Religion et société dans 1'histoire de 1'Espagne

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-383
Author(s):  
Fernando Urbina ◽  
José Sanchez

This work is a collaboration between José Sánchez and Fer nando Urbina. José Sdnchez is the author of the first part, which analizes the relation between catholicism and society in the « short period» of modern history (Centuries XIX and XX) -conflictive period, during which Spain enters modernism, from the fall of the old regime up to the civil war and the transition to democracy-, Fernando Urbina is responsible for the second part which traces an outline on the « long period» of popular religiousness. Both have collaborated in the reasoning and resolution of the subject; presenting the general diachronic frame of historic time, in which the most synchronic and present arguments of the other articles within this piece, must be situated.

Author(s):  
Viriato Soromenho-Marques ◽  

The common ground and dissimilarities in the reciprocal influence between two apparently identical concepts in the Contemporary western political tradition - freedom and liberty - are dealt in this paper. The author tries to tackle the interrelated genealogy both of freedom and liberty categories, in the long period opened by the English Civil War and closed by the conflicting reactions to the French Revolution. The sovereignty concept on the other hand allows the reader to understand the ongoing dynamic of the crucial philosophical relationship of these two central concepts.


1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Nohem

Much controversy has raged for a long period of time over the precise nature of what Wormser refers to as the “anatomy” of a corporation. Wormser himself defines a corporation as a “group of one or more persons authorized by sovereign authority to act as a unit and a personality in the eye of the law.” The definition indicates, on the one hand, that the act of incorporation creates a new person or entity, on the other that this new entity is in fact composite, made up of one or more pre-existing entities. The question arises, at what times will the court regard the corporate entity, and at what times will it look to the real persons who compose it ? A key to the solution of the problem is offered by Lord Mansfield. “A fiction of law shall never be contradicted so as to defeat the end for which it was invented, but for every other purpose it may be contradicted.” By the separate entity theory is meant that a corporation is to be regarded as an entity separate and apart from its corporators and that it is to be treated like any other independent person. That this is the theory of corporations generally accepted by the courts need hardly be proved. It will only be noted that the ruling English case on the subject is that of Salomon and Co. v. Salomon. In his opinion in that case Lord Halsbury said: “Once the company is legally incorporated it must be treated like any other independent person.”


Archaeologia ◽  
1880 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-64
Author(s):  
Edward Peacock

The want of a really good biographical dictionary of Englishmen is, perhaps, more felt by those whose vocation it is to investigate the details of the great civil war of the seventeenth century than by students of any other class. The fame of three or four of the leading spirits of the time has eclipsed in the common memory almost all the other people who took an important part in the struggle between Charles the First and his Parliament. Such must be in a great degree the case whenever the dramatic interest of the story centres in the actions of one commanding intellect or the misfortunes and errors of a single sufferer; but there is, we believe, no other great crisis in modern history where the less known have been permitted to remain so entirely unknown as the time of which we speak.


Author(s):  
Yevhenii Vasyliev

The tragic events of the Revolution of Dignity and the hybrid war have been reflected in various stylistics and genre parameters of dramatic works. The brightest of them were included in two recent anthologies, which were prepared and published thanks to the efforts of the Department of Drama Projects of the National Center for the Performing Arts named after Les Kurbas. The first of them, “Maidan. Before and After. Anthology of the Actual Drama” (2016), has absorbed 9 plays by the authors of different generations (Yaroslav Vereshchak, Nadiia Symchich, Oleg Mykolaychuk, Neda Nezhdana, Oleksandr Viter, Dmytro Ternovyi, etc.). The completely new second anthology “The Labyrinth of Ice and Fire” (2019) also consists of 9 plays (three of which are also part of the previous anthology), which are the reflections of the modern history of Ukraine. The texts about the hybrid war, which are included in two anthologies, are the subject of our analysis. The focus is on the genre specificity of these drama works. The genre modifications of archaic genres inherent in the Ukrainian theatrical tradition (vertep, mystery) are studied in the plays “Vertep-2015” by Nadiia Marchuk and “Maidan Inferno, or On the Other Side of Hell” by Neda Nezhdana. The functioning of the documentary and epic drama (“The Chestnut and the Lily of the Valley” by Oleg Mykolaychuk, “The People and Cyborgs” by Olena Ponomareva and Dario Fertilio) is analysed. The processes of episation and lyricization are considered. The peculiarities of intergeneric diffusion and the creation of a specific genre type — lyrico-epic drama are analysed. The actual monodramas of Neda Nezhdana “The Cat in Memory of the Darkness” and “OTVETKA@ UA” are highlighted, as well as the intermedial character of the genre transformations of Igor Yuziuk’s drama “C-sharp Sixth Octave”


1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
IL Gordon

Grain development of embryo dormancy, germinative α-amylase, pigmentation and flavanols was examined in the wheats Timgalen and Gamut (white-grained, non-dormant), and Pembina and Sonora (red-grained with different levels of dormancy). It was found that each trait had distinctive patterns of development. The net result at harvest ripeness depended on the synchronizations amongst the traits. Dormancy, as judged by embryo response (i.e. embryo dormancy), was restricted to the red wheats. Three ways of expressing it were noted: (1) in terms of development patterns, (2) as levels at harvest ripeness or at harvest, and (3) by the length of the period of embryo dormancy after harvest ripeness. Two hypotheses linking embryo dormancy and grain redness appeared plausible from the results. One was that the polyphenol oxidase complex, which polymerizes flavanols to the putative pigment phlobaphene, contributes towards embryo dormancy, probably through enhancement of hypo-oxia. The other was that the pigment itself and its tanning complexes cause the hypo-oxia. Flavanols did not appear to be in vivo germination inhibitors. Dormancy, as judged by α-amylase response (i.e. amylase dormancy), was not always present together with embryo dormancy. A long period of amylase dormancy was found in the more embryo-dormant red wheat, but not in the other. Conversely, a short period of amylase dormancy was found in one white wheat, but it was not embryo-dormant. Possible relationships between these physiological traits and the classical genes for red grain-coat were discussed. Implications concerning selection against sprouting damage were considered. _________________ *Part II, Aust. J. Agric. Res 30: 1-17 (1979).


