The Influence of Video Reflection on Preservice Music Teachers’ Concerns in Peer- and Field-Teaching Settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Powell

The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice music teacher concerns as stated in written reflections before and after video feedback. Nineteen preservice music teachers enrolled in instrumental methods courses wrote free-response reflections of peer- and field-teaching episodes. Statements were coded utilizing the Fuller and Bown teacher concerns framework. A total of 2,404 statements were coded into self, task, and student impact concern categories. In addition to coding the data using an a priori approach, I used an inductive process to examine the quality of participants’ reflective statements before and after video reflection. Video reflections included approximately 65% more statements than initial reflections. Qualitative content analysis revealed that participants’ reflections grew more detailed and specific as a result of video feedback. Many video reflections also included a second level of reflection. Participants focused in greater detail on their ability to communicate with students, detect errors in performance, and provide specific feedback related to the lesson objectives and responses from students. Participants made more critical comments about their physical appearance after video feedback, focusing on what they perceived as awkward physical traits or habits. Overall percentages of concerns in each category remained stable throughout.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352


Author(s):  
E. M. Timanin ◽  
N. S. Sydneva ◽  
A. A. Zakharova

Introduction. To date there is a lack of studies dedicated to the objectification of the palpation data obtained by a specialist during the osteopathic examination. The issue of the evidence of the results of osteopathic correction still remains important. Search for instrumental methods allowing to register and to measure various palpation phenomena and manifestations of somatic dysfunctions is very relevant for the development of osteopathy as a science. It is also very important to find objective characteristics of these methods.Goal of research — to study viscoelastic characteristics of the soft tissues of the lower legs by palpation and instrumental methods before and after osteopathic correction.Materials and methods. 22 volunteers (12 women and 10 men) aged 18–23 years without complaints of the musculoskeletal system were examined. Osteopathic diagnostics and measurement of the viscoelastic properties of muscles were carried out by the method of vibration viscoelastometry before and after osteopathic correction.Results. Correlation analysis by Spearman showed that the subjective assessment of an osteopath positively correlated with both elasticity (r=0,43, p<0,05) and viscosity of soft issues (r=0,29, p<0,05). For the gastrocnemius muscle, this pattern was even more pronounced — for elasticity r=0,51, p<0,05, for viscosity =0,34, p<0,05. After osteopathic correction no changes in the elasticity of the soft tissues were observed. The viscosity of the tissues reduced, but in the projection of the gastrocnemius muscle, these changes were not statistically significant (p=0,12), whereas in the projection of the soleus muscle statistically significant changes (p=0,034) were observed.Conclusion. Changes in the viscoelastic properties of tissues demonstrated that the effects of osteopathic correction with the use of myofascial mobilization techniques, articulation mobilization techniques, and lymphatic drainage techniques were not obvious. The elasticity of soft tissues of the lower legs did not change, while the viscosity decreased, especially in the projection of the soleus muscles. This effect of the osteopathic correction can be associated with the effect of thixotropy — the transformation of gel-like intercellular substance into sol. Thus, the research showed that vibration viscoelastometry can be used for the objectifi cation of the condition of soft tissues and of the effects of osteopathic correction.


Author(s):  
Michael Raiber

The impact of teacher dispositions on the professional development of preservice music teachers (PMTs) has been substantiated. This chapter describes an approach to dispositional development within the structure of an introduction to music education course. A teacher concerns model is used to organize this systematic approach through three developmental stages that include self-concerns, teaching task concerns, and student learning concerns. A series of 11 critical questions are presented for use in guiding PMTs’ dispositional development through these developmental stages. Activities to engage PMTs in the exploration of each of these questions are detailed for use by music teacher educators desiring to engage PMTs in dispositional development.


