The economic case for further fiscal decentralisation to Scotland: theoretical and empirical perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. R27-R36 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bell ◽  
David Eiser
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Made In

This paper examines the background to calls for further fiscal decentralisation in Scotland in the light of theories of fiscal federalism. In particular, it examines whether spatial differences in preferences, which are central to ‘first generation’ theories of fiscal federalism can be argued to play a central role in the case for granting Scotland further tax and spending powers. ‘Second generation’ theories of fiscal federalism draw attention to the political economy of allocating tax powers to different levels of government. Some of the authors in this strand of theory argue that the case for allocating tax powers to subnational governments can be made in terms of ‘accountability’ – the notion that local politicians can be better held to account for the outcomes of policy actions. Our empirical analysis suggests that there is no clear difference in preferences between Scotland and the rest of the UK along a number of key political dimensions. However, the Scottish parliament enjoys substantially higher levels of trust among the Scottish electorate than does the UK parliament.

Fiscal Federalism and the Stability and Growth Pact: a Difficult Union**

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Balassone ◽  
Daniele Franco
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Stability And Growth Pact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Growth Pact ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Stability Pact ◽  
Cyclical Policy ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The budget rules that frame the European Monetary Union apply to the national States. Several EMU member nations are already organised on a federal basis; others, pressed by political and economic needs, have started to enact reforms aimed at increasing the degree of decentralisation. This paper examines the financial relations among different levels of government relative to the need to respect the budgetary rules established by the European Union. The analysis points out several critical areas in the interaction of fiscal decentralisation and the Stability and Growth Pact: a trade-off between the allocative benefits of decentralisation and exploiting the margins for counter-cyclical policy offered by compliance with the Pact is identified. The issue has been addressed in Italy through the introduction of the Domestic Stability Pact; this analysis stresses the need for further significant refinements.

The Scottish Constitution

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-155
Author(s):  
Alan Page
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Constitutional Conventions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

Devolution has made it meaningful to talk of a Scottish constitution in the ‘unwritten’ Westminster tradition. It is not set out in a comprehensive written statement but in a mixture of statutes, judicial decisions, constitutional conventions, and ‘soft law’. Its primary source is the Scotland Act 1998, which established the legislative and executive institutions of devolved government, but not the judicial institutions already guaranteed by the Acts of Union three centuries before. Competence over the Scottish constitution for the most part lies with the UK Parliament. Attempts were made to entrench the devolution settlement following the No vote in the 2014 independence referendum. An ‘interim constitution’ would have replaced it had Scotland voted Yes. The current constitution may not have been ‘made in Scotland’ but it incorporates important safeguards against the abuse of state power which ought not to be lost sight of in consideration of what might replace it. The chapter concludes by indicating some of the possible directions of reform that might be pursued by the Scottish Parliament in the exercise of its as yet limited legislative competence over the constitution.

The Political Class in Scotland

2020 ◽  
pp. 499-511
Author(s):  
Michael Keating ◽  
Paul Cairney ◽  
Stefano Intropido
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Second World

In the period following the Second World War, Scottish MPs formed a distinct group. Scottish Labour MPs were more likely to be working class and Scottish Conservative MPs more upper class than their counterparts elsewhere in the UK. Over time, both groups became more middle class, but the differences between the nations remained. Devolution produced a step change, as Members of the Scottish Parliament were more likely to be drawn from the professional middle classes than MPs across the UK. This trend has continued. The new generation of Scottish Conservative MPs and MSPs following the Conservative revival after 2014 resemble their SNP and Labour counterparts in their background. There was an increase in female representation with the first generation of MSPs but progress has since stalled. In Scotland, as at Westminster, a notable feature has been the rise of the professional politician from a ‘politics-facilitating’ background.

scholarly journals Fiscal Decentralisation and Economic Theory

2017 ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Neringa Slavinskaite
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation

There is no complete overview or discussion of the literature of the economics of federalism and Fiscal decentralization, even though scholarly interest in the topic has been increasing significantly over recent years. This paper provides a general, brief but comprehensive overview of the main insights from the literature on fiscal federalism and decentralization. In doing so, literature on fiscal federalism and decentralization is grouped into two main approaches: "first generation of theories" and "second generation of theories".

scholarly journals Public service media in the age of SVoDs: A comparative study of PSM strategic responses in Flanders, Italy and the UK

2021 ◽  
pp. 016344372097290
Author(s):  
Alessandro D’Arma ◽  
Tim Raats ◽  
Jeanette Steemers
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Online Video ◽  
Competitive Displacement ◽  
Strategic Responses ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels

