Representations of fabric hand attributes in the cerebral cortices based on the Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (18) ◽  
pp. 3768-3778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qicai Wang ◽  
Yuan Tao ◽  
Zhongwei Zhang ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Zuowei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Fabric Hand ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Fabric hand is most frequently used by consumers and researchers to evaluate the touch feeling of textiles. Academically, many methods have been developed to characterize it psychologically and physically, and the relationship between the hand attributes of fabrics and their physical properties are well understood. However, in physiological terms, the cognitive mechanism of the brain on different attributes of fabric hand is not clear. Previous studies have shown that the sensory or discrimination information from fabric touch can be detected by the technology of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this study, further fMRI experiments were carried out, attempting to find the relationship between the cerebral cortices of various brain areas and different hand attributes of fabrics. The subtle atlas of Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) was used to display and analyze the blood oxygenation level dependent signals completely and conveniently. The results showed that when the subjects touched two samples with distinct fabric hand in a specified way, activation information and the index of the mean signal in every related brain areas can distinguish them, and several brain regions in the AAL atlas are linked to different fabric hand attributes. The technology of fMRI was proved again to be a promising tool for studying the cognitive mechanism of the brain on fabric touch.

scholarly journals Relationship of the BOLD Signal with VEP for Ultrashort Duration Visual Stimuli (0.1 to 5 ms) in Humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barış Yeşilyurt ◽  
Kevin Whittingstall ◽  
Kâmil Uğurbil ◽  
Nikos K Logothetis ◽  
Kâmil Uludağ
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

There is currently a great interest to combine electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study brain function. Earlier studies have shown different EEG components to correlate well with the fMRI signal arguing for a complex relationship between both measurements. In this study, using separate EEG and fMRI measurements, we show that (1) 0.1 ms visual stimulation evokes detectable hemodynamic and visual-evoked potential (VEP) responses, (2) the negative VEP deflection at ∼80 ms (N2) co-varies with stimulus duration/intensity such as with blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response; the positive deflection at ∼120 ms (P2) does not, and (3) although the N2 VEP–BOLD relationship is approximately linear, deviation is evident at the limit of zero N2 VEP. The latter finding argues that, although EEG and fMRI measurements can co-vary, they reflect partially independent processes in the brain tissue. Finally, it is shown that the stimulus-induced impulse response function (IRF) at 0.1 ms and the intrinsic IRF during rest have different temporal dynamics, possibly due to predominance of neuromodulation during rest as compared with neurotransmission during stimulation. These results extend earlier findings regarding VEP–BOLD coupling and highlight the component- and context-dependency of the relationship between evoked potentials and hemodynamic responses.

scholarly journals Methods for Determining Frequency- and Region-Dependent Relationships Between Estimated LFPs and BOLD Responses in Humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Martuzzi ◽  
Micah M. Murray ◽  
Reto A. Meuli ◽  
Jean-Philippe Thiran ◽  
Philippe P. Maeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between electrophysiological and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals remains poorly understood. To date, studies have required invasive methods and have been limited to single functional regions and thus cannot account for possible variations across brain regions. Here we present a method that uses fMRI data and singe-trial electroencephalography (EEG) analyses to assess the spatial and spectral dependencies between the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) responses and the noninvasively estimated local field potentials (eLFPs) over a wide range of frequencies (0–256 Hz) throughout the entire brain volume. This method was applied in a study where human subjects completed separate fMRI and EEG sessions while performing a passive visual task. Intracranial LFPs were estimated from the scalp-recorded data using the ELECTRA source model. We compared statistical images from BOLD signals with statistical images of each frequency of the eLFPs. In agreement with previous studies in animals, we found a significant correspondence between LFP and BOLD statistical images in the gamma band (44–78 Hz) within primary visual cortices. In addition, significant correspondence was observed at low frequencies (<14 Hz) and also at very high frequencies (>100 Hz). Effects within extrastriate visual areas showed a different correspondence that not only included those frequency ranges observed in primary cortices but also additional frequencies. Results therefore suggest that the relationship between electrophysiological and hemodynamic signals thus might vary both as a function of frequency and anatomical region.

