The Impact of the Public Expenditure Cuts Policy on the Labor Market in Vietnam

Impact Evaluation ◽

Public Expenditure ◽

Living Standard ◽

Input Output ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Public ◽

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public expenditure cuts on employment and income to support policies for the development of the labor mar- ket. Impact evaluation is of interest for policy makers as well as researchers. This paper presents a method – that is based on a Computable General Equilibrium model – to analyse the impact of the public expenditure cuts policy on employment and income in industries and occupations in Vietnam using macro data, the Input output table, 2006, 2008 and the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey.

The impact of the COVID-19 enforced lockdown and fiscal package on the South African economy and environment: a preliminary analysis

Environment and Development Economics ◽

10.1017/s1355770x21000243 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu ◽

Martin Henseler ◽

Ramos Mabugu ◽

Helene Maisonnave

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Greenhouse Gas Balance ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Poor Households ◽

Short Run ◽

The Government ◽

Abstract This paper offers a quantitative assessment of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown and government fiscal plan, containing ‘green’ elements on the economy and the environment of South Africa. The analysis uses a dynamic computable general equilibrium model operationalised using a social accounting matrix coupled with a greenhouse gas balance and emissions data. We find that while the economy is harshly impacted by the pandemic in the short term, the government fiscal package ameliorates and cushions the negative effects on poor households. Importantly, an adaptation of the fiscal package towards a ‘greener’ policy achieves the same economic outcome and reduces unemployment. Carbon dioxide emissions decrease in the short run due to economic slowdown. This improvement persists until 2030. These results can be used as decision support for policy makers on how to orient the post COVID-19 policies to be pro-poor and pro-environment, and thus, ‘build back better and fairer’.

Macroeconomic and environmental consequences of circular economy measures in a small open economy

The Annals of Regional Science ◽

10.1007/s00168-021-01079-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Brusselaers ◽

K. Breemersch ◽

T. Geerken ◽

M. Christis ◽

B. Lahcen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fiscal Policy ◽

Open Economy ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Small Open Economy ◽

Fiscal Policies ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

AbstractThis paper investigates the economy-wide impact of the uptake of circular economy (CE) measures for the small open economy (SOE) of Belgium, in particular the impact of fiscal policies in support of lifetime extension through repair activities of household appliances. The impact assessment is completed by means of a computable general equilibrium model as this allows quantification of both the direct and indirect economic and environmental impact of simulated shocks. The results show that different fiscal policy types can steer an economy into a more circular direction. However, depending on the policy type, the impact on the SOE’s macroeconomic structure and level of circularity differs. Furthermore, common claims attributed to a CE (e.g. local job creation or decreased import dependence) can be, but are not always, valid. Hence, policy-makers must prioritize their most important macroeconomic goals and opt for an according fiscal policy. Finally, this paper finds that the CO2 equivalent emissions calculated from a production (or territorial) perspective increase, while they decrease from a consumption perspective. This is explained by the substitution of international activities by local circular activities. This comparative analysis advocates for the consumption approach to assess the CE’s impact on CO2 equivalent emissions.

Assessment of Sustainable Development of the Performance of Higher Education Credentials in the Transitive Labor Market

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092628 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2628 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aftab Ahmed Memon ◽

Zhimin Liu

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Labor Market ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Public And Private ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Public ◽

Low Education ◽

Economic Survey ◽

Given the transitive challenges in the labor market, education can provide a sustainable developmental map for worldwide economic prosperity. Deep understanding of the dynamics of human capital, reflecting earnings aspirations in the labor market, indicates the need for policy makers to monitor and modify pedagogical curricula to meet the supply/demand of markets based on scientific evidence. In this study, we propose a methodology based on a household integrated economic survey (HIES) and, using different models, assess the impact of attained education and returns on the practical utility of skills within the context of a transitive labor market. We observe that effort levels are snowballing and rejection rates are declining for people with higher education (HE), whereas wage offers decline for people with low education (LE). Our results reveal significant differences in the supply/demand factors of both the public and private markets’ one-shot and continual affiliations. We conclude the impact of sheepskin effects and the implication of our findings.