2009 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Javier Rodrigo

- A few years after it initiated, the so-called ‘revisionist offensive' in Spain seems to have produced questionable results. On the one hand, its arguments have failed to enter professional historiography; on the other hand, however, its unquestionable sell and media popularity have turned it into a social phenomenon. In addition, historians have not reached an agreement about how to reply to it. Finally, on both sides, the definition, the origins and the limits of the phenomenon do not seem to have been the object of discussion. This is what we intend to analyse in this article. Key words: Revisionism, Negationism, Spanish Civil war, collective memory, Spanish transition to democracy, ‘memory recovery'.


2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joas Wagemakers

AbstractThe concept ofal-walāʾwa-l-barāʾ (loyalty to Islam, Muslims, and God and disavowal of everything else) has developed in various ways in Wahhabi discourse since the 19th century. This can partly be ascribed to the civil war that caused the collapse of the second Saudi state (1824–91) and the lessons that both quietist and radical Wahhabi scholars have drawn from that episode. In this article, I contend that Wahhabi contestations ofal-walāʾwa-l-barāʾ can be divided into two distinct trends—one social and the other political—and that both show the enduring legacy of the second Saudi state, which can still be discerned in Wahhabi scholarly writings on the subject ofal-walāʾwa-l-barāʾ today.


Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (245) ◽  
pp. 889-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Crawford ◽  
Hiroto Takamiya

Introduction Processes of acculturation and assimilation in contact situations have been the subject of considerable interest to North American and Japanese prehistorians alike. In the latter case, research has emphasized the transition, beginning about 1000 BC, to the wet-rice-focussed Yayoi (Akazawa 1981, 1986) (see TABLE1 for plant nomenclature used in this paper). The spread of agriculture to northeastern Japan is usually viewed as a northeastward progression of a frmtier that reached northern Tohoku by the Middle Yayoi (FIGURES 1 & 2). However, the situation is more complex than this, in our view, and involves a spatial and cultural dichotomy between Hokkaido and northern Tohoku on the one hand and southern Tohokusouthwestern Japan on the other. Furthermore, we interpret Ainu culture (as distinct from the Ainu biological population) of Hokkaido and Sakhalin to be an outcome of a long period of social interaction along this boundary.


Author(s):  
Rachel McBride Lindsey

Intense debates around spirit photography started immediately upon its discovery in late 1862. This chapter frames these debates around the career, trial, and demise of America’s first and most notorious spirit photographer, William Howard Mumler. In the context of the American Civil War, Mumler claimed to have discovered a gift for photographing spirits of departed souls and immediately became the subject of public interest and scrutiny. His uneasy affiliation with modern Spiritualism, his public ridicule by the photographic guild, and his brief celebrity in the 1860s provide a window into the at times intense uncertainty around the camera’s ability to reveal spiritual truth to modern beholders. His hearing before the New York Police Court in the spring of 1869, in particular, facilitated a very public debate around the authority of the Bible and the camera in newspaper accounts that were circulated throughout the country. In this chapter, spirit photographs emerge as a hinge between corporeal referents in studio portraiture, on the one hand, and practices of biblical beholding, on the other, that asked beholders to see what was really there.


The artificial radioactivity produced in magnesium by bombardment with α-particles was discovered by Curie and Joliot in their initial experiments, and since then it has formed the subject of numerous investigations. The present experiments were undertaken with the object of obtaining information about the relative behaviour of three magnesium isotopes Mg 24 , Mg 25 , Mg 26 during disintegration collisions with α-particles. Inspection of the table of isotopes, stable and radioactive bodies, Si 27 , Al 28 , Al 29 according to the following schemes: 12 Mg 24 + 2 He 4 → 14 Si 27 + 0 n 1 ; 14 Si 27 → 13 Al 27 ε + 12 Mg 25 + 2 He 4 → 13 Al 28 + 1 H 1 ; 13 Al 28 → 14 Si 28 ε - 12 Mg 26 + 2 He 4 → 13 Al 29 + 1 H 1 ; 13 Al 29 → 14 Si 29 ε - . The radioactive body Al 28 is well known and can be formed by a variety of reactions. It has a period of 2·3 mins. In their first experiments, using Po α-paritcles, Curie and Joliot also detected positive emission from activated magnesium which was certainly to be attributed to Si 27 . Recently Fahlenbrach and also Eckard have found a long period of about 7 minutes in addition to the 2·3 minute period, which effect, as they point out, is almost certainly due in part to the formation of the radioactive body Al 29 . These experiments will be referred to later in this paper. In the present experiments we have identified, in addition to the will-known body Al 28 , two other radioactive bodies, the one emitting electrons, the other positrons. These we consider to be respectively Al 29 and Si 27 .


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