2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Buch ◽  
Yongquan Ye ◽  
E Mark Haacke

A quantitative estimate of cerebral blood oxygen saturation is of critical importance in the investigation of cerebrovascular disease. We aimed to measure the change in venous oxygen saturation (Yv) before and after the intake of the vaso-dynamic agents caffeine and acetazolamide with high spatial resolution using susceptibility mapping. Caffeine and acetazolamide were administered on separate days to five healthy volunteers to measure the change in oxygen extraction fraction. The internal streaking artifacts in the susceptibility maps were reduced by giving an initial susceptibility value uniformly to the structure-of-interest, based on a priori information. Using this technique, Yv for normal physiological conditions, post-caffeine and post-acetazolamide was measured inside the internal cerebral veins as YNormal = 69.1 ± 3.3%, YCaffeine = 60.5 ± 2.8%, and YAcet = 79.1 ± 4.0%. This suggests that susceptibility mapping can serve as a sensitive biomarker for measuring reductions in cerebro-vascular reserve through abnormal vascular response. The percentage change in oxygen extraction fraction for caffeine and acetazolamide were found to be +27.0 ± 3.8% and −32.6 ± 2.1%, respectively. Similarly, the relative changes in cerebral blood flow in the presence of caffeine and acetazolamide were found to be −30.3% and + 31.5%, suggesting that the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen remains stable between normal and challenged brain states for healthy subjects.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Matricano ◽  
Laura Castaldi ◽  
Mario Sorrentino ◽  
Elena Candelo

PurposeOrganizational culture plays a central role when dealing with the issue of digital business transformation (DBT). Managers handling a DBT and involved in digital strateging are expected to modify the organizational culture of firms to make it more fitting with the paradigm of digital economy and having more chance of success. Thus, it is noteworthy to inspect the role they can have over DBTs. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior that managers assume when they approach DBTs by investigating whether they act as mentors/facilitators or entrepreneurs/innovators, as coordinators or decision makers.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the above purpose, ten case studies about manufacturing firms have been selected. Case studies, retrieved by the Digital Innovation Observatories of the School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano, are studied and analyzed by means of a qualitative content analysis on textual data. This allows getting specific insights into organizational culture before and after DBT and about the role played by managers.FindingsAchieved results disclose that managers need to modify the organizational culture of their firms to handle a successful DBT. However, firms can assume different organizational culture and thus the role assumed by managers handling a DBT can change as well.Originality/valueTo the authors knowledge, this paper is among the first that aim to investigate the role that mangers assume when handling DBTs. In particular, originality lies in the fact that assumed roles are rebuilt in reference to their ability to modify organizational culture.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Hökkä ◽  
Katja Vähäsantanen ◽  
Susanna Paloniemi ◽  
Sanna Herranen ◽  
Anneli Eteläpelto

Purpose Although there has been an increase in workplace studies on professional agency, few of these have examined the role of emotions in the enactment of agency at work. To date, professional agency has been mainly conceptualised as a goal-oriented, rational activity aimed at influencing a current state of affairs. Challenged by this, this study aims to elaborate the nature and quality of emotions and how they might be connected to the enactment of professional agency. Design/methodology/approach Data are collected in the context of a leadership coaching programme that aimed to promote the leaders’ professional agency over the course of a year. The participants (11 middle-management leaders working in university and hospital contexts) were interviewed before and after the programme, and the data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings Findings showed that emotions played an important role in the leaders’ enactment of professional agency, as it pertained to their work and to their professional identity. The study suggests that enacting professional agency is by no means a matter of purely rational actions. Practical implications The study suggests that emotional agency can be learned and enhanced through group-based interventions reflecting on and processing one’s own professional roles and work. Originality/value As a theoretical conclusion, the study argues that professional agency should be reconceptualised in such a way as to acknowledge the importance of emotions (one’s own and those of one’s fellow workers) in practising agency within organisational contexts.


Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Gang Wang ◽  
Kuan-Min Chen ◽  
Yu-Long Pei ◽  
Ying Wang