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization ◽

10.1515/jafio-2021-0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Jock R. Anderson ◽

Regina Birner ◽

Latha Najarajan ◽

Anwar Naseem ◽

Carl E. Pray

Keyword(s):

Poverty Reduction ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Agricultural Technologies ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Public ◽

The Poor ◽

The World ◽

Agricultural Research And Development ◽

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Working Conditions, Employment, Career Development and Well-Being of Refugee Researchers

Societies ◽

10.3390/soc11030071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Ourania Tzoraki ◽

Svetlana Dimitrova ◽

Marin Barzakov ◽

Saad Yaseen ◽

Vasilis Gavalas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Home Setting ◽

The Public ◽

Work From Home ◽

The ongoing ‘refugee crisis’ of the past years has led to the migration of refugee researchers (RRs) to European countries. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, RRs often had to work from home and/or to continue their social, cultural and economic integration process under new conditions. An online survey carried out to explore the impact of the pandemic on the refugee researchers showed that RRs found it difficult to adapt their everyday working life to the ‘home’ setting. The majority have had neither a suitable work environment at home nor the appropriate technology. Although they stated that they are rather pleased with the measures taken by the public authorities, they expressed concern about their vulnerability due to their precarious contracts and the bureaucratic asylum procedures, as the pandemic has had a negative impact on these major issues. The majority of RRs working in academia seem not to have been affected at all as far as their income is concerned, while the majority of those employed in other sectors became unemployed during the pandemic (58%). Recommendations are provided to the public authorities and policy makers to assist RRs to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic on their life.

Earnings, EITC, and Employment Responses to a $15 Minimum Wage: Will Low-Income Workers Be Better Off?

Economic Development Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0891242419880269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 331-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fahad Fahimullah ◽

Yi Geng ◽

Bradley Hardy ◽

Daniel Muhammad ◽

Jeffrey Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Minimum Wage ◽

Low Income ◽

Perfect Competition ◽

Tax Credit ◽

Wage Policy ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Consumer Prices ◽

The City

The District of Columbia will increase its minimum wage to $15 per hour in 2020. The city also provides a local refundable earned income tax credit (EITC) equal to 40% of the federal EITC. Using a computable general equilibrium model, the authors estimate the economic impact of the $15 wage policy. They also use a tax policy microsimulation model to estimate how the city’s EITC interacts with a higher minimum wage. Overall, the authors find that the higher minimum wage will produce significant income gains for most of the city’s low-wage workers, with relatively few job losses. Additionally, they forecast that most city EITC recipients will receive a lower EITC, but higher earnings more than offset the reduced tax credit. The model predicts that this policy change would largely be funded by higher consumer prices, lower firm profits, and higher business productivity. These predictions are subject to important caveats, including a local labor market that is likely inadequately characterized in a model assuming perfect competition. Economic policy makers should therefore use such modeling approaches as a powerful but ultimately imperfect tool.

Cancer control planning

Oxford Textbook of Oncology ◽

10.1093/med/9780199656103.003.0027 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 245-255

Author(s):

Massoud Samiei

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Control Plan ◽

The Public ◽

Cancer Data ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

The Impact ◽

National Cancer Control Plan

Despite all the progress made in cancer research and in the fight against cancer, the disease cannot be completely eradicated in the foreseeable future. A logical public health measure must therefore focus all efforts on preventing and confining the disease, i.e. a systematic and coordinated approach to reduce the impact of cancer on populations. Such an organised approach is called cancer control. It forms part of a holistic and coordinated approach, called a national cancer control plan/ programme (NCCP), involving the public sector, non-governmental organizations, academia, and the private sector. Policy makers and cancer advocacy groups should consider cancer control planning, and its financing and implementation, a public health necessity and not an option. The model proposed here is a hybrid one. The success of cancer control planning depends greatly on the availability and functionality of local cancer data and knowledge, in addition to adequate resources and government commitment.

The impact of tariff reduction on poverty in Zimbabwe, A CGE top-down approach

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences ◽

10.4102/sajems.v8i1.1287 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 102-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Chitiga ◽

R Mabugu

Keyword(s):

Policy Reform ◽

Tariff Reduction ◽

Trade Liberalisation ◽

Social Accounting Matrix ◽

Micro Data ◽

New Approach ◽

Poor Households ◽

This paper uses a relatively new approach to quantify the effects of trade liberalisation on poverty. It relies on the combination of a standard, social accounting, matrix-based, computable general equilibrium model and household micro-data. These two tools are used sequentially in order to simulate the impact of trade policy reform. This framework enables the decomposition of the effects of trade liberalisation, which in turn allows for an analysis of alternative social policy packages. The methodology is applied to Zimbabwe for illustration. The results show that poverty is reduced by tariff reduction, although the poor households get the least benefits.