scholarly journals Emotions, affects, and trauma in classrooms: Moving beyond the representational genre

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalinos Zembylas
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Transformative Action

The purpose of this paper is to draw together and engage some of the most prominent themes throughout the literature on emotions, affects, and trauma in classrooms: the representation of trauma in classrooms and its risks; the body as a part of traumatic experience and how it may be engaged pedagogically; and the un/making of affective communities as pedagogical spaces that can be transformative. It is argued that the prevalent representational account of trauma in classrooms imposes certain constraints that frame the pedagogical work that may be conducted. New theoretical and research developments in the affective turn about the implications of emotions, affects, and trauma for the body and politics, pose serious challenges to the representational genre. It is suggested that reparative pedagogies grounded in new theoretical perspectives may invoke critical reflection and transformative action in ways that expose and reframe the affective infrastructures of exclusion, inequality, and injustice.

The Role of Glucocorticoids in the (Mal)adaptive Response to Traumatic Experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagit Cohen ◽  
Joseph Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Memory Integration ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Basic Facts

Glucocorticoids (GCs) play a major role in orchestrating the complex physiological and behavioral reactions essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. These compounds enable the organism to prepare for, respond to, and cope with the acute demands of physical and emotional stressors and enable a faster recovery with passage of the threat. A timely and an appropriate GC release commensurate with stressor severity enables the body to properly contain stress responses so as to promote recovery by rapidly restoring homeostasis. Inadequate GC release following stress not only delays recovery by disrupting biological homeostasis but can also interfere with the processing or interpretation of stressful information that results in long-term disruptions in memory integration. A salient example of such an impaired post-traumatic process is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The findings from recent animal models and translational and clinical neuroendocrine studies summarized in this chapter provide insights shedding light on the apparently contradictory studies of the HPA-axis response to stress. Also included is a review of the basic facts about PTSD and biological data.

Post-Piagetian Perspectives of Cognitive Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martí
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Piagetian Theory

Piaget’s constructivism theory influenced deeply the study of cognitive development in the last century. Despite the progressive loss of influence of this theory, some contemporary perspectives have recently extended some of his ideas, enriching the way cognitive development is understood. These contributions face two important questions that remained problematic in Piaget’s theory: how to integrate dynamic aspects and variability of development and how to understand the role of the body and the signs in cognition. Thanks to information processing theory, functional and executive components of cognition have been progressively integrated into Piaget’s theory. Two main perspectives have contributed to doing so. The first one, defended by Pascual-Leone and Case, among other authors, has been called “neo-Piagetian theory.” It offers a more dynamic way to understand cognitive development and present particular solutions to explain the Piagetian stages. The second one, the theory of dynamic systems, has contributed to explaining variability in cognitive development, a central aspect underestimated by Piaget, who was more interested in universal aspects of cognition. Thanks to the perspective of embodied cognition, the main role of action and body has been taken into account to understand the characteristics of cognition. From this perspective, a nuclear idea of Piaget’s constructivism, the importance of action in cognition, has been investigated in a more accurate way. Finally, considering the poor contribution of signs in Piaget’s theory, some authors inspired in Vygotskyan theory have emphasized the role of semiotic systems and social aspects in cognitive development. The research generated by all these theoretical perspectives has had important consequences in education.

scholarly journals Multimodality and New Materialism in Science Learning: Exploring Insights from an Introductory Physics Lesson

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Marshall ◽  
Honjiswa Conana
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
Mathematics And Science ◽  
Science Disciplines

