scholarly journals Fiber Composition and Oxidative Capacity of Hamster Skeletal Muscle

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1685-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Mattson ◽  
Todd A. Miller ◽  
David C. Poole ◽  
Michael D. Delp
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Investigation ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Type I Fibers

The hamster is a valuable biological model for physiological investigation. Despite the obvious importance of the integration of cardiorespiratory and muscular system function, little information is available regarding hamster muscle fiber type and oxidative capacity, both of which are key determinants of muscle function. The purpose of this investigation was to measure immunohistochemically the relative composition and size of muscle fibers composed of types I, IIA, IIX, and IIB fibers in hamster skeletal muscle. The oxidative capacity of each muscle was also assessed by measuring citrate synthase activity. Twenty-eight hindlimb, respiratory, and facial muscles or muscle parts from adult (144–147 g bw) male Syrian golden hamsters ( n=3) were dissected bilaterally, weighed, and frozen for immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis. Combining data from all 28 muscles analyzed, type I fibers made up 5% of the muscle mass, type IIA fibers 16%, type IIX fibers 39%, and type IIB fibers 40%. Mean fiber cross-sectional area across muscles was 1665 ± 328 μm2 for type I fibers, 1900 ± 417 μm2 for type IIA fibers, 3230 ± 784 μm2 for type IIX fibers, and 4171 ± 864 μm2 for type IIB fibers. Citrate synthase activity was most closely related to the population of type IIA fibers ( r=0.68, p<0.0001) and was in the rank order of type IIA > I > IIX > IIB. These data demonstrate that hamster skeletal muscle is predominantly composed of type IIB and IIX fibers.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle of females and males with constitutional thinness: a low intramuscular lipid content and oxidative profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1287-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélina Bailly ◽  
Natacha Germain ◽  
Léonard Féasson ◽  
Frédéric Costes ◽  
Bruno Estour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Type I ◽  
Before And After

Constitutional thinness (CT) is a nonpathological state of underweight. The current study aimed to explore skeletal muscle energy storage in individuals with CT and to further characterize muscle phenotype at baseline and in response to overfeeding. Thirty subjects with CT (15 females, 15 males) and 31 normal-weight control subjects (16 females, 15 males) participated in the study. Histological and enzymological analyses were performed on muscle biopsy specimens before and after overfeeding. In the skeletal muscle of CT participants compared with controls, we observed a lower content of intramuscular triglycerides for type I (−17%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (−14%, p < 0.05) muscle fibers, a lower glycogen content for type I (−6%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (−5%, p < 0.05) muscle fibers, a specific fiber-type distribution, a marked muscle hypotrophy (−20%, p < 0.001), a low capillary-to-fiber ratio (−19%, p < 0.001), and low citrate synthase activity (−18%, p < 0.05). In response to overfeeding, CT participants increased their intramuscular triglycerides content in type I (+10%, p < 0.01) and type IIA (+9%, p < 0.01) muscle fibers. CT individuals seem to present an unusual muscle phenotype and different adaptations to overfeeding compared with normal-weight individuals, suggesting a specific energy metabolism and muscle adaptations. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02004821. Novelty Low intramuscular triglycerides and glycogen content in skeletal muscle of constitutionally thin individuals. Low oxidative capacity, low capillary supply, and fiber hypotrophy in skeletal muscle of constitutionally thin individuals. Increase in intramuscular triglycerides in constitutional thinness in response to overfeeding.

Skeletal muscle characteristics among distance runners: a 20-yr follow-up study

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Trappe ◽  
D. L. Costill ◽  
W. J. Fink ◽  
D. R. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Type Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type I Fibers

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the histochemical and enzymatic characteristics of skeletal muscle after 20 yr of distance running training. Twenty-eight men were first studied between 1966 and 1974 when they were all highly trained distance runners. On the basis of their training regimens in the interim between testing, subjects were described as highly trained (HI; n = 11), fitness trained (FIT; n = 10), or untrained (UT; n = 7). Gastrocnemius muscle biopsy samples revealed a mean increase (P < 0.05) in the proportion of type I fibers of the FIT and UT groups, whereas the HI group, which was initially characterized by a high percentage (> 70%) of type I fibers, was unchanged. Although the mean fiber type change of the HI group was similar between evaluations, 6 of the 11 subjects did elicit an increase in the percentage of type I fibers. A subgroup of elite distance runners who had continued to train for competition experienced an approximately 25% reduction (P > 0.05) in muscle succinate dehydrogenase activity and decreases (P > 0.05) in types I and II muscle fiber areas. On the average, in 1993 the HI group had higher (P < 0.05) succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase activities than the FIT and UT groups, whereas phosphorylase activity did not differ among the three groups. These data suggest that the middle-aged men in this study had a significantly greater proportion of type I muscle fibers than when they were 20 yr younger.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diabetic myopathy differs betweenIns2Akita+/−and streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic models

