Plant sciences, public policies and food security

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Robert S Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Food security was a major global concern in the second half of the 20th century. A positive feedback loop between public policy and technological innovation created abundant food supplies that averted predictions of famine and social chaos. Following the successful global effort to combat hunger, policy attention turned to problems of the environmental footprint of agriculture and other nutrition and diet-related health problems. Policies are developed in response to challenges presented by technology-induced change. As the rate of technological change accelerates, policy makers struggle to keep up and policies risk becoming irrelevant or stymying positive impact of innovation. Public or philanthropic investments created the foundation for private investment in technologies that have been widely adopted. As the public sector reduces its investments in research and development, it is not clear that the private sector has the appetite or means to make the needed investments. Examples of challenges facing agriculture and food security include access to and use of genetic resources, genetically modified crops and the global community’s ability to respond to and mitigate human-induced climate change. Proposed solutions to the world’s many serious challenges almost invariably involve some kind of coordinated and coherent multilateral institutional actions. Yet, today, global political trends appear to be shifting to more unilateral, bilateral and nationalistic perspectives hampering our capacity to respond effectively.

scholarly journals Regional trade and food security challenges: The case of SAARC countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Khalid ◽  
Ashar Sultan Kayani ◽  
Jamal Mohammed Alotaibi ◽  
Muhammad Muddassir ◽  
Bader Alhafi Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Partners

Higher consumption and increased import requirements for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region can be catered through neighboring trade partners if resources are optimally utilized. The purpose of this research is to analyze the connection between regional trade of SAARC countries and the food security challenges faced by the region. The study uses data from 1990–2018 for Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh to econometrically analyze the determinants of the volume of food trade. The results show that the gross domestic product of importing or exporting countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) have positive impact on regional trade. The bilateral exchange rate between trading partners has a negative impact on the trade volume. The results also showed the absence of a long-run relationship between volume of trade and food security using Johansen’s cointegration test. Our analysis suggests that policy makers should focus on the means for creating favorable environment in Pakistan and India to not only meet the increasing global demands for food but also increasing their competitiveness for high-quality and low-quality priced products in major exports markets.

scholarly journals Integrating wood fuels into agriculture and food security agendas and research in sub-Saharan Africa

FACETS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Mendum ◽  
Mary Njenga
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Cooking Energy ◽  
Wood Fuels ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Agriculture And Food

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), food security can be influenced by many factors including farmer productivity, access to soil amendments, labor availability, and family incomes (just to name a few). In this paper, we suggest that an additional issue contributes to food insecurity and has been historically absent from the discussion, namely access to cooking energy, particularly for very low income, food insecure individuals. This paper examines the most recent literature that describes the central role played by wood fuels, in particular firewood and charcoal, as a vital, though controversial, source of fuel used by the vast majority of rural and urban sub-Saharan Africans. We explore the reality that although the health risks of collecting and using firewood and charcoal in traditional manners are real, policy makers, researchers, and donors need to address the sustainability and viability of the current fuel types used by the majority of people. We end the paper with a series of practical suggestions for improving the wood fuel systems as they currently exist in the region.

scholarly journals CHALLANGES FACING THE EMERGING ECONOMY DURING COVID-19 THE CASE OF JORDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Basem Al-Lozi ◽  
Sheren Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges of the Jordanian economy during COVID-19. The Jordanian economy may have to face different scenarios in his macro-environment. Specifically, the study focused on the impact COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy. Methodology: An exploratory research method was used to build three scenarios. The sample randomly selected from Jordanians in the capital of Jordan Amman. The study divided the sample to three groups and asking them three questions related to the expectations of the impact of COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy for the coming years. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of respondents (55.2%) are optimistic that the COVID-19 will finish and Jordan economy will be booming. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Recommendations were provided for Jordanian policy makers to deal scenarios. For example Jordan government and policy makers has to be pragmatic, and work toward lowering level of expectations among Jordanian economy to avoid the negative impact of COVID-19 on the economy. Cooperation between the public sector and private sector in implementing the instructions of the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health to decrease the number of cases to open more sectors which will have a positive impact on the Jordanian economy.

