Electromagnetic performance of three-dimensional woven spacer microstrip antenna with various conductive fibers in extreme temperatures

Due to its excellent light-weight, mechanical, and electromagnetic performance, the three-dimensional woven spacer microstrip antenna (3DWS-MA) has become a promising communication device to be applied in aerospace or high-speed vehicles. To explore the electromagnetic performance of 3DWS-MA in extreme environments, microstrip antennas based on three-dimensional woven glass fiber/epoxy spacer composites (3DWSC) with different conductive yarn (copper wire, nickel-coated carbon yarn and carbon nanotube yarn) were manufactured and tested at various temperatures (from –196°C to 150°C). The results showed that the 3DWSC exhibited superb dielectric properties ([Formula: see text]) with a low volume density of 0.5 g[Formula: see text]cm−3, rendering good electromagnetic performance of the prepared antenna (S11 value of –23 dB and gain of 7 dB). When the temperature increased from –196°C to 150°C, the dielectric constant of 3DWSC increased from 1.57 to 1.67, resulting in the decrease of resonance frequency of 3DWS-MAs (maximum offset is 60 MHz). In addition, the resistance changing ratios of the conductive fibers also reached 105% with the temperature increase, resulting in degradations of S11 values (maximum 17 dB). Furthermore, among the three types of 3DWS-MAs, the 3DWS-MA (carbon nanotube yarn) exhibited the most stable S11 value at low temperatures (from –196°C to 0°C), while the 3DWS-MA (copper) showed low return loss and stable resonance frequency at high temperatures (from 20°C to 150°C).

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Rancang Bangun Antena Mikrostrip Bowtie Pada Frekuensi 5,2 Ghz

Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah ◽

10.30630/eji.10.2.73 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Aprinal Adila Asril ◽

Lifwarda Lifwarda ◽

Yul Antonisfia

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Constant ◽

Resonant Frequency ◽

Resonance Frequency ◽

Radiation Pattern ◽

Microstrip Antenna ◽

Return Loss ◽

Microstrip Antennas ◽

Antenna Design ◽

Narrow Bandwidth ◽

Simple Materials

Microstrip antennas are very concerned shapes and sizes. Can be viewed in terms of simple materials, shapes, sizes and dimensions smaller antennae, the price of production is cheaper and able to provide a reasonably good performance, in addition to having many advantages, the microstrip antenna also has its drawbacks one of which is a narrow bandwidth. In this research will be designed a microstrip antenna bowtie which works at a frequency of 5.2 GHz which has a size of 68mm x 33mm groundplane. For the length and width of 33mm x 13mm patch. This antenna is designed on a printed cicuit board (PCB) FR4 epoxy with a dielectric constant of 4.7 and has a thickness of 1,6mm. This bowtie microstrip antenna design using IE3D software. This antenna has been simulated using IE3D software showed its resonance frequency is 5.270 GHz with a return loss -23 595 dB bandwidth of 230 MHz, VSWR 1,142, unidirectional radiation pattern and impedance 43,919Ω. The results of which have been successfully fabricated antenna with a resonant frequency of 5.21 GHz with a return loss -16.813 dB bandwidth of 79 MHz, VSWR 1.368, unidirectional radiation pattern, impedance 43,546Ω and HPBW 105 °.

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Experiment, Optimization, and Design of Electromagnetic Track Brake for High-Speed Railways System

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/6957963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chun Xiang ◽

Jun-Cheng Wang ◽

Yu-Feng Gu ◽

Shi-Jin Zhang ◽

Shi-An Chen

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Copper Wire ◽

Final Height ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Single Layer ◽

Longitudinal Axis ◽

Iron Core ◽

Railway Systems ◽

Magnetic Circuits ◽

Final Design

To enhance braking force and control convenience of high-speed railway systems, this paper proposes a new electromagnetic track brake, and the corresponding design, optimization, and experimental test are implemented. The proposed track brake is longitudinal-axis magnetic circuits excited by multiple coils electromagnets, and the pole shoes are extending outward. A preliminary design of an electromagnetic track brake is developed, including iron core height, iron core width, iron core gap, excitation ampere-turn, coil arrangement form, coil thickness, and preliminary height of single-layer coil. The electromagnet number and pole shoe gap are optimized through three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation comparisons. The final design of the electromagnetic track brake is determined, including iron core length, copper wire diameter, coil turn, and final height of single-layer coil. Experimental verification of electromagnetic attractive force is performed through prototype tests, and the newly developed electromagnetic track brake can enhance electromagnetic braking deceleration by 39%.

