The effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on permanent molars: A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) study

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
Christine Jones ◽  
Tammy Bracewell ◽  
Aida Torabi ◽  
Claudia C Beck ◽  
Taylor B Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is well established that acid disposal is a potentially effective method used by criminal syndicates to hinder the identification of victims. This study documents the effects of continuous immersion in hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%) on molars using macroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The goal of this study is to aid in distinguishing visually unrecognizable fragments of dental remains when drastic changes in morphology have occurred as a result of acid exposure. Macroscopic, SEM, and EDS analysis were conducted on seven maxillary molars before and after HCl treatment. Molars reduced in weight relative to the length of time immersed in HCl and the dissolution time was over 40 hours longer than reported in previous studies, at just over 66 hours. SEM and EDS analysis showed acid-treated teeth exhibited morphological patterns such as cracking and layering visible at high magnification. Calcium/phosphorous ratios fell within the expected range of 1.6–2.5, indicating that HCl-treated teeth are still identifiable as osseous or dental tissue even when not visually identifiable as teeth. This is the first study to present SEM images of molar cementum before and after immersion in HCl and to present EDS results. This information can assist researchers and investigators in determining the presence of dental tissue in a forensic context associated with acid disposal.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM–EDS) Analysis of PM1–2 Microspheres Located in Coal Char Particles with Different Morphologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 8848-8856
Author(s):  
Elena V. Fomenko ◽  
Vladimir V. Yumashev ◽  
Sergey V. Kukhtetskiy ◽  
Anatoliy M. Zhizhaev ◽  
Alexander G. Anshits
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Coal Char ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals The Comparative PDT Experiment of the Inactivation of HL60 on Modified TiO2Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiqi Lu ◽  
Qiyun He ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Baoquan Ai ◽  
Jianwen Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Photocatalytic Inactivation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inactivation Effect ◽  
Scanning Electron

Four samples of modified titanium dioxide (TiO2), Fe/TiO2(2 wt%), Fe/TiO2(5 wt%), and 5-ALA/TiO2, were experimented in photodynamic therapy (PDT) on leukemia cells HL60, performing promising photocatalytic inactivation effect. Fe/TiO2and 5-ALA/TiO2were synthesized in methods of precipitation and ultrasonic methods, respectively. X-ray diffraction spectra and UV-Vis spectra were studied for the samples’ crystalline phase and redshift of absorption peak. Further, FTIR spectra and Raman spectra were obtained to examine the combination of 5-aminolevulinic (5-ALA) and TiO2nanoparticles. The toxicity of these four kinds of nanoparticles was studied through darkroom experiments. And based on the concentration which caused the same toxic effect (90%) on HL60, PDT experiments of TiO2, Fe/TiO2(2%), Fe/TiO2(5%), and ALA/TiO2were done, resulting in the fact that the photokilling efficiency was 69.7%, 71.6%, 72%, and 80.6%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the samples were also taken to study the morphology of HL60 cells before and after PDT, resulting in the fact the activation of the modified TiO2from PDT was the main cause of cell apoptosis.

Laboratory Tests on the Improvement of Strength of Silt Using Microbes

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 1620-1625
Author(s):  
Zhao Yang Xu ◽  
Shao Jin Wan ◽  
Yao Ren Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microbe technology is introduced for improving silt The metabolic outcomes and precipitation of microbes can glue the soil granule,plug mineral lattice crystal,simultaneously strengthen their shear resistance.Characteristics of silt before and after modification are compared by CU triaxial compression test. By Scanning Electron Microscope(ESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX),the modification mechanism of silt has been investigated.The results show that the values φ of silt is increased larger modified by carbonate mineralization microbes, while the value of cohesion increases larger by polysaccharides viscose microbes.

scholarly journals AC Dielectric Strength of Mineral Oil-Based Fe3O4 and Al2O3 Nanofluids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama Khaled ◽  
Abderrahmane Beroual
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanostructured Particles ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper deals with experimental study of the influence of conductive (Fe3O4) and insulating (Al2O3) nanostructured particles at various concentrations on the dielectric strength of transformer mineral oil. The method of preparation and characterization of these nanofluids (NFs) through the measurements of zeta potential, the real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant as well as the concentration and size of nanoparticles using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of nanoparticles powders and Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis are presented. Experimental findings reveal that these two types of nanoparticles materials significantly improve AC breakdown voltage and the magnitude of this improvement depends on the concentration, size and nature (material) of nanoparticles. For a given type of nanoparticles, the effect is more marked with the smallest nanoparticles. The conductive nanoparticles offer higher enhancement of dielectric strength compared with insulating nanoparticles based nanofluids. With Fe3O4, the breakdown voltage (BDV) can exceed twice that of mineral oil and it increases by more than 76% with Al2O3. The physicochemical mechanisms implicated in this improvement are discussed.

