The Stagnation of Smallholder Agriculture in the Northern Region of Zambia: Problems, Conflicts and Production Systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Nkowani ◽  
Murray Mcgregor ◽  
Barry Dent
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Smallholder Agriculture ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Food security is seriously threatened by the low productivity of smallholder farmers, endemic poverty and widespread land degradation in the Northern Region of Zambia, The challenge is how to raise smallholder productivity at farm level in the face of developmental conflicts caused by demographic change, economic growth, strife and insecurity. The government is caught between the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) drawn up to enable it to pay off its huge foreign debt on the one hand, and the need to cushion the vulnerable sections of society (mostly smallholder farmers) from the worst aspects of the monetary squeeze on the other, Current evidence points to a dangerous imbalance, with the poor being hit hardest, but there are further steps which could be taken to support smallholders.

scholarly journals Financing to the mexican productive sector in the context of the pandemic by COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Javier Lapa-Guzmán ◽  
Juan Carlos Baltazar-Escalona ◽  
Eduardo Rosas-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financing Structure ◽  
Financing Channels ◽  
The Face ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

The Mexican economy has a fragile and inefficient financing structure for the productive sector; which acquires great relevance in the face of the imminent economic recession that will follow the most critical period of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, the evolution of the different financing channels is analyzed, in order to know, on the one hand, the composition of the financing of companies; and on the other hand, identify the type of company that presents the highest degree of vulnerability and that, therefore, the government should prioritize. For this, a statistical analysis is carried out both of the composition of the financing of the companies; as well as the characteristics of these companies and their relevance in the economic dynamics of the country.

scholarly journals Overview of COVID-19 Response in Kaduna State, Nigeria, March-July 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Umeh ◽  
Dauda Milgwe Madubu
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
First Case ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emergency Operating

The last six months have seen concerted efforts by government, development partners, communities, and individuals to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has wreaked havoc in all the continents, from Asia, Europe, Africa, America to Australia. Nigeria recorded its first case of COVID-19 on 27 February 2020. Kaduna State, the former headquarters of the defunct northern region, with a total population of 10 million citizens, has recorded 1,457 confirmed cases and 21 deaths of COVID-19 as of 31 July 2020.In line with the national guidance, Kaduna State activated the COVID-19 Emergency Operating Centre (EOC) with the confirmation of a case to coordinate the response. The EOC developed an Incident Action Plan (IAP) with nine strategic pillars, including coordination, surveillance, and epidemiology, Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), case management, risk communication, logistics and supplies, laboratory, the point of entry, and research. COVID-19 is real, has maimed citizens, and claimed many lives. The economic, social, and human losses are enormous, and recession stares us in the face. We have no cure or vaccines to deal with the pandemic yet, so prevention and adherence to proven measures by citizens, corporate organizations, and the government to stem the incidence of the virus must be accepted as the new way of living. The challenges are daunting, but consultation, cooperation, and communication among citizens, corporate organizations, and government remain essential to finding the strength, resolve, and shared purpose to cultivate useful guidelines and measures to keep individuals, organizations and government running.

Structural equation model of young farmers' intention to adopt sustainable agriculture: a case study in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Apurbo Sarkar ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Airin Rahman ◽  
Jony Abdul Azim ◽  
Waqar Hussain Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Government

Abstract This paper aims to assess young farmers' willingness to adopt sustainable agriculture (SA) by implementing the expanded theory of planned behavior (TPB) within the northern region of Bangladesh. The outcomes attained specified that attitudes toward SA, perceived behavior control and perceived self-identity have progressive and fundamental impacts on adoption behavior and affect farmers' intentions to adopt SA's particular production mechanism. On the other hand, the social interface view toward SA is not significantly associated with the Bangladeshi farmer's adoption intention. The results also show that interconnections between social and familial pressure are not significant for sustainable farming practice adoption intentions. However, the interconnections among the psychosocial factors have a crucial role in formulating the TPB to forecast the intentional behavior for adopting SA practices. Thus, the government should highlight the advantages of several sustainable agricultural practices and circulate more detailed information regarding SA tactics to improve the knowledge gap of smallholder farmers. Furthermore, training facilities should be extended to improve the attitude and perceived self-identity of young farmers. Moreover, the formulation of structural information sharing platforms and agricultural value chain facilities should also help shape young farmers' interpersonal behavior in adopting SA practices.

scholarly journals Loftur Helgason fer til Björgvinjar

Ritið ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-94
Author(s):  
Lára Magnúsardóttir
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