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Electromagnetic performance and impact damage of the microstrip antennas integrated in cylindrical three dimensional woven composite structures

Polymer Composites ◽

10.1002/pc.24338 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 3259-3267 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fujun Xu ◽

Lijun Sun ◽

Kun Zhang ◽

Liyong Wang ◽

Yiping Qiu

Keyword(s):

Composite Structures ◽

Impact Damage ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Microstrip Antennas ◽

Woven Composite ◽

Electromagnetic Performance

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A Novel 3d Printed Curved Monopole Microstrip Antenna Design for Biomedical Applications

10.21203/rs.3.rs-532332/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Berkan Biçer ◽

Emine Avşar Aydın

Keyword(s):

Microstrip Antenna ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Search Algorithm ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Microstrip Antennas ◽

Simulation Software ◽

3D Printed ◽

Curved Substrate ◽

Physical Dimensions

Abstract This paper proposes a novel and compact monopole microstrip antenna (MA) design with a three-dimensional (3D) printed curved substrate for biomedical applications. A curved substrate was formed by inserting a semi-cylinder structure in the middle of the planar substrate consisting of polylactic acid (PLA). The antenna was fed with a microstrip line, and a partial ground plane was formed at the bottom side of the substrate. The copper plane with two triangular slots is arranged on the curved semi-cylinder structure of the substrate. The physical dimensions of the radiating plane and ground plane were optimally determined with the use of the sparrow search algorithm (SpaSA) to provide a wide -10 dB bandwidth between 3 GHz and 12 GHz. A total of six microstrip antennas having different parameters related to physical dimensions were designed and simulated to compare the performance of the proposed antenna with the help of full-wave electromagnetic simulation software called CST Microwave Studio. The proposed curved antenna was fabricated, and a PNA network analyzer was used to measure the S11 of the proposed antenna. It was demonstrated that the measured S11 covers the desired frequency range.

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Simulation and experimental study of double-element antennas based on a three-dimensional woven structure with various curvature radii

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517515627172 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 216-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fujun Xu ◽

Yibin Wang ◽

Hongfei Zhu ◽

Xing Xie ◽

Liyong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microstrip Antenna ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Woven Fabrics ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Curvature Radius ◽

Resonant Frequencies ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Feed Direction ◽

Woven Structure ◽

Electromagnetic Performance

Three-dimensional woven fabrics have good structural embeddability, stability and integrity. In this study, three-dimensional double-element fabric antennas (3DFAs) are demonstrated by embedding the microstrip antenna structures into three-dimensional woven fabrics. In order to investigate their electromagnetic performance in practical applications, the 3DFAs are manufactured with different cylindrical radii, ranging from 45 to 75 mm. The professional antenna simulation software and experimental measurements are conducted systematically. Both results match well and support that the 3DFAs with different cylindrical curvature radii share similar rules in return losses and resonant frequencies with the planar 3DFAs. However, the gain values of the 3DFAs show different results when changing the alignment of curvature to the antenna feed direction. The gain value of the 3DFA with the curvature along the feed direction is 5 dB when the curvature radius is 75 mm, while for the 3DFA with the curvature perpendicular to the feed direction, the gain value is just 1.6 dB ( R = 75 mm), which then decreases to –2.1 dB ( R = 45 mm). Furthermore, when the curvature is along the feed direction, the 3DFAs show a better radiation pattern and directionality.

