scholarly journals Rapid HIV Testing in Transgender Communities by Community-Based Organizations in Three Cities

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Schulden ◽  
Binwei Song ◽  
Alex Barros ◽  
Azul Mares-DelGrasso ◽  
Charles W. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rapid Hiv Testing ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
The Past

Objectives. This article describes the demographic and behavioral characteristics, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing history, and results of HIV testing of transgender (TG) people recruited for rapid HIV testing by community-based organizations (CBOs) in three cities. Methods. CBOs in Miami Beach, Florida, New York City, and San Francisco offered TG people rapid HIV testing and prevention services, and conducted a brief survey. Participants were recruited in outreach settings using various strategies. The survey collected information on demographic characteristics, HIV risk behaviors, and HIV testing history. Results. Among 559 male-to-female (MTF) TG participants, 12% were newly diagnosed with HIV infection. None of the 42 female-to-male participants were newly diagnosed with HIV. A large proportion of MTF TG participants reported high-risk behaviors in the past year, including 37% who reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse and 44% who reported commercial sex work. Several factors were independently associated with increased likelihood of being newly diagnosed with HIV infection among MTF TG participants, including having a partner of unknown HIV status in the past year; being 20–29 or ≥40 years of age; having last been tested for HIV more than 12 months ago; and having been recruited at the New York City site. Conclusions. Based on the high proportion of undiagnosed HIV infection among those tested, TG people represent an important community for enhanced HIV testing and prevention efforts. MTF TG people should be encouraged to have an HIV test at least annually or more often if indicated, based upon clinical findings or risk behaviors. Efforts should continue for developing novel strategies to overcome barriers and provide HIV testing and prevention services to TG people.

scholarly journals Incorporating Rapid HIV Testing into Partner Counseling and Referral Services

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin B. Begley ◽  
Alexandra M. Oster ◽  
Binwei Song ◽  
Linda Lesondak ◽  
Kelly Voorhees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Rapid Hiv Testing ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Locating Information

Objectives. Partner counseling and referral services (PCRS) provide a unique opportunity to decrease transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by notifying sex and drug-injection partners of HIV-infected individuals of their exposure to HIV. We incorporated rapid HIV testing into PCRS to reduce barriers associated with conventional HIV testing and identify undiagnosed HIV infection within this high-risk population. Methods. From April 2004 through June 2006, HIV-infected people (index clients) were interviewed, and their partners were notified of their potential exposure to HIV and offered rapid HIV testing at six sites in the United States. The numbers of index clients participating and the numbers of partners interviewed and tested were compared by site. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results. A total of 2,678 index clients were identified, of whom 779 (29%) provided partner locating information. A total of 1,048 partners were elicited, of whom 463 (44%) were both interviewed and tested for HIV. Thirty-seven partners (8%) were newly diagnosed with HIV. The number of index clients interviewed to identify one partner with newly diagnosed HIV infection ranged from 10 to 137 at the participating sites. Conclusions. PCRS provides testing and prevention services to people at high risk for HIV infection. Incorporating rapid HIV testing into PCRS and identifying previously undiagnosed infections likely confer individual and public health benefits. Further evaluation is needed to determine the best methods of identifying partners with previously unrecognized HIV infection.

Cost of OraQuick oral fluid rapid HIV testing at 35 community clinics and community-based organizations in the USA

AIDS Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Pinkerton ◽  
Laura M. Bogart ◽  
Devery Howerton ◽  
Susan Snyder ◽  
Kirsten Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Clinics ◽  
Rapid Hiv Testing ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Piloting a System for Behavioral Surveillance Among Heterosexuals at Increased Risk of HIV in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A DiNenno ◽  
Alexandra M Oster ◽  
Catlainn Sionean ◽  
Paul Denning ◽  
Amy Lansky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Objectives: During the past decade, the number and proportion of reported HIV cases in the United States acquired through heterosexual contact has increased markedly. CDC employs the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) to monitor risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in high-risk populations. To identify a target population for conducting NHBS among heterosexuals at increased risk for HIV (NHBS-HET), CDC designed, implemented and evaluated a pilot study. Methods: The pilot study was conducted in 25 US metropolitan statistical areas in 2006-7. We recruited men and women who reported sex with at least one opposite-sex partner during the past year for a behavioral survey and HIV test. We investigated the relationship between newly diagnosed HIV infection and individual risk behaviors, sexual network characteristics, and social-structural characteristics to arrive at a definition of a heterosexual at increased risk of HIV. Results: Of 14,750 participants in the analysis, 207 (1.4%) had newly diagnosed HIV infection. Using low socioeconomic status (SES) as a criterion for defining a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV resulted in optimal rates of HIV prevalence, specificity, sensitivity and practicality. Conclusions: Results from the NHBS pilot study underscore the key role of social factors as determinants of HIV infection risk among U.S. heterosexuals, and low SES was incorporated into the definition of a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV in NHBS-HET cycles. Future cycles of NHBS-HET will help tailor prevention programs for those populations most at risk of HIV in the US.

scholarly journals Misdiagnosis of HIV infection during a South African community-based survey: implications for rapid HIV testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 21753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tendesayi Kufa ◽  
Ayesha BM Kharsany ◽  
Cherie Cawood ◽  
David Khanyile ◽  
Lara Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
South African ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rapid Hiv Testing ◽  
African Community