Science disciplines are inherently multimodal, involving written and spoken language, bodily gestures, symbols, diagrams, sketches, simulation and mathematical formalism. Studies have shown that explicit multimodal teaching approaches foster enhanced access to science disciplines. We examine multimodal classroom practices in a physics extended curriculum programme (ECP) through the lens of new materialism. As De Freitas and Sinclair note in their book, Mathematics and the Body, there is growing research interest in embodiment in mathematics (and science) education—that is, the role played by students’ bodies, in terms of gestures, verbalisation, diagrams and their relation to the physical objects with which they interact. Embodiment can be viewed from a range of theoretical perspectives (for example, cognitive, phenomemological, or social semiotic). However, they argue that their new materialist approach, which they term “inclusive materialism”, has the potential for framing more socially just pedagogies. In this article, we discuss a multimodal and new materialist analysis of a lesson vignette from a first-year extended curriculum physics course. The analysis illuminates how an assemblage of bodily-paced steps-gestures-diagrams becomes entangled with mathematical concepts. Here, concepts arise through the interplay of modes of diagrams, gestures and bodily movements. The article explores how multimodal and new materialist perspectives might contribute to reconfiguring pedagogical practices in extended curriculum programmes in physics and mathematics. 

scholarly journals Silent Bodies: Japanese taciturnity and image thinking

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Ana Došen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Japanese Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
East And West

A nonverbal transmission and an implicit way of communication are highly encouraged in Japanese society. The reason for this “silence prerogative” is often found in historical facts of lengthy feudal era or in ancient philosophies and religions such as Buddhism and Confucianism and their various concepts which privilege taciturn way of communication. Moreover, the unspoken comprehension is often complemented by the attitude which equates truthfulness with silence. This paper explores the silence as a communicative act in the domain of Japanese art, where the body takes over the place of the language. In traditional Japanese theatrical performance, such as noh, words are often inadequate to convey emotion and therefore the aesthetics of emptiness, understatement and abstraction is transcended by the masks with "nonmoving lips". Drawing on theoretical perspectives from both East and West, I argue that the silent bodies operate as deliberate and integral determinants of Japanese non-silent art forms – especially in cinema and theatre. In the Eastern thought, visual perception is fundamental in cognition of the world, whereas auditory discernment is secondary to "image-thinking" (Yuasa). Accustomed to taciturnity, Japanese audience effectively corresponds to the performance and "completes" it in silence.

Body-oriented Insight-therapy: Method’s Advantages and Major Strengths

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
MARINA BELOKUROVA ◽  
HARRY COLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Successful Therapy ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Therapeutic Interaction ◽  
Key Terms

The article covers the methodological characteristics and advantages of body-oriented insight-therapy. It describes recovery of subjectivity of the client and increase of the psycho-emotional and physical stability due to the therapeutic process. The article refers to the work of the psychological defense mechanisms in a session of the body-oriented insight-therapy. The authors highlight the principles of this type of therapeutic interaction – namely, partnership and conation – and provide definitions of key terms. Separately congruence and systemic approach to the method are disclosed with regard to the opportunity to determine the clear body markers of traumatic experience and successful therapy. Indications and limitations of the method are listed. KEYWORDS body-oriented insight therapy, vital attitudes, body-oriented therapy, analytical psychology, psychological defense mechanisms, “child’s decision”, subjectivity, Self, unconscious body image (l’image inconsciente du corps, Françoise Dolto).

Analysis of airmen disadaption factors after combat stress exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
A. M. Schegol’kov ◽  
A. A. Blaginin ◽  
A. Ya. Fisun ◽  
D. V. Cherkashin ◽  
R. G. Makiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities

Abstract. Factors of disadaptation of pilots after combat stress are analyzed as one of the main factors in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. It was found that the effects of combat stress have a great impact on young, thin pilots, with a predominance of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and a reduced basic metabolism of the body. The data obtained allow for early diagnosis and identification of functional disorders in pilots for their medical and psychological rehabilitation. The use of the proposed discriminant function can be divided into adapted and unadapted (differently processing traumatic experience), for the development of appropriate rehabilitation programs within their medical and psychological rehabilitation. The revealed decrease in the reserve capabilities of the Central nervous system and the adaptive capabilities of the body of pilots subsequently leads to a decrease in the reliability of the professional activity of the pilot with an increase in its physiological price. In terms of methodology, understanding the postponement of the negative impact of combat stress factors on the pilots body requires constant measures for early detection and correction of emerging functional disorders. The consequences of combat stress are considered as an integral reaction of the body to the complex impact of various factors of combat stress, which is manifested at the psychophysiological and somatic levels and leads to early disqualification of pilots for medical reasons.