Netflix and other transnational online video streaming services are disrupting long-established arrangements in national television systems around the world. In this paper we analyse how public service media (PSM) organisations (key purveyors of societal goals in broadcasting) are responding to the fast-growing popularity of these new services. Drawing on Philip Napoli’s framework for analysing strategic responses by established media to threats of competitive displacement by new media, we find that the three PSM organisations in our study exhibit commonalities. Their responses have tended to follow a particular evolution starting with different levels of complacency and resistance before settling into more coherent strategies revolving around efforts to differentiate PSM offerings, while also diversifying into activities, primarily across new platforms, that mimic SVoD approaches and probe production collaborations. Beyond these similarities, however, we also find that a range of contextual factors (including path-dependency, the role and status of PSM in each country, the degree of additional government support, cultural factors and market size) help explain nuances in strategic responses between our three cases.

scholarly journals Against management: Auto-critique

Organization ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 135050842110209
Author(s):  
Martin Parker
Keyword(s):  
Business School ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North Western ◽  
Made In ◽  
Highly Cited

In this review I consider the 20 years that have passed since the publication of my book Against Management. I begin by locating it in the context of the expanding business schools of the UK in the 1990s, and the growth of CMS in north western Europe. After positioning the book within its time, and noting that the book is now simultaneously highly cited and irrelevant, I then explore the arguments I made in the final chapter. If the book is of interest for the next two decades, it because it gestures towards the importance of alternative forms of organization, which I continue to maintain are not reducible to ‘management’. Given the intensifying crises of climate, ecology, inequality and democracy, developing alternatives must be understood as the historical task of CMS within the business school and I propose a ten-point manifesto in support of that commitment.

scholarly journals Shape-shifting and pushing against the odds: staff perceptions of the experiences of first generation students in South Africa and the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Forsyth ◽  
Claire Hamshire ◽  
Danny Fontaine-Rainen ◽  
Leza Soldaat
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
First Generation Students ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
University Life ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe principles of diversity and inclusion are valued across the higher education sector, but the ways in which these principles are translated into pedagogic practice are not always evident. Students who are first in their family to attend university continue to report barriers to full participation in university life. They are more likely to leave their studies early, and to achieve lower grades in their final qualifications, than students whose families have previous experience of higher education. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a mismatch between staff perceptions and students’ experiences might be a possible contributor to these disparities. The study explored and compared staff discourses about the experiences of first generation students at two universities, one in the United Kingdom (UK), and the other in South Africa (SA). One-to-one interviews were carried out with 40 staff members (20 at each institution) to explore their views about first generation students. The results showed that staff were well aware of challenges faced by first generation students; however, they were unsure of their roles in relation to shaping an inclusive environment, and tended not to consider how to use the assets that they believed first generation students bring with them to higher education. This paper explores these staff discourses; and considers proposals for challenging commonly-voiced assumptions about students and university life in a broader context of diversity and inclusive teaching practice.

scholarly journals A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin N. Danson ◽  
Malcolm White ◽  
John R. M. Barr ◽  
Thomas Bett ◽  
Peter Blyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
High Power ◽  
Laser Action ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
High Power Laser ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

Abstract The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T. H. Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories, USA. Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials, operating at different wavelengths. In the UK, academia, industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications. This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology, the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

scholarly journals Meet the relatives: a reintroduction to the clinical pharmacology of ‘typical’ antipsychotics (Part 2)

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cunningham Owens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
First Generation ◽  
World Market ◽  
Substituted Benzamide ◽  
Market Leader ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Typical Antipsychotics

SummaryThis second of two articles on the ‘typical’ (‘first-generation’) antipsychotics covers non-phenothiazines: thioxanthenes (flupentixol and zuclopenthixol), butyrophenones/diphenylbutylpiperidines (including one-time world market-leader haloperidol, and pimozide) and sulpiride, for many years the only substituted benzamide available in the UK. Several tolerability issues ascribed specifically or more frequently to older antipsychotics are also discussed.

Theorising anti-racism in health and social care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Choonara
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels

The emergence of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 in the context of a COVID-19 pandemic that was already disproportionally impacting on the lives of people from black, Asian and other minority ethnicities in the UK and the US has provoked scrutiny of how racism impacts on all areas of our lives. This article will examine some competing theories of racism, and ask what theoretical tools we need to successfully confront racism in health and social care. In particular, it will scrutinise the different levels at which racism operates – individual, institutional and structural – and ask how these are related. Furthermore, it will argue against theories that see racism as a product of whiteness per se or ‘white supremacy’, insisting instead that racism should be understood as firmly bound to the functioning and perpetuation of capitalism.

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