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Strain-Insensitive Hierarchically Structured Stretchable Microstrip Antennas for Robust Wireless Communication

Nano-Micro Letters ◽

10.1007/s40820-021-00631-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jia Zhu ◽

Senhao Zhang ◽

Ning Yi ◽

Chaoyun Song ◽

Donghai Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communication ◽

Resonance Frequency ◽

Microstrip Antenna ◽

Structural Engineering ◽

Microstrip Antennas ◽

Input Power ◽

Stretchable Electronics ◽

Wireless Sensing ◽

Wireless Data Transmission ◽

Mechanical Deformations

AbstractAs the key component of wireless data transmission and powering, stretchable antennas play an indispensable role in flexible/stretchable electronics. However, they often suffer from frequency detuning upon mechanical deformations; thus, their applications are limited to wireless sensing with wireless transmission capabilities remaining elusive. Here, a hierarchically structured stretchable microstrip antenna with meshed patterns arranged in an arched shape showcases tunable resonance frequency upon deformations with improved overall stretchability. The almost unchanged resonance frequency during deformations enables robust on-body wireless communication and RF energy harvesting, whereas the rapid changing resonance frequency with deformations allows for wireless sensing. The proposed stretchable microstrip antenna was demonstrated to communicate wirelessly with a transmitter (input power of − 3 dBm) efficiently (i.e., the receiving power higher than − 100 dBm over a distance of 100 m) on human bodies even upon 25% stretching. The flexibility in structural engineering combined with the coupled mechanical–electromagnetic simulations, provides a versatile engineering toolkit to design stretchable microstrip antennas and other potential wireless devices for stretchable electronics.

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Effects of weaving structures and parameters on the radiation properties of three-dimensional fabric integrated microstrip antennas

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517517716908 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (19) ◽

pp. 2182-2189 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ye Kuang ◽

Lan Yao ◽

He Luan ◽

Shenghai Yu ◽

Ruiyun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microstrip Antenna ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Microstrip Antennas ◽

Woven Fabric ◽

Weft Yarn ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Antenna Structure ◽

Current Path ◽

Radiation Properties

In smart textile systems, the wireless communication between the wearer and the wider environment plays an important role, especially in medical applications. This can be achieved by integrating an antenna in textile materials. The low-profile microstrip antenna is a desirable choice for textile antennas and integrating this type of antenna into the three-dimensional woven fabric achieves the most integrated textile antenna structure up to now. Different from traditional antenna structures, the three-dimensional woven fabric integrated microstrip antenna has the radiation patch and ground plane totally woven with the yarns, where the radiation properties would strongly depend on the weaving structures and parameters. In this paper, a 1.9 GHz single patch microstrip antenna was designed and six types of antennas with different combinations of woven patches and ground planes were compared. The measured results showed that the three-dimensional woven antenna had adequate performance. In addition, the three-dimensional woven antenna with warp yarns parallel to the feeding direction exhibited a better return loss and radiation pattern than the antenna with weft yarn parallel to the feeding direction, due to the longer current path for the latter antenna based on simulated current distribution analysis. Furthermore, the effects of conductive yarn parameters on the antenna properties were discussed and yarn structures were suggested to obtain relatively ideal antenna performances.

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High-speed brightfield 3-D imaging and 3-D image analysis of thick and overlapped cell clusters in cytological preparations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100168827 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 218-219

Author(s):

Robert W. Mackin

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

High Speed ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Image Data ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Array Processor ◽

Vaginal Smears ◽

Low Contrast ◽

Computer Controlled

This paper presents two advances towards the automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of thick and heavily-overlapped regions in cytological preparations such as cervical/vaginal smears. First, a high speed 3-D brightfield microscope has been developed, allowing the acquisition of image data at speeds approaching 30 optical slices per second. Second, algorithms have been developed to detect and segment nuclei in spite of the extremely high image variability and low contrast typical of such regions. The analysis of such regions is inherently a 3-D problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional 2-D imaging and image analysis methods.High-Speed 3-D imaging of the specimen is accomplished by moving the specimen axially relative to the objective lens of a standard microscope (Zeiss) at a speed of 30 steps per second, where the stepsize is adjustable from 0.2 - 5μm. The specimen is mounted on a computer-controlled, piezoelectric microstage (Burleigh PZS-100, 68/μm displacement). At each step, an optical slice is acquired using a CCD camera (SONY XC-11/71 IP, Dalsa CA-D1-0256, and CA-D2-0512 have been used) connected to a 4-node array processor system based on the Intel i860 chip.

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