Comparison of Wound Patterns in Homicide and Dyadic Death

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Betz ◽  
W Eisenmenger
Keyword(s):  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Extended Suicide ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Of Injury

A comparison of patterns of injuries between homicides and cases of dyadic death was performed. In 195 homicides, 139 deceased (71%) showed exclusively one type of trauma (mainly gunshot wounds) whereas two and even three types of trauma were detectable in 45 (23%) and 11 (6%) of the cases, respectively. In contrast, 18 out of 20 victims of dyadic death (90%) showed one type of injury (mainly gunshot wounds) and only two victims showed two types of injury. Even though different methods of killing seem to be unusual in dyadic death, even in cases with more than one victim and evidence of different types of injuries, such features cannot provide reliable information useful for a differentiation between homicide and extended suicide.

REFLECTION ON READING LITERACY IN THE CONTEX OF THE CHALLENGES OF THE NEW DIGITAL DECADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Lubomira Parijkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Reading Literacy ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
Theoretical Overview

Reading literacy has changed its character in recent decades. It increasingly goes beyond the simple skills of decoding text and retrieving information. The possibilities for skillful navigation in the information’s sea, for extracting reliable information in a „post-truth“ situation, for dealing with infodemic are among the characteristics of reading literacy today. This report provides a theoretical overview of the literature, which presents the latest policies to stimulate reading literacy, understood as critical thinking and working with different types of texts, including digital. The report also presents and analyzes the results of the 2018 PIS A literacy survey of 15-year-old students. Emphasis is placed on the performance of Bulgarian students and comparison with previous research results. Reading literacy is invariably related to digital literacy, the results of the authors research in this direction are also presented. Basic recommendations to teachers for the formation of reading literacy and critical thinking of students are done.

scholarly journals Human Papilloma Virus: Current Knowledge and Focus on Oral Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
Gabriele Cervino ◽  
Giovanni Surace ◽  
Rosa De Stefano ◽  
Luigi Laino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oral Hpv ◽  
Type Of Injury

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for different pathological manifestations in humans. This agent gives rise to lesions of different types and in different areas of the organism, including the oral cavity. The aim of this study is to show which are the main diseases for which HPV is responsible and to bring to light some of the interceptive and therapeutic strategies. The analysis was conducted by consulting the major scientific databases with the aim of obtaining information on the characteristics of oral HPV and its management; furthermore, the literature was supported by some clinical cases proposed by the authors. The role of dentistry is essential in the early diagnosis of this type of pathologies and above all in knowing how to direct patients towards a path that can lead to patient management, especially in the event that these lesions have a malignant potential. Enhancing the knowledge and role of dentistry can lead to early diagnosis of this type of injury, intercepting a pathology that could have multiorgan implications.

scholarly journals Difficult iatrogenic bile duct injuries following different types of upper abdominal surgery: report of three cases and review of literature

BMC Surgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lubikowski ◽  
Bernard Piotuch ◽  
Anna Stadnik ◽  
Marta Przedniczek ◽  
Piotr Remiszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Biliary Leak ◽  
Bile Duct Injuries ◽  
Upper Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Type Of Injury

Abstract Background Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (BDIs) are mostly associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy but may also occur following gastroduodenal surgery or liver resection. Delayed diagnosis of type of injury with an ongoing biliary leak as well as the management in a non-specialized general surgical units are still the main factors affecting the outcome. Case presentation Herein we present three types of BDIs (Bismuth type I, IV and V) following three different types of upper abdominal surgery, ie. Billroth II gastric resection, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and left hepatectomy. All of them were complex injuries with complete bile duct transections necessitating surgical treatment. All were also very difficult to treat mainly because of a delayed diagnosis of type of injury, associated biliary leak and as a consequence severe inflammatory changes within the liver hilum. The treatment was carried out in our specialist hepatobiliary unit and first focused on infection and inflammation control with adequate biliary drainage. This was followed by a delayed surgical repair with the technique which had to be tailored to the type of injury in each case. Conclusion We emphasize that staged and individualized treatment strategy is often necessary in case of a delayed diagnosis of complex BDIs presenting with a biliary leak, inflammatory intraabdominal changes and infection. Referral of such patients to expert hepatobiliary centres is crucial for the outcome.