Clinical Hypnotherapist, 1 year’s experience, UK

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Gregg H. Rawlings ◽  
Steven C. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Panic Attack ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Conscious Mind ◽  
Inner Child ◽  
Epileptic Attack ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Unconscious Mind

This chapter discusses how a clinical hypnotherapist treated a patient with Non-Epileptic Seizures. Upon carrying out a detailed fact finding procedure focusing on the patient’s medical and personal background, it became apparent that she had experienced a very traumatic, stressful event in the last few years, which was caused by a medical scare. This resulted in her “inner child” being awoken, who had also had a traumatic experience. Her unconscious mind only knew how to express stress or anxiety in a way that resulted in the body kicking, shaking, and having a panic attack as per non-epileptic attack disorder. Through therapy, the hypnotherapist assisted in connecting and building the bond between the inner child and conscious mind to gain the trust and reassurance that the inner child would be looked after, safe, and loved. The hypnotherapist then focused on training the patient to communicate with her unconscious mind and learn how to control when the seizures could happen, and empowered her to control the seizures. After undergoing an eclectic mix of therapies, the patient is now free from non-epileptic attack disorder and engaging in high-intensity sports.

scholarly journals Remembering colonial violence: Inter/textual strategies of Congolese authors

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Susanne Gehrmann
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
Colonial Archive ◽  
Colonial Violence ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
Textual Strategies ◽  
Favourite Topic

This article explores the Congolese remembering of the experienced colonial violence through the medium of literature. Although criticism of colonialism is not a favourite topic of Congolese writers, there exists an important corpus of texts, especially when the literary production of Congo Kinshasa and Congo Brazzaville with their politically distinct though sometimes similar experiences is taken into account. Three main strategies of writing about the topic can be distinguished: a documentary mode, an allegorical mode and a fragmented mode, which often appear in combination. Intertextuality with the colonial archive as well as oral African narrations is a recurrent feature of these texts. The short stories of Lomami Tchibamba, of the first generation of Congolese authors writing in French, are analysed as examples for a dominantly allegorical narration. Mythical creatures taken from the context of oral literature become symbols for the process of alterity and power relations during colonialism, while the construction of a heroic figure of African resistance provides a counter-narrative to colonial texts of conquest. Thomas Mpoyi-Buatu’s novel La reproduction (1986) provides an example of fragmented writing that reflects the traumatic experience of violence in both Congolese memory of colonialism and Congolese suffering of the present violent dictatorial regime. The body of the protagonist and narrator becomes the literal site of remembering. 

scholarly journals Torn Between Boundaries: Bodies-in-Pain, Christianity and Feature Film

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shona F Hill
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Christian Influence

<p>The central argument of this dissertation, contrary to the secularisation thesis which predicts the decline of Christianity, is that Christian-inspired values tacitly influence embodied experience. Crossing disciplinary boundaries, various theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, the case of bodies-in-pain is used as the focus for empirical analysis. This study draws heavily on Mellor and Shilling's (1997) ideal-type analysis of Medieval Catholic and early Modern Protestant forms of embodied sociality and knowledge to produce an original model of bodies-in-pain. This model is then used as a comparative heuristic tool to assess to what extent bodies-in-pain can be identified as communicating meaning in the 'reel world' of fiction films. Three films that on the surface do not appear to have explicit Christian motivation are chosen for detailed examination. These are: Se7en (1995), Minority Report (2002) and Cape Fear (1991). The final chapter relates the bodies-in-pain models to a pre-existing audience response study focused on Cronenberg's film Crash (1996) to indicate what it is about the body that allows it to be depicted and constructed in certain ways. Overall this dissertation departs from the idea that Christianity must be at odds with secular society, instead, secularisation is reframed as a catalyst for social change that does not mean the end of Christian influence in society. In light of this, I claim Christianity remains socially and institutionally significant for contemporary Western people and the way in which they make sense of the body.</p>

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