From urban sprawl to land consolidation in suburban Shanghai under the backdrop of increasing versus decreasing balance policy: A perspective of property rights transfer

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian ◽  
Xu Guo ◽  
Wei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Policy Arrangements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rights Transfer

Since the 1980s, Chinese cities have witnessed significant growth, resulting in urban sprawl all over the country. Under the strict land quota system, local government has had to transform its approach of Greenfield development to land consolidation. Under the ‘Increasing and Decreasing Balance’ land use policy, the Shanghai government began to consolidate rural construction land in order to acquire extra quota for state land by transferring development rights from collective land to state land and by establishing a three-level land consolidation planning system. This paper firstly examines the expansion of non-agricultural land in Shanghai since 1990. It explains the policy arrangements of land consolidation from the perspective of property rights transfer between state and collective land. Taking Xinbang Township as an example, this paper examines the roles of various stakeholders in land consolidation, the municipalities, district and township governments, village collectives, local villagers and entrepreneurs, and analyses the impact land consolidation has upon them. The paper concludes with discussion and policy implications of future land consolidation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11637
Author(s):  
Xilong Jiang ◽  
Guanyi Yin ◽  
Yi Lou ◽  
Shuai Xie ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Analyzing the recessive impacts of farmers’ livelihood transformation on the surging labor cost in grain production is conducive to finding optimization paths for grain production. This study developed the Residual Livelihood Ratio (RLR) and the Livelihood Simpson Index (LSI) to measure the transformation of farmers' livelihood in China, and applied the multiple regression model to explore the influence of the transformation of farmers' livelihood on the labor cost of grain production. The results show that because of the soaring increment in labor cost, the net profit of rice, wheat, and maize production decreased largely in China. The LSI increased, while the RLR decreased, which indicated that farmers’ livelihoods transitioned towards a more unbalanced income–expenditure but more flexible employment. The Residual Livelihood Ratio; the mechanization input; the grain yield per unit area; the non-grain plantation degree; and the non-agricultural land use degree showed negative impacts on labor cost in grain production, whereas the Livelihood Simpson Index and Engel’s coefficient of farmers showed positive impacts on the labor cost. This paper proposes targeted policy implications for labor cost control of the grain production in China.

scholarly journals The importance of a realistically determined amount of tax on property rights relating to the ownership of agricultural land in the Republic of Serbia adopted by tax authorities of local self-government units

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042
Author(s):  
Slobodan Popović ◽  
Jelena Vitomir ◽  
Sonja Tomaš-Miskin ◽  
Tatjana Davidov ◽  
Sanda Nastić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
The Impact

It has been argued for a long time in academic papers which corporate governance factors have a significant impact on gains of a great number of businessmen. However, such studies rarely examine the impact taxation issues on agriculture. This paper differs from other published papers because its focus is tax on agricultural land in an economy in transition. The primary aim of the authors was to find rules in taxpayers' conduct after being served tax decisions issued by local tax authorities with the assessed tax. The following aim was to find out how tax authorities respond to receiving complaints on the assessed tax lodged by the affected tax payers. The conclusions are as follows: first, there is a difference in tax amounts assessed by local tax authorities relating to property rights of taxpayers resulting from their ownership of agricultural land: second, there is a significant difference in tax amounts assessed following the complaints lodged by taxpayers in all four categories of tax rates set by tax authorities for the four respective zones.

scholarly journals Institutional Analysis of Adoption of Agroforestry Practices in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulatu Fekadu Zerihun
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

Agroforestry practices are innovations developed in response to problems associated with inappropriate land use practices. The latter refers to the use of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes because of an increase in urbanisation, rapidly developing industry, and investments, and, finally, gaps in laws and regulations (Cengiz, 2013). Agroforestry practices are land-based economic development strategies with a perceived positive role in supporting rural livelihoods. Using a logistic regression model with cross-sectional data, this study explores the impact of institutional factors and incentive mechanisms that affect the adoption of agroforestry innovations. The study finds that a larger number of extension services, access to credit, access to extension, information exchange among farmers, trust in local institutions, active participation in social  groups and organisations, and prior exposure to agricultural technologies are the variables that positively affect the adoption of agroforestry innovations in the study area. These findings have policy implications in promoting integrated rural development in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

scholarly journals The Influence of Urban Sprawl on Household Power Intensity——Evidence from China's Urban Panel Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Cong Du ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Xiuyan Liu ◽  
Meng Qin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Power Intensity ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact

The paper measures the yearly urban sprawl index and household power intensity of 285 prefecture-level and Municipality cities in China from 2004 to 2017. Through the establishment of a fixed effect model, random effect model and systematic GMM model, this paper empirically analyze the impact of urban sprawl on household power intensity, and found that there is a significant and positive effect of urban sprawl on household power intensity, that is, the higher the urban sprawl, the lower the efficiency of household electricity energy utilization will be, and this effect has a cogent robustness. On this basis, the establishment of a mediating effect model found that population agglomeration playes a significant role of the partial mediating effect in the process of urban sprawl affecting household power intensity. The conclusion of this paper provides some policy implications for the scientific and reasonable urban planning in the process of urbanization in China from the perspective of optimizing household power intensity.