scholarly journals Nuisance effects in inter-scan functional connectivity estimates before and after nuisance regression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alican Nalci ◽  
Wenjing Luo ◽  
Thomas T. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Global Signal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
Motion Measurements ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn resting-state functional MRI, the correlation between blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals across brain regions is used to estimate the functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. FC estimates are prone to the influence of nuisance factors including scanner-related artifacts and physiological modulations of the BOLD signal. Nuisance regression is widely performed to reduce the effect of nuisance factors on FC estimates on a per-scan basis. However, a dedicated analysis of nuisance effects on the variability of FC metrics across a collection of scans has been lacking. This work investigates the effects of nuisance factors on the variability of FC estimates across a collection of scans both before and after nuisance regression. Inter-scan variations in FC estimates are shown to be significantly correlated with the geometric norms of various nuisance terms, including head motion measurements, signals derived from white-matter and cerebrospinal regions, and the whole-brain global signal (GS) both before and after nuisance regression. In addition, it is shown that GS regression (GSR) can introduce GS norm-related fluctuations that are negatively correlated with inter-scan FC estimates. The empirical results are shown to be largely consistent with the predictions of a theoretical framework previously developed for the characterization of dynamic FC measures. This work shows that caution must be exercised when interpreting inter-scan FC measures across scans both before and after nuisance regression.

ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MORPHINE IN α-CHLORALOSE AND ISOFLURANE ANESTHETIZED RATS USING BOLD fMRI

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Chin-Mei Chen ◽  
Yen-Yu I. Shih ◽  
Tiing-Yee Siow ◽  
Yun-Chen Chiang ◽  
Chen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
Pain Testing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Significant Activation

Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to explore the antinociceptive effect of morphine in the rat brain under α-chloralose and isoflurane anesthesia. Formalin was used as a pain-testing model which could produce significant activation in various brain areas. The results also showed that morphine pretreatment modulate neurovascular activities evoked by formalin stimulation, especially in cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortex, caudate putamen, visual cortex, and hippocampus. The present study identified the brain areas involved in modulating nociception.

scholarly journals Validating Linear Systems Analysis for Laminar fMRI: Temporal Additivity for Stimulus Duration Manipulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle A. van Dijk ◽  
Alessio Fracasso ◽  
Natalia Petridou ◽  
Serge O. Dumoulin
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Ultra High Field ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAdvancements in ultra-high field (7 T and higher) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners have made it possible to investigate both the structure and function of the human brain at a sub-millimeter scale. As neuronal feedforward and feedback information arrives in different layers, sub-millimeter functional MRI has the potential to uncover information processing between cortical micro-circuits across cortical depth, i.e. laminar fMRI. For nearly all conventional fMRI analyses, the main assumption is that the relationship between local neuronal activity and the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal adheres to the principles of linear systems theory. For laminar fMRI, however, directional blood pooling across cortical depth stemming from the anatomy of the cortical vasculature, potentially violates these linear system assumptions, thereby complicating analysis and interpretation. Here we assess whether the temporal additivity requirement of linear systems theory holds for laminar fMRI. We measured responses elicited by viewing stimuli presented for different durations and evaluated how well the responses to shorter durations predicted those elicited by longer durations. We find that BOLD response predictions are consistently good predictors for observed responses, across all cortical depths, and in all measured visual field maps (V1, V2, and V3). Our results suggest that the temporal additivity assumption for linear systems theory holds for laminar fMRI. We thus show that the temporal additivity assumption holds across cortical depth for sub-millimeter gradient-echo BOLD fMRI in early visual cortex.

Mesozoic mammals and early mammalian brain diversity

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Gilissen ◽  
Thierry Smith
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Mesozoic Mammals ◽  
Brain Expansion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Fossil remains witness the relationship between the appearance of the middle ear and the expansion of the brain in early mammals. Nevertheless, the lack of detachment of ear ossicles in the mammaliaform Morganucodon, despite brain enlargement, points to other factors that triggered brain expansion in early mammals. Moreover, brain expansion in some early mammalian groups seems to have favored brain regions other than the cortex.