Sports Members' Participation in Assessment of Incidence Rate of Injuries in Five Sports from Records of Hospital-Based Clinical Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kingma ◽  
Henk Jan Ten Duis
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Emergency Unit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Of Injury

This study is about the incidence rate of sports injuries in five different types of sports, gymnastics, soccer, volleyball, hockey, and basketball, for which 5,154 patients were admitted to the Emergency Unit of the Groningen University Hospital during the period 1990 through 1994. Incidence rate had been computed by membership participation. Basketball had the highest incidence rate (231 injured persons per 10,000 participants), followed by hockey (158 injured persons per 10,000 participants). The highest mean Injury Severity Score, 2.39, was found for gymnastics which had the lowest incidence rate (7 injured persons per 10,000 participants). Gymnastics had the highest percentage (12%) clinically treated patients, whereas basketball had the smallest percentage (2%) of clinically treated patients. The most frequent type of injury was distorsion, except for hockey, in which contusion had the highest percentage of occurrence. For all five types of sports, the majority (about 90%) of the injuries were observed at either the lower or at the upper extremities.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF SPINAL GUNSHOT WOUND INJURIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
ÁLYNSON LAROCCA KULCHESKI ◽  
XAVIER SOLER I GRAELLS ◽  
ANDRÉ LUÍS SEBBEN ◽  
MARCEL LUIZ BENATO ◽  
PEDRO GREIN DEL SANTORO
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Protocol ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Objective Determination

ABSTRACT Objectives Elaborate a care protocol for spinal gunshot wounds (GSWs), based on the experience of more than fifteen years of treating this type of injury. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the electronic medical record data of a tertiary hospital related to the treatment of spinal GSWs between January 2002 and January 2018. Results The management proposed was applied to 700 patients. Epidemiological data collected describes the population served. Conclusions An easy-to-use treatment flowchart was developed that, according to factors related to the neurological condition, projectile location, lesion stability and additional criteria, allows the objective determination of the best treatment option for each case. Level of evidence II; Retrospective Study.

Severe venous injury in acute trauma setup – Is there a role for endovascular treatment?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Heldenberg ◽  
Yaakov Daskal ◽  
Joseph DuBose ◽  
Gefen Sheizaf ◽  
Zvi Aizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Venous Injury ◽  
Type Of Injury

Background The role of endovascular treatment of acute traumatic venous injuries (ATVI) remains controversial. Endovascular Resuscitation and Hybrid Trauma Management (EVTM) concepts, which constitute the combination of conventional and endovascular capabilities in the treatment of vascular injuries continue to evolve, yet published reports of traumatic venous injuries treated by endovascular means remains confined to sporadic case reports. Methods A review of the medical literature from 1990 to 2017 using Pubmed and OVID Medline databases was done in order to search for reports of endovascular treatments of ATVI . No publication was excluded due to the small number of the available publications. Sixteen reports were found. The manuscripts were analyzed regarding the mechanism, location and type of injury, endovascular techniques utilized and both clinical and radiographic outcomes. Results Endovascular treatment was reported in only 16 patients with ATVI during the study period. Most cases (10/16; 62.5%) were secondary to blunt trauma, while the rest (6/16; 37.5%) were secondary to penetrating injuries equally divided between gunshot wounds (GSW) and stab wounds. Endovascular stent or stent graft utilization was employed in 12 of these cases, 2 cases were treated by endovascular embolization and in 2 cases endovascular balloons were used for temporary hemorrhage control to facilitate open surgical exposure and intervention . No mortalities related to described the endovascular interventions were reported. Conclusion The experience with endovascular treatment of ATVI remains very limited. Currently available results, although very limited in numbers, appear promising. Additional study will prove essential in defining the optimal employment of EVTM concepts in the management of venous injures, particularly as technology continues to advance and experience with these modalities increases.

Gunshot Injuries in American Trauma Centers: Analysis of the Lethality of Multiple Gunshot Wounds

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482094951
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zeineddin ◽  
Mallory Williams ◽  
Harry Nonez ◽  
Wasay Nizam ◽  
Olubode A. Olufajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Penetrating Injuries ◽  
Stab Wounds ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
National Trauma ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
Type Of Injury

Introduction Trauma center care and survival have been improving over the past several years. However, yearly firearm-related deaths have remained near constant at 33 000. One challenge to decreasing gunshot mortality is patients presenting with complex injury patterns from multiple gunshot wounds (GSWs) made possible by high-caliber automated weapons. Our study analyzes outcomes of trauma patients of firearms using the National Trauma Databank (NTDB). Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the NTDB from the years 2003-2015 for patients with penetrating injuries. We separated patients into groups based on stab wounds, single GSW, and multiple GSW. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses in which we adjusted for demographics and injury severity. Results Overall, 382 376 patients presenting with penetrating injuries were analyzed. Of those 167 671 had stab, 106 538 single GSW, and 57 819 multiple GSW injuries. Crude mortality was 1.97% for stab wounds, 13.26% for single GSW, and 18.84% for multiple GSW. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) compared with 2003 demonstrates a trend toward decreased mortality for stab wounds (OR range of 0.48-0.69, P < .05 for years 2010-2015). A similar trend was demonstrated in single GSW injuries (OR 0.31-0.83, P < .01 for years 2005-2015). Conversely, multiple GSW injuries did not follow this trend (OR 0.91-1.36 with P > 0.05 for each year). Conclusion In contrast to significant improvement in survival in patients with a single GSW injury since 2003, multiple GSW injuries still pose a challenge to trauma care. This warrants further investigation into the efficacy of legislature, and the lack thereof, as well as future preventative measures to this type of injury.