Provider-related Barriers to Rapid HIV Testing in U.S. Urban Non-profit Community Clinics, Community-based Organizations (CBOs) and Hospitals

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Bogart ◽  
Devery Howerton ◽  
James Lange ◽  
Claude Messan Setodji ◽  
Kirsten Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Clinics ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Rapid Hiv Testing ◽  
Community Based Organizations

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Finding New HIV Diagnoses Using Rapid HIV Testing in Community-Based Organizations

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram K. Shrestha ◽  
Hollie A. Clark ◽  
Stephanie L. Sansom ◽  
Binwei Song ◽  
Holly Buckendahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rapid Hiv Testing ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
The People ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
The Cost

Objective. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of determining new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses using rapid HIV testing performed by community-based organizations (CBOs) in Kansas City, Missouri, and Detroit, Michigan. Methods. The CBOs performed rapid HIV testing during April 2004 through March 2006. In Kansas City, testing was performed in a clinic and in outreach settings. In Detroit, testing was performed in outreach settings only. Both CBOs used mobile testing vans. Measures of effectiveness were the number of HIV tests performed and the number of people notified of new HIV diagnoses, based on rapid tests. We retrospectively collected program costs, including those for personnel, test kits, mobile vans, and facility space. Results. The CBO in Kansas City tested a mean of 855 people a year in its clinic and 703 people a year in outreach settings. The number of people notified of new HIV diagnoses was 19 (2.2%) in the clinic and five (0.7%) in outreach settings. The CBO in Detroit tested 976 people a year in outreach settings, and the number notified of new HIV diagnoses was 15 (1.5%). In Kansas City, the cost per person notified of a new HIV diagnosis was $3,637 in the clinic and $16,985 in outreach settings. In the Detroit outreach settings, the cost per notification was $13,448. Conclusions. The cost of providing a new HIV diagnosis was considerably higher in the outreach settings than in the clinic. The variation can be largely explained by differences in the number of undiagnosed infections among the people tested and by the costs of purchasing and operating a mobile van.

HIV Testing Histories and Risk Factors Among Migrants and Recent Immigrants Who Received Rapid HIV Testing from Three Community-Based Organizations

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Schulden ◽  
Thomas M. Painter ◽  
Binwei Song ◽  
Eduardo Valverde ◽  
Mary Ann Borman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Rapid Hiv Testing ◽  
Community Based Organizations

The Two Row Wampum-Covenant Chain Tradition as a Guide for Indigenous-University Research Partnerships

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-359
Author(s):  
Richard W. Hill ◽  
Daniel Coleman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Six Nations ◽  
Productive Research ◽  
First Time

This co-authored article examines the oldest known treaty between incoming Europeans and Indigenous North Americans to derive five basic principles to guide healthy, productive relationships between Indigenous community-based researchers and university-based ones. Rick Hill, Tuscarora artist and knowledge keeper from the Six Nations of the Grand River, publishes for the first time here the most complete oral history that exists today of that ancient treaty, from the early seventeenth century, known as the Two Row Wampum or the Covenant Chain agreement. Interspersed with Dr. Hill’s reflections, Daniel Coleman, a settler professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, outlines five principles for research partnerships derived from the discussions of the Two Row Research Partnership seminars that Hill and Coleman have been hosting at Deyohahá:ge: Indigenous Knowledge Centre for the past four years. Formed between the Hodinöhsö:ni’ confederacy and Dutch merchants arriving near Albany, New York in 1609, the Two Row Wampum-Covenant Chain treaty set the precedent for nation-to-nation treaties between European colonial powers and Indigenous peoples with two parallel rows representing the Hodinöhsö:ni’ canoe and the Dutch ship sailing down the shared river. Each party agreed to keep their beliefs and laws in their separate vessels, and on this basis of interdependent autonomy, they established a long-lasting friendship. This article suggests that by renewing our understanding of the Two Row Wampum-Covenant Chain treaty, Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers alike can rebuild relationships of trust and cooperation that can decolonize Western presumptions and re-establish healthy and productive research partnerships.

HIV infection, high-risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men sheltered in therapeutic communities in Central Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M Brunini ◽  
Cleiciane V de Lima Barros ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Hélio Galdino Júnior ◽  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Communities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Homeless Men

Homeless men present high vulnerability to HIV infection, mainly due to sexual risk behaviors and substance use. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection, risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 481 homeless men recruited in four therapeutic communities in the Goiás State, Central Brazil. All were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and risk behaviors. Furthermore, all were tested for HIV. Poisson regression was used to verify factors associated with HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 1.24% (95.0% CI: 0.57 to 2.69%). Previous HIV testing (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 10.0; 95.0% CI: 1.86–55.8) and years of education (APR: 0.76; 95.0% CI: 0.60–0.97) were factors associated with HIV infection. Participants had high rates of hazardous alcohol use and illicit drug use. The prevalence of HIV infection among homeless men was higher than that found in the Brazilian male population and we identified a high rate of risk behaviors for HIV among the homeless men investigated. Thus, it is necessary to expand HIV prevention measures in Brazil, such as health education, condom availability, regular HIV testing and increased testing coverage in this population, and treatment for alcohol and/or illicit drug dependence/abuse.

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