Analyzing the international trade-related food miles in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Hassan Mohammadian Mosammam ◽  
Mozaffar Sarrafi ◽  
Jamileh Tavakoli Nia ◽  
Ali Mohammadian Mosammam
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Food Miles ◽  
Related Energy ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Food Imports

The aim of this article was to present a “snapshot” of Iran’s total import-related food miles and associated direct environmental costs in 1999 and 2013. Based on a customized model, the import-related “food miles” was calculated for 14 food groups. The methods used provide new insights to be obtained about how far agricultural products travel from their point of production to the main cities in Iran. We also calculated travel-related energy use and CO2 emissions based on different transport modes. Distance and agricultural products data were obtained from national and international sources. Produce arriving at the main cities in Iran were typically transported more than 15,456 km in 1999. In 2013, however, average food miles have fallen 47%, largely driven by indirect food imports. In terms of energy use, imported products accounted for 130,855 TJ of energy use in 1999; this was reduced by 10% in 2013. Moreover, these changes account for more than 10 and 9 Mt of food miles-related CO2 emissions in 1999 and 2013, respectively. There is an opportunity to re-legislate and revise policies regarding both imported and domestically grown food.

Analysis of the transport of imported food in Spain and its contribution to global warming

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pérez Neira ◽  
Xavier Simón Fernández ◽  
Damián Copena Rodríguez ◽  
Marta Soler Montiel ◽  
Manuel Delgado Cabeza
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Food Miles ◽  
Agric Food ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Food Imports

AbstractThrough the process of globalization, food has experienced an intense territorial restructuring process. Local agric-food links have weakened at the same time as daily products arrived from distant lands. There is presently a wide international debate on the importance of transport in the configuration of the agric-food system and its contribution in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG). The direct environmental costs of the transport of imported food, that is the ‘external food miles’, have been estimated in kilometer (km), ton (t), ton-kilometer (t-km) and GHG in Spain between 1995 and 2011. The analysis is made by ten food groups including 136 products, with special attention to the most important ones (cereals and animal feed), as well as by means of transport (air, rail, road and water) and from 113 different countries belonging to six geographical areas. Two phases are identified during this period: an expansive phase (1995–2007), in which the t-km of imported food increased from 81.8 to 147.8 million t-km and environmental pressure rose from 3.1 to 5.4 million CO2-eq t, and a recession phase (2007–2011), in which environmental pressure subsided as a consequence of the reduction of imports, even though it still remained above the 1995 level. The article reveals a clear interrelation between amounts, distances and modal distribution when it comes to determining the environmental cost of transporting food imports in the two periods studied. It also reflects on the role of the external food miles in the Spanish agri-food system from a sustainability perspective.

scholarly journals LOCAL CONSUMPTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN BULGARIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
G. Aleksiev
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Food Imports

Bulgarian agriculture has undergone several transformations at the end of the 20th and the first two decades of the 21st century. The ever-increasing use of modern technology has led to the concentration of production with a focus on oil seeds, corn, wheat, and other cereals. This form of development of the sector has led to the dependence on food imports for some of the major food groups. The goal of this study is to analyze the local consumption of agricultural products in Bulgaria in order to draw a conclusion on any discrepancies between food supply and demand in the country. To achieve its goal, the study must focus on a few important topics: to analyze the food production structure in the country; to study the local consumption of agricultural products; to draw conclusions and offer development policies focused on sustainability.

The impact of exchange rate on price and export of agricultural production

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Rasulov Tulkin Sattarovich ◽  
Khushvaktov Kuvonchbek Ravshanovich
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
International Trade Laws ◽  
The Impact

In today’s world of swiftly increasing global economy and continuously changing international trade laws and technology exchange rate plays a pivotal role in the production, price formation, export and import of agricultural products. For many years exchange rate as an integral part of agricultural economics has been ignored. The present study was intended to investigate exchange rate as an impacting factor on the agricultural production. It also considers the researches that have been carried about the impact of the exchange rate on prices and export of agricultural products, theirs analyses and how much impact it has in the situation of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Energy implications of the millennium drought on urban water cycles in Southeast Australian cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
K. L. Lam ◽  
P. A. Lant ◽  
S. J. Kenway
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Related Energy ◽  
Millennium Drought ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract During the Millennium Drought in Australia, a wide range of supply-side and demand-side water management strategies were adopted in major southeast Australian cities. This study undertakes a time-series quantification (2001–2014) and comparative analysis of the energy use of the urban water supply systems and sewage systems in Melbourne and Sydney before, during and after the drought, and evaluates the energy implications of the drought and the implemented strategies. In addition, the energy implications of residential water use in Melbourne are estimated. The research highlights that large-scale adoption of water conservation strategies can have different impacts on energy use in different parts of the urban water cycle. In Melbourne, the per capita water-related energy use reduction in households related to showering and clothes-washing alone (46% reduction, 580 kWhth/p/yr) was far more substantial than that in the water supply system (32% reduction, 18 kWhth/p/yr). This historical case also demonstrates the importance of balancing supply- and demand-side strategies in managing long-term water security and related energy use. The significant energy saving in water supply systems and households from water conservation can offset the additional energy use from operating energy-intensive supply options such as inter-basin water transfers and seawater desalination during dry years.

International trade related food miles – The case of Canada

Food Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meidad Kissinger
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Food Miles

Lauksaimniecības produktu pašnodrošinājums Latvijā

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Aija Eglīte ◽  
Marija Dūduma ◽  
Sandra Lejniece
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
The Self ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
World Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Agriculture plays a major role in ensuring the existence of humanity. Today, the agricultural industry is playing an increasingly important role as farmers not only supply food to the world's population but also provide some people with jobs, particularly in rural areas, and protect and develop the rural landscape, without which we cannot imagine our world. Food production is one of the most important prerequisites for agriculture, yet the problem is whether the agricultural output in Latvia is able to meet the demand for food by the country's population in relation to the main food groups. The research aims to examine the self-sufficiency of agricultural products in Latvia. The research is based on annual agricultural reports and statistics for the period of 2011-2018 provided by the Rural Support Service. The key research results reveal that the output significantly exceeds consumption for some food groups, yet there are some agricultural products that highly depend on import.

Who Wants an Automated Vehicle?

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
David A. Thurlow ◽  
Ben D. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Social Inequity ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Vehicle Automation

New advancements in vehicle automation, electrification, data connectivity, and digital methods of sharing—known collectively as New Mobility—are poised to revolutionize transportation as it is known today. Exactly what results this disruption will lead to, however, remains unknown, as indeed the technologies and their uses are still taking shape amidst myriad interests. The impacts of this shift to New Mobility could be enormous, shaping economies, cities, and the lives of people in them. It is therefore vitally important for public interests to play a strong role in the development and deployment of these technologies. With the current trajectory of these technologies warning of the potential for increased energy use, environmental costs, and social inequity, interests at the community level need to be included and influential as soon as possible.

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