Simulating adhesion of wet fabrics to water: surface tension-based theoretical model and experimental verification

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (19) ◽  
pp. 1987-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lou ◽  
Feng Ji ◽  
Yiping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Water Surface

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

scholarly journals Adsorption Properties of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Surfactants Ternary Mixture at the Water-Air Interface

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4313
Author(s):  
Bronisław Jańczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Szymczyk ◽  
Anna Zdziennicka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Free Energy Of Adsorption ◽  
Interface Tension ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Surface Excess Concentration ◽  
Tail Water ◽  
Triton X

Measurements were made of the surface tension of the aqueous solutions of p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxypoly(ethylene glycols) having 10 oxyethylene groups in the molecule (Triton X-100, TX100) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with Zonyl FSN-100 (FC6EO14, FC1) as well as with Zonyl FSO-100 (FC5EO10, FC2) ternary mixtures. The obtained results were compared to those provided by the Fainerman and Miller equation and to the values of the solution surface tension calculated, based on the contribution of a particular surfactant in the mixture to the reduction of water surface tension. The changes of the aqueous solution ternary surfactants mixture surface tension at the constant concentration of TX100 and CTAB mixture at which the water surface tension was reduced to 60 and 50 mN/m as a function of fluorocarbon surfactant concentration, were considered with regard to the composition of the mixed monolayer at the water-air interface. Next, this composition was applied for the calculation of the concentration of the particular surfactants in the monolayer using the Frumkin equation. On the other hand, the Gibbs surface excess concentration was determined only for the fluorocarbon surfactants. The tendency of the particular surfactants to adsorb at the water-air interface was discussed, based on the Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption which was determined using different methods. This energy was also deduced, based on the surfactant tail surface tension and tail-water interface tension.

A theoretical model of the knee and ACL: Theory and experimental verification

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deb A. Loch ◽  
Zongping Luo ◽  
Jack L. Lewis ◽  
Nathaniel J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Experimental Verification

Prediction of the Condensation Coefficient on Horizontal Integral-Fin Tubes

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Webb ◽  
T. M. Rudy ◽  
M. A. Kedzierski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Surface Tension Force ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Condensation Coefficient ◽  
Film Drainage ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Fin Tubes

A theoretical model is developed for prediction of the condensation coefficient on horizontal integral-fin tubes for both high and low surface tension fluids. The model includes the effects of surface tension on film drainage and on condensate retention between the fins. First, the fraction of the tube circumference that is flooded with condensate is calculated. Typically, the condensation coefficient in the flooded region is negligible compared to that of the unflooded region. Then the condensation coefficient on the unflooded portion is calculated, assuming that surface tension force drains the condensate from the fins. The model is used to predict the R-11 condensation coefficient on horizontal, integral-fin tubes having 748, 1024, and 1378 fpm. The predicted values are within ±20 percent of the experimental values.

Pilgrim Trust Lecture, Molecular layers

1939 ◽  
Vol 170 (940) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Oily Contamination ◽  
Molecular Layers ◽  
Modern Work

If fragments of camphor are placed upon a clean water surface they move about vigorously and may even be made to propel toy boats. The late Lord Rayleigh (1890 a, 1890 c) found that these movements stopped rather abruptly if the surface tension of the water was lowered by 21 dynes/cm. by oily contamination of the surface. The amount of olive oil needed for this purpose was surprisingly small, corresponding to a thickness of only 16 A (16 x 10 -8 cm.). Miss Pockels (1891) proved that any amount of olive oil less than enough to give a critical thickness of about 10 A had no effect whatever on the surface tension of water, but above this limit the surface tension decreased rapidly as the amount of oil was increased. Only 5 g. of olive oil would be needed to cover an acre of water surface with a film of this critical thickness. Miss Pockels also showed that accidental contamination of the surface, which had previously complicated nearly all observations of surface-tension phenomena, could be eliminated by using a trough filled to the brim with water, and sweeping impurities off the surface by the motion of barriers which rested on the edges of the trough. This use of movable barriers to confine films, to compress them or to remove them from the surface, laid the foundation for nearly all the modern work with films on water. The early theories of surface tension had been developed by physicists (Thomas Young 1805; Laplace, Gauss, etc.) who either treated liquids as continuous fluids between whose elements of volume forces acted, or considered only spherical molecules which exerted upon one another forces that varied as a function of the distance between molecular centres. Such theories naturally could not take into account the wealth of knowledge that had been accumulated by organic chemists regarding the structures of organic molecules.

Jumping drops on the surface of the water

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
A.G. Terentiev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Rise Height

The paper proposes a theoretical model for the bouncing of a water drop on a free surface. The motion of a drop in air is described by the usual equations connecting the forces of inertia, gravity, and Stokes (viscosity resistance). The drop is considered spherical with a given surface tension. Numerical calculations were carried out using the same algorithm, but with different initial conditions. Some conditions are set for the droplet disintegration, others for the droplet reflection from the free surface. It is shown that the disintegration of a drop occurs periodically with a decrease in the drop size and an increase in the drop rise height. In the interval between droplet decays, periodic reflection from the free surface occurs with a decrease in the rise height.

Aggregation behavior of pyridinium based ionic liquids in water – Surface tension, 1H NMR chemical shifts, SANS and SAXS measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 371 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandhibatla V. Sastry ◽  
Nilesh M. Vaghela ◽  
Pradip M. Macwan ◽  
Saurabh S. Soni ◽  
Vinod K. Aswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
Nmr Chemical Shifts
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