scholarly journals Effect of Public Investment on Private Investment: Evidence from Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Merga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Ardl Bounds Testing Approach

This study examined the effect of public investment on private investment and their relative effects on Ethiopia economic growth. The study employed the ARDL bounds testing approach. The empirical results revealed that public investment has a crowding-in effect on private investment in the long run which means, public investment stimulates private investment in the long run. However, the study revealed that public investment has a crowding out effect on private investment. In the other word, public investment has no direct impact on economic growth in the long run. However, private investment has a significant positive impact on economic growth in the long run while it is negatively related to economic growth in the short run. This suggests that private investment positively contributes to economic growth more than public investment. In addition, economic growth is positively associated with private investment although it is statistically insignificant in the long run. This implies that it is prudent for policy makers not to cut back on the efficient component of public investment and increase infrastructural public investment to a level that promotes private investment in the long run thereby indirectly fostering economic growth.

Political support for reforms of the pension system: two experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA FONTOURA GOUVEIA
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe conduct two randomized control trials designed to understand the role of information and priming on the willingness to retrench the pension system. The first entails a survey to a sample of Portuguese voters, who are randomly presented with a text providing factual information about the public pension system. The second surveys a sample of Portuguese University students, randomly presented with an alternative order of questions. We show that more literacy on the pension system has a positive impact on the individual willingness to support reforms. Given that public opinion is usually seen as an important deterrent of effective action by politicians and that the level of voters’ literacy can be influenced by policy action, this analysis may provide useful insights to policy makers faced with the challenge of reforming existent pension systems. Our analysis also suggests that priming effects should not be ignored, given their impact in individuals in the extremes of the political spectrum.

scholarly journals Climate change related policy environment in agriculture and food security in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Shree Bhagavan Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Workers ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Agriculture is the main stay of Nepal's economy. This provides about one-third of national GDP and two-third of national employment. Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change due to more marginal farmers with small landholding, limited irrigation, low income level, limited institutional capacity, and greater dependency on climate-sensitive natural resources. The adverse effect of climate change on agriculture impacts on farm revenue, employment, income and GDP. Policy formulation in agriculture and food security sector concerning to climate change has become an imperative for poverty reduction, livelihood improvement and economic development. Compliance with global and national agreement, review of existing policy will provide an essential foundation to policy makers, planners and development workers to reform process. This paper intended to find the strength and weaknesses of existing plans, policies, strategies, acts which will support stakeholders in agricultural development.

scholarly journals Analisis evaluasi kebijakan publik bantuan tunai: studi kasus bantuan tunai di provinsi Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Ratna Atika Supriadi ◽  
◽  
Miranda Widya Astuti ◽  
Siti Darina Siti Darina ◽  
Iga Frediani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cash Assistance ◽  
The People

Purpose: This study aimed to see the extent to which the public policy of cash assistance in Lampung Province can be appropriately realized and on target. Research methodology: In analyzing the evaluation of cash transfer public policies in Lampung Province, it was carried out using descriptive analysis methods, with data collection applications using questionnaires and literature study. Result: The implementation of this policy is still not good, when viewed from public policy evaluation indicators. However, this policy has had a positive impact on the people who receive assistance. Limitation: The limitation of this study is the lack of data obtained. From the data obtained through the questionnaire, only 30 data were entered, while in the literature study the data obtained were only data in the form of the total amount of aid funds and the number of aid recipients. Contribution: This research is useful for Lampung and policy makers' people to see whether the implementation of the cash transfer policy has been implemented properly or not.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

The Impact of the Public Expenditure Cuts Policy on the Labor Market in Vietnam

2012 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
Toan Pham Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public expenditure cuts on employment and income to support policies for the development of the labor mar- ket. Impact evaluation is of interest for policy makers as well as researchers. This paper presents a method – that is based on a Computable General Equilibrium model – to analyse the impact of the public expenditure cuts policy on employment and income in industries and occupations in Vietnam using macro data, the Input output table, 2006, 2008 and the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey.

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