The impact of land reform on the development of united territorial communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Tamara Smovzhenko ◽  
Oryslava Korkuna ◽  
Ivan Korkuna ◽  
Ulyana Khromyak
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Code

Nowadays, according to decentralization and current legislation (Land Code of Ukraine, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Self-Governance»), the public lands have been transferred to the CTCs since 1 February 2018. In 2018/2019, 788 CTCs received communal ownership of 1.68 ha of public lands. According to the Draft Law «On Amendments to Several Legal Documents of Ukraine on Agricultural Lands Turnover», the consolidated territorial communities become the legal entities and can acquire property rights to agricultural land plots. Therefore, transferring the lands to be used by the newly created CTCs is currently an urgent issue that requires extended scientific and practical research. The paper aims to research the role of land reform in Ukraine and its impact on increase of CTCs’ budget revenues. The stages of land reform and the development of the land reform in Ukraine as well as its implementation strategy are outlined. The disparities of the integrated satellite map and the data of the Land Cadaster of Ukraine in terms of unregistered lands are defined. The amount of a CTC budget’s increased revenues due to the reform is estimated. Statistical data on small, medium, and large farmers and their interest in the land reform are analyzed. The terms of selling the land to foreign investors and conditions of participation in land auctions are examined. The mechanisms of land purchase, selling, and lease in line with the land reform are suggested. Generalizing the presented aspects of the land reform in Ukraine and their impact on economic activity of the newly created CTCs, it can be argued that the process is quite positive and necessary for both communities and businesses in order to get additional budget revenues for CTCs. The land reform improves the living standards of Ukrainian people through the disclosure of the country’s agricultural capacity.

The Impact of Biochar on the Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2197-2208
Author(s):  
Carmen Otilia Rusanescu ◽  
Erol Murad ◽  
Cosmin Jinescu ◽  
Marin Rusanescu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Co2 Balance ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organic Resources

In the present paper are presented the experimental results of biomass gasification, the biochair was produced from vineyards by controlled pyrolysis at 750 �C, in order to increase the fertility of soils, it was found the increase of the fertility produced by the development of the vegetables in the soil to which was added biochar. Soil was added to soil 4 g/dm3 biochar, 8 g/dm3 biochar, the soil had no high humidity, was taken at a time when it had not rained for at least one week, the soil pH was 8, in the soil with 8 g/dm3 biochar the plants increased compared to the soil with 4 g/dm3 and the soil without biochar. The biochar resulting from pyrolysis and gasification processes is a valuable amendment to agricultural soils and an efficient and economical way to seize carbon. Using biochar it is possible to increase the diversity of agricultural land in an environmentally sound way in areas with depleted soils, limited organic resources and insufficient water for development. Helps to soil carbon sequestration with negative CO2 balance, increases the productive potential of agricultural ecosystems.

Impact of LULC Changes on LST in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh: A Remote Sensing Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Al Kafy ◽  
Abdullah Al-Faisal ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Md. Soumik Sikdar ◽  
Mohammad Hasib Hasan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization has been contributing more in global climate warming, with more than 50% of the population living in cities. Rapid population growth and change in land use / land cover (LULC) are closely linked. The transformation of LULC due to rapid urban expansion significantly affects the functions of biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as local and regional climates. Improper planning and uncontrolled management of LULC changes profoundly contribute to the rise of urban land surface temperature (LST). This study evaluates the impact of LULC changes on LST for 1997, 2007 and 2017 in the Rajshahi district (Bangladesh) using multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 5 TM satellite data sets. The analysis of LULC changes exposed a remarkable increase in the built-up areas and a significant decrease in the vegetation and agricultural land. The built-up area was increased almost double in last 20 years in the study area. The distribution of changes in LST shows that built-up areas recorded the highest temperature followed by bare land, vegetation and agricultural land and water bodies. The LULC-LST profiles also revealed the highest temperature in built-up areas and the lowest temperature in water bodies. In the last 20 years, LST was increased about 13ºC. The study demonstrates decrease in vegetation cover and increase in non-evaporating surfaces with significantly increases the surface temperature in the study area. Remote-sensing techniques were found one of the suitable techniques for rapid analysis of urban expansions and to identify the impact of urbanization on LST.

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