The article recounts the account from the Árna saga about Loftur Helgason’s trip to Bergen in 1282 and his stay there over winter, explained in terms of the formal sources about the organization of the government and changes in the law in the latter half of the 13th century. These changes were aimed at introducing into Iceland the power of both the King and the Church and in fact marked the actual changes throughout the Norwegian state. Loftur was Skálholt‘s official and the story about him was part of a long-standing dispute about the position of the chieftains versus the new power of the Church and the opposition to its introduction. The article defines the political confusion described in the Árna sagain Bergen in the winter of 1282-1283 as, on the one hand, changes in the constitution and, on the other hand, legislation, and at the same time whether the Kings Hákon Hákonarson and his son Magnús had systematically pursued a policy of having the Church be an independent party to the government of the state from 1247 onward until the death of the latter in 1280. When the disagreement is looked at as continuing, it is seen that Icelanders had made preparations for changes in the constitution with assurances of introduction of the power of the Church beginning in 1253 and the power of the King from 1262, but, on the other hand, the disagreements in both countries disappeared in the 1270s in the face of the conflict of interests that resulted from the laws that followed in the wake of the constiututional changes. Árna saga tell of this and how the disputes were described, but also that their nature changed as King Erikur came to power in 1280, as he gave the power of the King a new policy that was aimed against the power of the Church. Ousting of the archbishop from Norway and the Christian funerals of the excommunicated chieftains are examples of the conditions of government that could not have been, if the King had no longer had executive power over Christian concerns, as he had already conceded power over spiritual issues to the Pope in Rome with the Settlement at Túnsberg in 1277.

The Anchor Borrowers' Programme of Boosting Agricultural Production

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-115
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

On November 17, 2015, the government of Nigeria launched the Anchor Borrowers' Programme. The programme is aimed at boosting agricultural production and non-oil exports in the face of dwindling crude oil prices. Because the Anchor Borrowers' Programme is relatively recent and relevant to the main theme of the book—financing agricultural production expansion—its vision and mission are highlighted in this chapter with a view to informing and influencing the expected beneficiaries. The methodology employed is a systematic and analytic review of relevant literature. It is concluded that the Anchor Borrowers' Programme is a well-articulated initiative for economic linkage between smallholder farmers and reputable large-scale agro-processors with a view to increasing agricultural output and significantly improving capacity utilization of processors. It is recommended that the government resist the temptation of policies and programmes that are aimed at boosting agricultural financing and production rising and falling with the government that initiated them.

The Iranian Foreign Exchange Policy And The Black Market for Dollars

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hashem Pesaran
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Official Exchange Rate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil Revenues

As a result of the oil price shocks, the 1979 revolution, and the eight-year war with Iraq, fundamental changes have taken place in Iran's foreign exchange position as well as in its exchange rate policy. The viable data over the period 1979–1980 to 1988–1989 clearly show that, despite the revolutionary rhetoric, very little has been done to reduce the country's dependence on oil exports as a source of foreign exchange and government revenues. Instead, in the face of falling oil revenues and the country's increasing international isolation, coupled with the regime's unwillingness to incur foreign debt, the government has adopted a severe ‘import compression’ policy through selective tariffs and quotas, strict control of private and government imports by means of import licenses, and the imposition of foreign exchange allocations on government agencies. The result has been an ever-rising premium on the U.S. dollar in the ‘black’ market, a highly overvalued official exchange rate, a substantial increase in rent-seeking activities at the expense of production, a severe misallocation of resources, and loss of output and industrial capacity.

scholarly journals Farmers’ perceptions of drought and other production constraints, drought mitigation options, and their implications for groundnut breeding in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kakeeto ◽  
J. Sibiya ◽  
R. Melis ◽  
M. Biruma
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Drought Mitigation ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Rural Appraisal

A participatory rural appraisal was conducted in selected groundnut growing areas of Uganda to determine how smallholder farmers perceive and cope with drought, identify farmers’ constraints, and study the production systems, and varietal preferences in groundnut production. Majority of farmers surveyed, agreed that drought is a major production constraint. The local drought perceptions were described by farmers (55.7%) as warm/hot windy conditions in eastern (55.7%), while in the northern region, little rainfall (82.5%) and hot sunny weather in the mid-western region (48.3%). The majority of farmers surveyed, 81.7%, 77.6%, and 86.6% from eastern, northern and mid-western region, respectively, indicated that the major impact of drought was low yields. However, most of farmers especially from northern and mid-western grow landraces and use early planting to cope with drought. Therefore, knowledge of farmers’ perceptions on drought and coping strategies provides an entry point for improving farmers’ preferred varieties for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Better Safe than Sorry: Local Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Activities in North-East Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-73
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Alua ◽  
Kenneth Peprah ◽  
Godwin Thomas Wedam Achana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
North East ◽  
The Face ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Impacts

