The Winged Bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus: Past, Present, and Future

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Valíček
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Beans have long been an important source of human and animal nutrition, especially as a source of protein. Recently much attention has been diverted to the possible large-scale cultivation of the winged bean, especially in developing countries. It has many alternative properties, not least of which is that almost the entire plant can be utilized. This article reviews the present status of the crop and the research and development needed for it to achieve its full potential.

scholarly journals Challenges for marine macroalgal biomass production in Indian coastal waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Kapilkumar Nivrutti Ingle ◽  
Hadar Traugott ◽  
Alexander Golberg
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Seaweed Cultivation ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Macroalgal Biomass ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation ◽  
Macroalgal Cultivation ◽  
Seaweed Industry

AbstractDue to its large, exclusive economic zone, India has considerable potential for implementing large-scale cultivation of macroalgae. However, such cultivation requires the availability of, and access to, sites where technical, legal, governmental, and environmental factors are favorable. This review discusses the challenges that have held back the development of seaweed cultivation in India. The review is based on a literature survey and informal discussions with industry-related personnel. It cites the strong need for clear and definitive policies related to access to and use of coastal waters to enable the Indian seaweed industry to reach its full potential. The main challenges that the expansion of macroalgal cultivation in India face are related to legal and regulatory aspects that can be resolved by focusing the policy issues on providing planning tools toward success. In addition, there is a strong need for an adequate bioeconomy that clearly defines the need for marine macroalgal biomass for food, chemicals, and biofuels. Furthermore, the Indian government needs to allocate sufficient funds for accelerating seaweed R&D in areas of seaweed cultivation, harvesting, processing technologies, and their implementation in the local industry.

Buffaloes and Draught Power

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charan Chantalakhana ◽  
Pakapun Bunyavejchewin
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Small Farmer ◽  
Animal Power ◽  
Draught Animals

Draught animals still do much of the work on farms in developing countries, as well as being used for transportation. Despite the efforts made by governments to promote mechanization, tractors are not a realistic alternative for the average small farmer. Animals such as the buffalo have been used for centuries without causing any air or water pollution or soil compaction; they are an integral part of a sustainable agriculture, producing milk, meat and manure without any external cash inputs, and they buffer the farmer against crop failure and provide companionship. Draught animal power on small farms is not a backward way of farming but it needs support from research and development agencies if it is to develop its full potential.

Ergonomics Interventions in Agricultural Development Projects

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
D H O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
World Population ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Food Needs

World population growth is demanding ever-increasing production and productivity in the agricultural industry to meet the world's food needs. Whilst the biological sciences make the major contribution through agronomy, crop protection, harvesting and storage techniques, many of the advances in these spheres of research and development do not meet their full potential because the associated human factors issues are not fully addressed. The ergonomics needs of the three major levels of agricultural enterprise - smallholder (subsistence) agriculture, small-scale commercial farming and large-scale commercial farming - are considered and the nature of appropriate interventions for each of these levels outlined. Examples of potential interventions, based on ergonomics research and development are presented.

The present status of fast breeder reactors in the U. S. S. R

1990 ◽  
Vol 331 (1619) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Further Development

Because of the present conditions — the rate of growth of nuclear energy is slowing down in the U. S. S. R. — the large-scale deployment of commercial LM fast breeder reactors (LMFBRS) is being postponed. Notwithstanding that, experience has been gained through research and development and through the operation of FBRS, and both grants planning and the implementation of the next steps for the promotion of LMFBRS are under way. A brief analysis of the current status and prospects for further development of the FBR programme is given.

AUSTRALIA’S GAS FUTURE—A RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
D. J. Whitford ◽  
J. Pullar
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Unconventional Gas ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Gas To Liquids ◽  
Energy Products

Australia’s large natural gas resource offers the prospect of a secure and competitive supply of transport, domestic and industrial fuels, lower emissions and an opportunity for significant wealth generation. Although the use of gas is growing fast, there remain significant technological hurdles that must be overcome before its full potential is realised. Many of the technical issues have a distinctive Australian dimension that demand local solutions—we cannot necessarily rely on imported technology.In consultation with industry, government and other research and development providers, CSIRO has developed a gas technology roadmap that provides the basis for an integrated research program in support of the Australian gas industry. The roadmap addresses the needs of both the conventional and unconventional gas industries and covers the value chain from exploration, production and processing, to utilisation and end use.In the context of ensuring a reliable and secure supply of competitively priced gas, two research streams have been identified, focussing on accessing remote conventional gas that is economically stranded, and unlocking Australia’s large unconventional gas resources to supply the southeast quadrant. Gas is an intrinsically cleaner fuel than oil or coal in terms of CO2 emissions and specific research opportunities in geosequestration, gas-based alternative fuels and distributed energy have been identified.Gas in the form of LNG is a fast-growing export industry enhancing Australia’s position as a leading energy exporter. There are opportunities for research and development to contribute to LNG, gas-to-liquids (GTL) fuel conversion as well as the greater use of gas for large-scale resource developments. Given the diversity and range of research opportunities, Australia has the potential to become a global leader in gas technologies with the chance to grow knowledge-based exports in addition to the export of rawfuels and embedded-energy products.

Present status of large-scale cryogenic gravitational wave telescope

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. S1161-S1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Uchiyama ◽  
K Kuroda ◽  
M Ohashi ◽  
S Miyoki ◽  
H Ishitsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Large Scale

scholarly journals JA signal-mediated immunity of Dendrobium catenatum to necrotrophic Southern Blight pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Li ◽  
Qiuyi Shen ◽  
Xiang Cai ◽  
Danni Lai ◽  
Lingshang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Sclerotium Delphinii ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Abstract Background Dendrobium catenatum belongs to the Orchidaceae, and is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. In the past 20 years, D. catenatum industry has developed from an endangered medicinal plant to multi-billion dollar grade industry. The necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotium delphinii has a devastating effection on over 500 plant species, especially resulting in widespread infection and severe yield loss in the process of large-scale cultivation of D. catenatum. It has been widely reported that Jasmonate (JA) is involved in plant immunity to pathogens, but the mechanisms of JA-induced plant resistance to S. delphinii are unclear. Results In the present study, the role of JA in enhancing D. catenatum resistance to S. delphinii was investigated. We identified 2 COI1, 13 JAZ, and 12 MYC proteins in D. catenatum genome. Subsequently, systematic analyses containing phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, protein domain, and motif architecture of core JA pathway proteins were conducted in D. catenatum and the newly characterized homologs from its closely related orchid species Phalaenopsis equestris and Apostasia shenzhenica, along with the well-investigated homologs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Public RNA-seq data were investigated to analyze the expression patterns of D. catenatum core JA pathway genes in various tissues and organs. Transcriptome analysis of MeJA and S. delphinii treatment showed exogenous MeJA changed most of the expression of the above genes, and several key members, including DcJAZ1/2/5 and DcMYC2b, are involved in enhancing defense ability to S. delphinii in D. catenatum. Conclusions The findings indicate exogenous MeJA treatment affects the expression level of DcJAZ1/2/5 and DcMYC2b, thereby enhancing D. catenatum resistance to S. delphinii. This research would be helpful for future functional identification of core JA pathway genes involved in breeding for disease resistance in D. catenatum.

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