Many studies focused on the analysis of effect factors contributing to the crashes and development of crash prediction models have resulted in aggregate researches to quantify the safety effects of geometric and traffic variables and environmental concerns on the expected outcome of fatal, injury and/or property damage losses at specific locations. Crash insight regarding different locations, however, has rarely been performed. Such investigations are useful for at least two reasons. First, there is a priori need to identify high risk sites with respect to crash. Second, it is generally believed that different crash types (e.g. rear-end, angle etc.) are associated with road geometry, the environment and traffic condition, and as a result justifying the inside causes of such crashes helps with understanding and improving the specific ability to make effective countermeasures. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to (1) demonstrate that different crash types are associated to intersections in different ways and (2) reveal that the statistics of intersection crashes may lead to greater insights considering crash occurrence and countermeasure effectiveness. This paper first divides crashes into 5 categories or types: pedestrian-involved, rear-end, head-on, angle and sideswipe crash types. Based on 3208 crashes collected on the intersections in the city of Harbin during the period of 1992–2008, distribution, overall count and the occurrence of rate features are estimated resulting in two models. The performed analysis reveals that safety improvement factors such as the presence of a signal light set, a traffic monitoring device and ITS measure have a positive association with intersection crash in different ways, suggesting that different traffic control and management aspects may be helpful in identifying specific countermeasures in the overall safety improvement project. Santrauka Daugelis tyrimų, nagrinėjančių efektyvumo veiksnius, padedančius nustatyti susidūrimų prognozavimo modelius, paskatino įvairius tyrimus įvertinti eismo aplinkos sudedamųjų dalių ir jų parametrų įtaką mirties ir (arba) turtinės žalos atvejams konkrečiose vietose. Iki šiol tai buvo retas reiškinys. Tokie tyrimai yra svarbūs bent jau dėl dviejų priežasčių. Pirma, reikia nustatyti padidintos rizikos vietas atsižvelgiant į eismo įvykį. Antra, manoma, kad skirtingos susidūrimo rūšys yra susijusios su kelio geometrija, aplinkos ir eismo sąlygomis ir kaip pasekmė, pateisinanti vidines tokių susidūrimų priežastis, padeda suprasti ir pagerinti konkrečias galimybes imtis atsakomųjų veiksmų. Todėl šio darbo tikslas—parodyti, kad skirtingos susidūrimo rūšys įvairiai susijusios su eismu sankryžose, kad susidūrimų sankryžose statistika gali lemti didesnę įžvalgą, atsižvelgiant į įvykusį eismo įvykį ir atsakomųjų priemonių veiksmingumą. Šiame darbe susidūrimai skirstomi į 5 rūšis: susidūrimai su pėsčiaisiais, įvažiavimas į galinę transporto priemonės dalį, susidūrimas priekinėmis transporto priemonės dalimis, kampinis smūgis ir šoninis smūgis. Pasiskirstymas, bendras skaičius ir susidūrimų dažnis apskaičiuojami pagal du modelius remiantis informacija, surinkta iš 3028 eismo įvykių, įvykusių 1992–2008 m. Charbino miesto (Kinija) sankryžose. Atlikta analizė parodė, kad saugaus gerinimo veiksniai, t. y. šviesoforas, eismo stebėjimo prietaisai ir t.t., turi teigiamą įtaką. Skirtingi eismo kontrolės ir valdymo aspektai gali padėti rasti konkrečias atsakomąsias priemones, įgyvendinant visą saugaus eismo gerinimo projektą. Резюме Проблема безопасности дорожного движения актуальна во всех городах мира. Не является исключением и китайский город Харбин. Авторы исследуют влияние совокупности факторов, возникающих до и после дорожно-транспортного происшествия, для оценки эффективности проекта по безопасному движению на перекрестках в упомянутом городе. Исследуются места увеличенного риска возникновения дорожно-транспортного происшествия. Также принимается во внимание, что различные типы дорожно-транспортных происшествий тесно связаны с геометрическими параметрами дороги, условиями окружающей среды, условиями самого движения и т. д. Целью исследования было показать связь и влияние различных типов дорожно-транспортных происшествий на конкретные ситуации движения на перекрестках. Это необходимо для того, чтобы понять необходимость ответных мер по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения в потенциально опасных местах. Все дорожно-транспортные происшествия разделены на 5 типов. Далее на основании информации о 3028 дорожно-транспортных происшествий, зарегистрированных в период с 1992 по 2008 гг. на перекрестках города Харбина, представлены статистические результаты исследования. Проведенное исследование показало, что меры по увеличению безопасности дорожного движения (например, светофор, видео наблюдение за движением и т. д.) имели положительное влияние. Различные аспекты контроля за дорожным движением и управления им помогают найти ответные меры по претворению в жизнь проекта по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Wakesho George ◽  
Pittchar Jimmy ◽  
Midega Charles ◽  
Khan Zeyaur