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1650-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Krause ◽  
Michael C. Riddell ◽  
Carly S. Gordon ◽  
S. Abdullah Imam ◽  
Enzo Cafarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Current State ◽  
Type I Fibers

Mechanistic studies examining the effects of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on skeletal muscle have largely relied on streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ) rodents. Unfortunately, characterization of diabetic myopathy in this model is confounded by the effects of streptozotocin on skeletal muscle independent of the diabetic phenotype. Here we define adolescent diabetic myopathy in a novel, genetic model of T1DM, Ins2Akita+/−mice, and contrast these findings with STZ mice. Eight weeks of diabetes resulted in significantly reduced gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus mass (control: 0.16 ± 0.005 g; Ins2Akita+/−: 0.12 ± 0.003 g; STZ: 0.12 ± 0.01g) and IIB/D fiber area in Ins2Akita+/−(1,294 ± 94 μm2) and STZ (1,768 ± 163 μm2) compared with control (2,241 ± 144 μm2). Conversely, STZ type I fibers (1,535 ± 165 μm2) were significantly larger than Ins2Akita+/−(915 ± 76 μm2) but not control (1,152 ± 86 μm2). Intramyocellular lipid increased in STZ (122.9 ± 3.6% of control) but not Ins2Akita+/−likely resultant from depressed citrate synthase (control: 6.2 ± 1.2 μmol·s−1·mg−1; Ins2Akita+/−: 5.2 ± 0.8 μmol·s−1·mg−1; STZ: 2.8 ± 0.5 μmol·s−1·mg−1) and 3-β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase (control: 4.2 ± 0.6 nmol·s−1·mg−1; Ins2Akita+/−: 5.0 ± 0.6 nmol·s−1·mg−1; STZ: 2.7 ± 0.6 nmol·s−1·mg−1) enzyme activity in STZ muscle. In situ muscle stimulation revealed lower absolute peak tetanic force in Ins2Akita+/−(70.2 ± 8.2% of control) while STZ exhibited an insignificant decrease (87.6 ± 7.9% of control). Corrected for muscle mass, no force loss was observed in Ins2Akita+/−, while STZ was significantly elevated vs. control and Ins2Akita+/−. These results demonstrate that atrophy and specific fiber-type loss in Ins2Akita+/−muscle did not affect contractile properties (relative to muscle mass). Furthermore, we demonstrate distinctive contractile, metabolic, and phenotypic properties in STZ vs. Ins2Akita+/−diabetic muscle despite similarity in hyperglycemia/hypoinsulinemia, raising concerns of our current state of knowledge regarding the effects of T1DM on skeletal muscle.

Composition and size of type I, IIA, IID/X, and IIB fibers and citrate synthase activity of rat muscle

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Delp ◽  
C. Duan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Rat Muscle ◽  
Type I Fibers

A population of muscle fibers containing a myosin heavy-chain isoform IId (or 2x) has recently been identified in rat muscle. The purpose of this study was to histochemically determine the relative population and size of muscle fibers composed of type IID/X fibers as well as type I, IIA, and IIB fibers to estimate the absolute mass of the different types of fibers in rat muscle. In addition, muscle citrate synthase activity was measured to determine the relationship between fiber composition and muscle oxidative capacity. Seventy-six muscles or muscle parts from the face, neck, shoulder, arm, trunk, hip, thigh, and leg of three adult (4.5-5 mo of age) male Sprague-Dawley rats were removed, weighed, and frozen for histochemical and biochemical analyses. The data demonstrated that type IIB fibers make up 71% of the total muscle mass, type IID/X fibers 18%, type IIA fibers 5%, and type I fibers 6%. The mean cross-sectional area across all muscles was 5,078 +/- 175 microns 2 for type IIB fibers, 3,078 +/- 105 microns2 for type IID/X fibers, 2,045 +/- 80 microns2 for type IIA fibers, and 1,898 +/- 90 microns2 for type I fibers. Citrate synthase activity, an indicator of muscle mitochondrial content, was most closely related to the population of type IIA fibers and was in the rank order of type IIA = I = IID/X = IIB. NADH-tetrazolium reductase staining intensity also confirmed this order. These data demonstrate that type IID/X fibers make up a significant portion of the adult rat muscle mass and are intermediate to type IIA and IIB fibers in regard to fiber size and oxidative potential.