Self-inflicted submental and transoral gunshot wounds that produce nonfatal brain injuries: management and prognosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Kriet ◽  
Robert B. Stanley ◽  
M. Sean Grady
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Penetrating brain injuries caused by self-inflicted gunshot wounds are very often fatal and survivors suffer serious disabilities. Recognition of a possibly more favorable prognosis for a specific type of injury, the submental or transoral handgun or low-energy rifle wound, prompted the authors to review their experience with patients who had attempted suicide in this manner. Methods. The records of 11 consecutive patients seen over a 10-year period (1992–2001) were retrospectively reviewed. Handguns were used by eight patients and .22 caliber rifles by the others. The patients presented with predominantly unilateral frontal brain injuries that required urgent attention. One elderly patient who had made an advance directive concerning care died. All other patients underwent craniotomy and repair of associated ophthalmological and maxillofacial injuries. Follow-up review ranged from 9 months to 3 years, during which time there were no repeated suicide attempts. All but one patient expressed satisfaction with their appearance and returned to a self-sufficient lifestyle. Conclusions. Self-inflicted submental and transoral handgun and low-energy rifle wounds may produce serious but survivable brain injuries if the path of the bullet is limited to the frontal area. Early aggressive management of brain, dural, and craniomaxillofacial injuries should return the patient to a highly functional neurological status and restore an acceptable outward appearance. Outcomes, therefore, appear to be much better for these patients than for most patients with a penetrating brain injury due to a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

Post-mortem analysis of gunshot wounds to the head and thorax in dogs by computed tomography, radiography and forensic necropsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 002580242097117
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Grela ◽  
Kinga Panasiuk-Flak ◽  
Piotr Listos ◽  
Magdalena Gryzińska ◽  
Grzegorz Buszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Traumatic

In view of the scarcity of literature data on the use of radiological imaging techniques in forensic veterinary medicine, while at the same time the number of reported crimes against animals involving the use of firearms is rising, this paper attempts to assess the usefulness of radiography and computed tomography (CT) in the post-mortem diagnosis of gunshot wounds (GSW) in comparison to classic necropsy. The design of the experiment was as follows: preparation of the research material (13 dog carcasses), shooting of the material from different distances (1.5 and 12 m, plus one contact shot to the head) and using different types of ammunition, followed by X-rays and CT scans in each case to examine the injuries resulting from the shot. The final steps of the experiment were photographic documentation and autopsy by the Virchow method. In the examined material, post-traumatic bone lesions and the presence of metallic foreign bodies were successfully imaged by both radiography and CT. GSW analysis using CT provided much better data quality and some additional information. Two general conclusions can be drawn from the results of the experiment. First, damage caused by gunshots is correlated with the calibre, initial velocity and kinetic energy of the projectile, as well as the distance from the muzzle of the gun to the object shot. Second, radiological examination is useful in preparing forensic veterinary opinions. Used as a complement to classic necropsy, they increase the possibility of an accurate post-mortem diagnosis of shooting victims.

IL-1R1–dependent signaling coordinates epithelial regeneration in response to intestinal damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (59) ◽  
pp. eabe8856
Author(s):  
Christian B. Cox ◽  
Elaine E. Storm ◽  
Varun N. Kapoor ◽  
Joseph Chavarria-Smith ◽  
David L. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Epithelial Regeneration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Of Injury

Repair of the intestinal epithelium is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis. The response after epithelial damage needs to be local and proportional to the insult. How different types of damage are coupled to repair remains incompletely understood. We report that after distinct types of intestinal epithelial damage, IL-1R1 signaling in GREM1+ mesenchymal cells increases production of R-spondin 3 (RSPO3), a Wnt agonist required for intestinal stem cell self-renewal. In parallel, IL-1R1 signaling regulates IL-22 production by innate lymphoid cells and promotes epithelial hyperplasia and regeneration. Although the regulation of both RSPO3 and IL-22 is critical for epithelial recovery from Citrobacter rodentium infection, IL-1R1–dependent RSPO3 production by GREM1+ mesenchymal cells alone is sufficient and required for recovery after dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis. These data demonstrate how IL-1R1–dependent signaling orchestrates distinct repair programs tailored to the type of injury sustained that are required to restore intestinal epithelial barrier function.

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