Differential recovery of acetylcholinesterase in guinea pig muscle and brain regions after soman treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine C Lintern ◽  
Janet R Wetherell ◽  
Margaret E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Pig Muscle ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
The Brain

1 In brain areas of untreated guinea-pigs the highest activity of acetylcholinesterase was seen in the striatum and cerebellum, followed by the midbrain, medulla-pons and cortex, and the lowest in the hippocampus. The activity in diaphragm was sevenfold lower than in the hippocampus. 2 At 1 h after soman (27 mg/kg) administration the activity of the enzyme was dramatically reduced in all tissues studied. In muscle the three major molecular forms (A12, G4 and G1) showed a similar degree of inhibition and a similar rate of recovery and the activity had returned to normal by 7 days. 3 In the brain soman inhibited the G4 form more than the G1 form. The hippocampus, cortex and midbrain showed the greatest reductions in enzyme activity. At 7 days the activity in the cortex, medulla pons and striatum had recovered but in the hippocampus, midbrain and cerebellum it was still inhibited. 4 Thus the effects of soman administration varied in severity and time course in the different tissues studied. However the enzyme activity was still reduced in all tissues at 24 h when the overt signs of poisoning had disappeared.

scholarly journals Recent developments in cognitive fMRI for temporal lobe epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Schmidbauer ◽  
Silvia Bonelli
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Brain

AbstractEpilepsy is frequently accompanied by severe cognitive side effects. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and even successful surgical treatment, may affect cognitive function, in particular language as well as verbal and visual memory function. Epilepsy arising from the temporal lobe can be controlled surgically in up to 70% of patients. The goals of epilepsy surgery are to remove the brain areas generating the seizures without causing or aggravating neuropsychological deficits. This requires accurate localization of the brain areas generating the seizures (“epileptogenic zone”) and the areas responsible for motor and cognitive functions, such as language and memory (“essential brain regions”) during presurgical evaluation. In the past decades, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been increasingly used to noninvasively lateralize and localize not only primary motor and somatosensory areas, but also brain areas that are involved in everyday language and memory processes. The imaging modality also shows potential for predicting the effects of temporal lobe resection on language and memory function. Together with other MRI modalities, cognitive fMRI is a promising tool to improve surgical strategies tailored to individual patients with regard to functional outcome, by virtue of definition of epileptic cerebral areas that need to be resected and eloquent areas that need to be spared.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments and practical recommendations for the clinical use of cognitive fMRI in TLE.

scholarly journals Message-Elicited Brain Response Moderates the Relationship Between Opportunities for Exposure to Anti-Smoking Messages and Message Recall

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-611
Author(s):  
Elissa C Kranzler ◽  
Ralf Schmälzle ◽  
Rui Pei ◽  
Robert C Hornik ◽  
Emily B Falk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Campaign success is contingent on adequate exposure; however, exposure opportunities (e.g., ad reach/frequency) are imperfect predictors of message recall. We hypothesized that the exposure-recall relationship would be contingent on message processing. We tested moderation hypotheses using 3 data sets pertinent to “The Real Cost” anti-smoking campaign: past 30-day ad recall from a rolling national survey of adolescents aged 13–17 (n = 5,110); ad-specific target rating points (TRPs), measuring ad reach and frequency; and ad-elicited response in brain regions implicated in social processing and memory encoding, from a separate adolescent sample aged 14–17 (n = 40). Average ad-level brain activation in these regions moderates the relationship between national TRPs and large-scale recall (p &lt; .001), such that the positive exposure-recall relationship is more strongly observed for ads that elicit high levels of social processing and memory encoding in the brain. Findings advance communication theory by demonstrating conditional exposure effects, contingent on social and memory processes in the brain.

Music, Maestro, Please: Thalamic multisensory integration in music perception, processing and production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Artur Jaschke
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
The Brain

Music activates a wide array of brain areas involved in different functions such as   perception, processing and execution of music. Understanding musical processes in the brain has multiple implications in the neuro- and health sciences.  Challenging the brain with a multisensory stimulus such as music activates responses beyond the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe. Other areas that are involved include the frontal lobes, parietal lobes, areas of the limbic system such as the amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus, the cerebellum and the brainstem. Nonetheless, there has been no attempt to summarize all involved brain areas in music into one overall encompassing map. This may well be, as there has been no thorough theory introduced, which would allow an initial point of departure in creating such a mapTherefore, a thorough systematic review has been conducted to identify all mentioned neural connections involved in the perception, processing and execution of music.  Communication between the thalamic nuclei is the initial step in multisensory integration, which lies at the base of the neural networks as proposed in this paper. Against this background, this manuscript introduces the to our knowledge first map of all brain regions involved in the perception, processing and execution of music.Consequently, placing thalamic multisensory integration at the core of this atlas allowed us to create a preliminary theory to explain the complexity of music induced brain activation.

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