Study of Solvent Extraction of Mercury(II) with Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 from Hydrochloric Acid Solution into Benzene

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
Rita Giovannetti ◽  
Vito Bartocci ◽  
Laura Petetta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solution ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Chloro Complexes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of Li+, K+, NH+4, Ca2+ or Sr2+ in the extraction of mercury(II) as chloro-complexes from solutions in hydrochloric acid with dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) into benzene and the stoichiometries of the reactions have been studied. The crystalline extracted species were characterized by morphological and microanalysis measurements by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry respectively.

Microbioerosão em conchas de Heleobia australis (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) da lagoa Salgada, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Maria Célia Elias Senra ◽  
Loreine Hermida da Silva e Silva ◽  
Jonas Nascimento Conde ◽  
Anderson Andrade Cavalcanti Iespa
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Scanning Electron

Traces of microbioerosion are recorded on microgastropods shells that occur in association with recent stromatolites from lagoa Salgada, Rio de Janeiro State. The high destruction levels produced by microborers on the bioclasts were directly observed through optical and scanning electron microscroscopy. This study goals the identification and description of the bioerosion patterns on microgastropods of the species Heleobia australis (D'Orbigny). The microborings consist of sinuous ramified microborings galeries that were related to the ichnogenera Fascichnus, as well as groups of circular and irregular perforations that remained unidentified. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) analysis of the dark shells surfaces detected the elements sulfur and iron, both closely tied to the microbial metabolism.

scholarly journals Morphological and elemental analysis of alpaca hair (Vicugna pacos) using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM – EDX)

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6046-2018
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA MUCHA ◽  
MACIEJ JANECZEK
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of studies was to evaluate the microstructure and elemental compositions of alpaca hair. The hair from eight alpacas, which came from different part of Poland, were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The quantitive analysis was performed for nutritionally important elements (calcium and phosphorous), elements, which are part of building blocks of hair structure (silicon and sulfur) and trace elements (copper, zinc, selenium). Moreover, the elemental mapping was carried out. The SEM images showed that microstructure of hair is irregular and rough. The average diameter of hair is 32,27 ± 4,06 µm. The obtained results showed content of elements in hair and also their distribution in the structure of hair. This findings can be a good benchmark for further studies. .

scholarly journals Chemical and Mineralogical Composition Analysis of Different Nigerian Metakaolins

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 953-964
Author(s):  
Ike Chimdieze Daniel ◽  
William Ghann ◽  
Igboko Ndubuisi Ndubuisi ◽  
Kenneth Okpala ◽  
Birol Ozturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, four different metakaolin samples (C01, A6060, B6075, and C12090) were investigated to determine their constituent elements and the relative quantities of the oxide contents associated with each of the elements. Kaolin samples were collected from different sites at Okpella, a village in the Edo state of Nigeria, West Africa. The metakaolin was produced by calcination at 750℃, which was followed by the dealumination process. The prepared samples were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Digital images were obtained and analyzed to determine the texture and porosity of the samples.  FE-SEM images showed a slight difference in the morphology of the samples. Differing percentages of metal oxides were determined from the samples using EDS analysis.  The major oxides present in all the samples were Silica (Silicon oxide) and Alumina (Aluminium dioxide). Aluminium was completely absent in C12090 but had a large percentage of silicon (36%).

PHAX-SCAN: Functional integration of a Scanning Electron Microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Marc H. Peeters ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Over the past decades, the combination of energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays and scanning electron microscopy has proved to be a powerful tool for fast and reliable elemental characterization of a large variety of specimens. The technique has evolved rapidly from a purely qualitative characterization method to a reliable quantitative way of analysis. In the last 5 years, an increasing need for automation is observed, whereby energy-dispersive analysers control the beam and stage movement of the scanning electron microscope in order to collect digital X-ray images and perform unattended point analysis over multiple locations.The Philips High-speed Analysis of X-rays system (PHAX-Scan) makes use of the high performance dual-processor structure of the EDAX PV9900 analyser and the databus structure of the Philips series 500 scanning electron microscope to provide a highly automated, user-friendly and extremely fast microanalysis system. The software that runs on the hardware described above was specifically designed to provide the ultimate attainable speed on the system.

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