This study assessed the effectiveness of participatory video and drama in enhancing learning of climate-smart push-pull technology in western Kenya. A total of 80 farmers who had no knowledge of push pull technology were exposed to participatory drama and video that had been developed by farmers who are adopting push pull technology. Validated questionnaires were used for data collection where sampled non push pull farmers were interviewed before and after exposure to push pull knowledge using participatory video and drama. Data obtained was analyzed using chi square at 0.05 confidence level set a priori and also presented using frequency tables, percentages, charts and averages relevant. Results show that the effectiveness of participatory video and drama in disseminating   push pull content is significantly differentiated by the type or component of the push pull knowledge being disseminated. For instance, among farmers exposed to drama, 38.4% were rated as average and good in their understanding of Push Pull concepts, descriptions and definitions compared 19.2% for farmers exposed to participatory video (χ^2=15.949, p0.05). This is completely different for push pull knowledge contents of “establishment and management of Push pull fields”, where among farmers exposed to video,46.1% were rated as good and average compared to 28.2% who were exposed to drama (χ^2=10.1921, p=5). The study concludes that while both methods are cost effective, drama is more effective in  the attraction of larger crowd ,ignition of initial  interest  and educating farmers  on  minimum basics of push pull technology .Participatory video does better in explaining deeper details of push pull knowledge where farmers need not only to hear of the technology but also to adopt it .However no single dissemination method can work perfectly alone, whereas drama can be used as an introductory in attracting the crowd and teaching the basic technological knowledge of push pull technology, this knowledge can be affirmed for purposes of actual adoption by other dissemination methodologies like   participatory video. 


Pedagogika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Jolanta Lasauskienė

According to the Lithuanian and foreign experience of educationalists, the present article discusses possibilities of developing general competencies of pre-service teachers of music by applying the project method. The research is related to analysis of opportunities to improve students’ competencies of reflection and learning to learn, as well as communication and cooperation. The problem of the research formulated: in what way and what impact project activities can exert on general competencies of future teachers of music; what are the basic strategies for developing general competencies of students involved in music pedagogy. The purpose of the research is to highlight basic strategies of developing general competencies of pre - service teachers of music. The methods of the research are as follows: analysis of scientific literature and documents, educational project, written student reflections, qualitative content analysis. Conclusions: The most important strategies connected with future music teacher general competencies by means of musical activity are related to the following: 1) promotion of students’ independent involvement in musical project activities (by strengthening the practice of socially important musical activities); 2) strengthening of teacher - student cooperation; 3) encouragement of learners to reflect and self - assess their own activities. Application of strategies related to development of general competencies during the educational project helped to fi various features connected with development of the competencies discussed above. It can be stated that the application of foreseen education strategies in project activities could have influenced the development of general competencies of future music teachers. While improving the study programmes for future music teachers, it is important to pay more attention to reflective teaching (learning) strategies and methods. While organizing project activities, it is advised to use the partnership based principles of pedagogy, which are validated on esteem, confidence and cooperation. While enhancing the independent student‘s involvement into musical project activities, it is advised to give the alternatives for students of activity selection.


2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Sajankila ◽  
Jack C. He ◽  
Brenda M. Zosa ◽  
Debra L. Allen ◽  
Jeffrey A. Claridge

A Regional Trauma Network (RTN), composed of one level I and several lower-level trauma centers (TCs) across multiple hospital systems, was established in 2010. This collaborative network used a unified triage protocol and a single transfer center. The impact of this RTN was assessed by evaluating regional mortality changes before and after RTN establishment. Patients in the state trauma registry aged 15 and older from 2006 to 2012 were analyzed; 2006 to 2009 and 2010 to 2012 were designated as pre-RTN and RTN periods, respectively. The region was defined as a county containing L1TC and its adjacent counties. Any counties bordering multiple L1TC-containing counties were excluded from analysis. Mortality was compared for all regions before and after RTN implementation. The following subgroups were also included a priori for the comparison: Injury Severity Score ≥15, age ≥65, and trauma mechanisms. 121,448 patients were analyzed; 66,977 and 54,471 patients were in the pre-RTN and RTN groups, respectively. Mean age was 58; 90 per cent had blunt injuries. The overall mortality was 4.9 per cent. Mortality comparisons over time for all regions are presented. The RTN region was the only region in the state that had mortality reduction in all patient subgroups. After adjusting for age, Injury Severity Score, level of TC that performed treatment, and trauma mechanism, RTN implementation was an independent predictor of survival (odds ratio: 0.876; 95% CI: 0.771–0.995, P = 0.04, c-statistic: 0.84). These findings suggest that regional collaboration and network-wide, uniform triage practices should be key components in the development of regionalized trauma networks.


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