Rostrocaudal pattern of fiber-type changes in an overloaded rat ankle extensor

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Gardiner ◽  
B. J. Jasmin ◽  
P. Corriveau
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertrophic Response ◽  
Type I Fibers

Our aim was to quantify the overload-induced hypertrophy and conversion of fiber types (type II to I) occurring in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (MG). Overload of MG was induced by a bilateral tenotomy/retraction of synergists, followed by 12–18 wk of regular treadmill locomotion (2 h of walking/running per day on 3 of 4 days). We counted all type I fibers and determined type I and II mean fiber areas in eight equidistant sections taken along the length of control and overloaded MG. Increase in muscle weights (31%), as well as in total muscle cross-sectional areas (37%) and fiber areas (type I, 57%; type II, 34%), attested to a significant hypertrophic response in overloaded MG. An increase in type I fiber composition of MG from 7.0 to 11.5% occurred as a result of overload, with the greatest and only statistically significant changes (approximately 70–100%) being found in sections taken from the most rostral 45% of the muscle length. Results of analysis of sections taken from the largest muscle girth showed that it significantly underestimated the extent of fiber conversion that occurred throughout the muscle as a whole. These data obtained on the MG, which possesses a compartmentalization of fiber types, support the notion that all fiber types respond to this model with a similar degree of hypertrophy. Also, they emphasize the complex nature of the adaptive changes that occur in these types of muscles as a result of overload.

Genetic and other determinants of AMP deaminase activity in healthy adult skeletal muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Norman ◽  
Donna K. Mahnke-Zizelman ◽  
Amy Vallis ◽  
Richard L. Sabina
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Amp Deaminase ◽  
Normal Allele ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Type I Fibers

AMPD1 genotype, relative fiber type composition, training status, and gender were evaluated as contributing factors to the reported variation in AMP deaminase enzyme activity in healthy skeletal muscle. Multifactorial correlative analyses demonstrate that AMPD1 genotype has the greatest effect on enzyme activity. An AMPD1 mutant allele frequency of 13.7 and a 1.7% incidence of enzyme deficiency was found across 175 healthy subjects. Homozygotes for the AMPD1 normal allele have high enzyme activities, and heterozygotes display intermediate activities. When examined according to genotype, other factors were found to affect variability as follows: AMP deaminase activity in homozygotes for the normal allele exhibits a negative correlation with the relative percentage of type I fibers and training status. Conversely, residual AMP deaminase activity in homozygotes for the mutant allele displays a positive correlation with the relative percentage of type I fibers. Opposing correlations in different homozygous AMPD1 genotypes are likely due to relative fiber-type differences in the expression of AMPD1 and AMPD3 isoforms. Gender also contributes to variation in total skeletal muscle AMP deaminase activity, with normal homozygous and heterozygous women showing only 85–88% of the levels observed in genotype-matched men.

Changes in skeletal muscle biochemistry and histology relative to fiber type in rats with heart failure

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1291-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Delp ◽  
Changping Duan ◽  
John P. Mattson ◽  
Timothy I. Musch
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Composition ◽  
Muscle Biochemistry ◽  
Type I Fibers

Delp, Michael D., Changping Duan, John P. Mattson, and Timothy I. Musch. Changes in skeletal muscle biochemistry and histology relative to fiber type in rats with heart failure. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(4): 1291–1299, 1997.—One of the primary consequences of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) after myocardial infarction is a decrement in exercise capacity. Several factors have been hypothesized to account for this decrement, including alterations in skeletal muscle metabolism and aerobic capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether LVD-induced alterations in skeletal muscle enzyme activities, fiber composition, and fiber size are 1) generalized in muscles or specific to muscles composed primarily of a given fiber type and 2) related to the severity of the LVD. Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated controls ( n = 13) and rats with moderate ( n = 10) and severe ( n = 7) LVD. LVD was surgically induced by ligating the left main coronary artery and resulted in elevations ( P < 0.05) in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (sham, 5 ± 1 mmHg; moderate LVD, 11 ± 1 mmHg; severe LVD, 25 ± 1 mmHg). Moderate LVD decreased the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and citrate synthase in one muscle composed of type IIB fibers but did not modify fiber composition or size of any muscle studied. However, severe LVD diminished the activity of enzymes involved in terminal and β-oxidation in muscles composed primarily of type I fibers, type IIA fibers, and type IIB fibers. In addition, severe LVD induced a reduction in the activity of PFK in type IIB muscle, a 10% reduction in the percentage of type IID/X fibers, and a corresponding increase in the portion of type IIB fibers. Atrophy of type I fibers, type IIA fibers, and/or type IIB fibers occurred in soleus and plantaris muscles of rats with severe LVD. These data indicate that rats with severe LVD after myocardial infarction exhibit 1) decrements in mitochondrial enzyme activities independent of muscle fiber composition, 2) a reduction in PFK activity in type IIB muscle, 3) transformation of type IID/X to type IIB fibers, and 4) atrophy of type I, IIA, and IIB fibers.