 Water is precious and vulnerable simultaneously in the face of climate change impacts. Farmers respond differently to climate change impacts depending on available resources. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of access to water on smallholder farmers’ coping strategies to climate change impacts in the semi-arid zone (Aw climate). Using a mixed method approach, 6 focus group discussions, 10 key informant interviews and 148 questionnaires were administered to farmers. Quantitative data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics whilst qualitative data were transcribed and discussed alongside. The study found that in coping with local climate change, farmers’ incomes are dependent on availability of water to supplement rainfall. Therefore, communities closer to the waters of the Tono irrigation dam have greater advantage over other communities that rely on waters from dugouts and wells. Also, income gained from farming is complemented with supplementary incomes from activities such as petty trading, carpentry and sale of farmers’ labour on other farms. Availability of water, particularly, during the dry season is a determinant factor of success in terms of good farm produce, income and better coping with local climate change impacts. To help these water-stressed farmers, the provision of sustainable sources of water is inevitable.  The government and smallholders need to work together to solve the problem.

New Departures in Maintaining Public Order in the Face of Chartist Disturbances

1960 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-80
Author(s):  
Leon Radzinowicz
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Change ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
The People ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Avoidance of emergency legislation“The people had a right to free discussion. It was free discussion which elicited truth. They had a right to meet.” In these words at a civic reception in Liverpool on October 3, 1838, Lord John Russell proclaimed his belief in one of the basic freedoms of democracy, at the very time that Chartists were mobilising their forces and spreading their doctrine at meetings held throughout the country. This was an untimely declaration which drew upon him the deserved reproof of Sir Robert Peel; it unfortunately seems to have been put later to some rather unscrupulous use by the Chartists, an example of which went to furnish Sir James Graham with offensive material for his attack on the Government during the debate of January 29, 1840, on a motion of no confidence. None the less, even when the Chartist gatherings had attained an advanced stage of organisation, Russell with undaunted singleness of purpose affirmed the Government's resolve not to ask Parliament for additional powers or extraordinary measures, but to rely on the existing laws: “It would be very inadvisable to make any sudden change in the laws of the country and to introduce laws, the same as in some foreign countries, of exception for certain parties; because those laws have two bad effects—the one is that they excite the sympathy of a number of persons who otherwise would have no feeling in common with ill disposed and designing persons; and in the next place, because the people of the country in general, and even those who appear to be the worst disposed, do feel that there is a power and supremacy in the law, to which they are ready to yield obedience; and if a new law were introduced merely for the suppression of those societies, they would not feel that they were treated with the same justice with which they would have been treated if the ordinary laws of the country had been resorted to for their suppression and punishment.”

scholarly journals Agricultural insurance access and acceptability: examining the case of smallholder farmers in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Adu Ankrah ◽  
Nana Afranaa Kwapong ◽  
Dennis Eghan ◽  
Francis Adarkwah ◽  
Dominic Boateng-Gyambiby
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Weather-related risks thwart agricultural productivity gains especially in the face of climate change. Agricultural insurance serves as a reliable risk mitigation instrument for coping with climate-related hazards. This notwithstanding, agricultural insurance penetration among smallholder farmers in the global south remains low. This study investigated the access and acceptability of agricultural insurance among smallholder food crop farmers in Ghana. Method The study employed a mixed-methods approach involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study was carried out in the Northern, Volta and Western regions involving 7 communities in 5 districts. A total of 200 farmers were sampled through a multi-stage purposive sampling and interviewed. A cross-sectional survey involved 100 respondents under the quantitative approach whilst the qualitative study engaged additional 100 farmers. Results The results show that smallholder farmers’ access and acceptability of agricultural insurance is low (14%) and scarce but ironically considered useful by many (90%) as an effective tool to deal with agricultural risks. Inadequate knowledge about agricultural insurance products constituted the most stated reason (64%) for the scarce adoption rate, followed (23%) by the unavailability of insurance products in areas needed but absent. A few (5%) reported insurance to be expensive. Acceptability and accessibility of agricultural insurance are further influenced by gender, educational level, low knowledge, information asymmetry and wrong perception concerning agricultural insurance products. Sense of security and reduced impact of climate variabilities constituted important benefits guaranteed by agricultural insurance. Conclusions Agricultural insurance access and acceptability is constrained by limited knowledge of agricultural insurance products. It is recommended that more insurance companies be incentivized to augment already existing efforts by Ghana Agricultural Insurance Pool (GAIP) to enroll more smallholder farmers. The government can consider bundling existing insurance products with credit or inputs under the Planting for Food and Jobs Programme (PFJ) to improve uptake and accessibility of agricultural insurance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document