiety disorders among patients with substance use disorders in Lebanon: Results of a cross‐sectional study

Perspectives In Psychiatric Care ◽

10.1111/ppc.12462 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 745-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chadia Haddad ◽

Mouhamad J. Darwich ◽

Sahar Obeid ◽

Hala Sacre ◽

Maha Zakhour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

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Prevalence and factors associated with substance use among street children in Jimma town, Oromiya national regional state, Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-020-00304-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mengistu Ayenew ◽

Teshome Kabeta ◽

Kifle Woldemichael

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Street Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Regional State ◽

Jimma Town

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Outcomes of Automated Auditory Evoked Potential Performed in Different Settings and the Factors Associated with Referred Cases

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1607334 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (04) ◽

pp. 342-347

Author(s):

Daniela Silva ◽

Georgea Ribeiro ◽

Gustavo Castilho ◽

Jair Mantovani

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Auditory Evoked Potential ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hearing Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Age Of Diagnosis

Introduction For the population with risk factors for hearing loss, the first option to assess the hearing status is the performance of the automated brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) test because of its efficacy in identifying retrocochlear hearing loss. Objective To verify the outcomes of automated BAEP performed in different settings as well as the factors associated with the prevalence of hearing impairment. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted from October of 2014 to May of 2015. The sample consisted of 161 infants with at least one risk factor for hearing loss who underwent automated BAEP during the hospital stay or at the outpatient clinic. After 30 days, the altered cases were referred for BAEP diagnosis. Results One hundred and thirty-eight infants (86%) had a result of “pass” and 23 (14%) of “failure” in the automated BAEP. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of “referred” results between examinations performed in different settings. The infants' ages did not influence the number of abnormal cases. All of the 23 infants who presented a “referred” result in the automated BAEP, unilateral or bilateral, were sent for BAEP diagnosis, and out of these, 9 (39%) remained with at least some degree of alteration. The average age of diagnosis was 2.7 months. Conclusion The results of the automated BAEP were similar when performed during hospitalization or after discharge. Neither the age at the examination nor the gender of the patient influenced the prevalence of hearing loss.

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Tricyclic antidepressants intoxication in Tehran, Iran: Epidemiology and associated factors

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110371701 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 283-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Saied Dianat ◽

Mohammd-Reza Zarei ◽

Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam ◽

Neda Rashidi-Ranjbar ◽

Reza Rahimian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽

Sex Addiction ◽

Control Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

Background: Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) intoxication contributes a large number of drug toxicities with serious complications. There are a few studies about factors associated with TCA intoxication. This study therefore aimed to identify determinants of this type of intoxication. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Loghman-Hakim Poison Hospital during a 6-month period. All poisoned patients aged >12 years presented to this hospital during the mentioned period were evaluated. Then, TCA-poisoned patients were compared with other drug intoxications as the control group to determine factors associated with TCA intoxications. Results: There were 9809 admissions, of which 1583 (16.1%) patients including 601 (38%) males were intoxicated with TCAs. Mean age of the subjects was 26.5 + 10 years. Most of the TCA intoxications (74.4%) were intentional (p = 0.01). Amitriptyline was the most frequent agent followed by Nortriptyline. There was no significant difference between TCA and non-TCA intoxications regarding the mortality (1.3% in TCA vs. 1.1% in others, p = 0.45). Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, addiction status, and history of psychological problems have association with TCA intoxication. Conclusions: The results of this study are helpful in identifying individuals who are prone to TCA intoxication and may be useful in implementation of preventive strategies.

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Course of migraine during pregnancy among migraine sufferers before pregnancy

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2011000500008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 613-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Waldmiro Antônio Diégues Serva ◽

Vilneide Maria Santos Braga Diégues Serva ◽

Maria de Fátima Costa Caminha ◽

José Natal Figueiroa ◽

Emídio Cavalcanti Albuquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Migraine With Aura ◽

Migraine Without Aura ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menstrually Related Migraine ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: To describe the course of migraine without aura and migraine with aura during pregnancy and factors that could influence its course, among migraine sufferers before pregnancy. METHOD: A cross sectional study undertaken at the IMIP, Brazil. Out of 686 consecutively assisted women, at the first postnatal week, 266 were identified as migraine sufferers before pregnancy. RESULTS: There was migraine remission in 35.4%, 76.8% and 79.3% among migraine without aura sufferers and 20.7%, 58.6% and 65.5% among those with migraine with aura, respectively in the first, second and third trimesters. Statistically significant difference was found when the first trimester was compared with the second and third trimesters. The factors associated with the presence of migraine during pregnancy were: multiparity, menstrually related migraine without aura prior to pregnancy and illness during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The study contributed to elucidate the course of migraine during pregnancy in migraine sufferers prior to pregnancy.

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Factors associated with psychotic symptoms among a sample of male prisoners with substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ◽

10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 108104

Author(s):

Enrico Capuzzi ◽

Alice Caldiroli ◽

Filippo Besana ◽

Francesca Cova ◽

Massimiliano Buoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Male Prisoners

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Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring and Reporting Among Physicians and Pharmacists in Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886315666200427120322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 137-146

Author(s):

Zaka Un Nisa ◽

Ayesha Zafar ◽

Fatima Zafar ◽

Sally Pezaro ◽

Farooq Sher

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reaction ◽

Drug Reaction ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Adr Reporting ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The success of a reporting system of adverse drug reaction (ADR) depends on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the health care professionals. However, due to a lack of knowledge and poor contribution by healthcare workers, ADR remains underreported. To improve safety, proper identification and ADR reporting is necessary. Objective: This study was carried out to determine knowledge, attitude, and practices of ADR among physicians and pharmacists working in Pakistan and the factors which encourage and discourage effective reporting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pretested questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed among 333 physicians and 34 pharmacists with a 95.5% response rate. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Results: Pharmacists have more knowledge regarding ADR compared to physicians (47.1% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001). Pharmacists also have a positive attitude compared to physicians (97.1% vs. 76.3%, p < 0.001). No significant difference was noticed in ADR practice by physicians and pharmacists (12.3% vs. 11.8, p = 0.92). The seriousness of ADR was the main factor that encouraged nearly all pharmacists to report, whereas among physician’s, seriousness and the unusualness of reaction, the new drug involvement, and confidence in diagnosis were the factors which encouraged them to report ADR. Conclusion: Overall, pharmacists had more knowledge and a positive attitude regarding ADR reporting compared to physicians, but practices of ADR reporting remained the same among both. Therefore, it is suggested that educational interventions, along with training programs, should be developed.

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