Gene Polymorphisms and Fiber-Type Composition of Human Skeletal Muscle

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildus I. Ahmetov ◽  
Olga L. Vinogradova ◽  
Alun G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Type I Fibers

The ability to perform aerobic or anaerobic exercise varies widely among individuals, partially depending on their muscle-fiber composition. Variability in the proportion of skeletal-muscle fiber types may also explain marked differences in aspects of certain chronic disease states including obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In untrained individuals, the proportion of slow-twitch (Type I) fibers in the vastus lateralis muscle is typically around 50% (range 5–90%), and it is unusual for them to undergo conversion to fast-twitch fibers. It has been suggested that the genetic component for the observed variability in the proportion of Type I fibers in human muscles is on the order of 40–50%, indicating that muscle fiber-type composition is determined by both genotype and environment. This article briefly reviews current progress in the understanding of genetic determinism of fiber-type proportion in human skeletal muscle. Several polymorphisms of genes involved in the calcineurin–NFAT pathway, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose and lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal function, hypoxia and angiogenesis, and circulatory homeostasis have been associated with fiber-type composition. As muscle is a major contributor to metabolism and physical strength and can readily adapt, it is not surprising that many of these gene variants have been associated with physical performance and athlete status, as well as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Genetic variants associated with fiber-type proportions have important implications for our understanding of muscle function in both health and disease.

Intermittent cold exposure causes a muscle-specific shift in the fiber type composition in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Walters ◽  
S. H. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Type I Fibers

We examined the effect of long-term intermittent cold exposure on the fiber type composition of the predominantly type I soleus and the predominantly type IIb extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats. Cold exposure was accomplished by submerging the rats in shoulder-deep water, maintained at 20 +/- 0.5 degrees C, for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, for < or = 19 wk. The efficacy of the treatment was tested by subjecting both groups to 20 degrees C water for 45 min while rectal temperature (Tre) and O2 consumption (VO2) were measured. The cold-exposed group displayed a 22% smaller reduction in Tre (P < 0.05) at the end of the exposure and 23% greater VO2 (P < 0.05) during the same period. Fiber type composition was determined using routine histochemical methods for myosin-adenosinetriphosphatase. In the soleus muscle of the cold-exposed rats, the number of type IIa fibers increased 156% (P < 0.05) and the number of type I fibers decreased 24% (P < 0.05). Cold exposure had no significant influence on the fiber type composition of the EDL muscle. Cold exposure resulted in an increase in citrate synthase activity of 20 and 22% in the soleus and EDL muscles, respectively (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that intermittent cold exposure induces a type I-to-type IIa transformation in the soleus muscle while having no influence on the EDL muscle.

Exercise-induced cellular alterations in the diaphragm

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. R1093-R1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Powers ◽  
D. Criswell ◽  
F. K. Lieu ◽  
S. Dodd ◽  
H. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Cross Sectional

Limited data exist concerning the effects of exercise training on cellular oxidative capacity in the diaphragm of senescent animals. In this study we examined the changes in cellular oxidative capacity, muscle cell cross-sectional area (CSA), and capillarity within the costal diaphragm of senescent animals after a 10-wk endurance-training program. Twelve 24-mo-old female Fischer 344 rats were divided into either a sedentary control group (n = 6) or exercise training group (n = 6). The trained animals exercised on a motor-driven treadmill (60 min/day, 5 days/wk) at a work rate equal to approximately 55-65% VO2max. Capillaries were identified histologically and fiber types determined using adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) histochemistry. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and CSA in individual fibers were measured using a computerized image analysis system. Exercise training did not increase (P > 0.05) the capillary-to-fiber ratio for any fiber type. However, training significantly decreased CSA (P < 0.05) and increased capillary density (capillary number/CSA) (P < 0.05) in type I, type IIa, and type IIb fibers. Furthermore, exercise training resulted in small but significant increase in SDH activity (P < 0.05) in type I and IIa fibers, whereas training did not alter SDH activity (P > 0.05) in type IIb fibers. These data demonstrate that endurance training in senescent animals results in small relative improvements in both oxidative capacity and capillary density in costal diaphragmatic type I and IIa muscle fibers. The increase in both capillary density and fiber SDH activity was largely due to a reduction in fiber CSA.

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