scholarly journals The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11637
Author(s):  
Xilong Jiang ◽  
Guanyi Yin ◽  
Yi Lou ◽  
Shuai Xie ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Analyzing the recessive impacts of farmers’ livelihood transformation on the surging labor cost in grain production is conducive to finding optimization paths for grain production. This study developed the Residual Livelihood Ratio (RLR) and the Livelihood Simpson Index (LSI) to measure the transformation of farmers' livelihood in China, and applied the multiple regression model to explore the influence of the transformation of farmers' livelihood on the labor cost of grain production. The results show that because of the soaring increment in labor cost, the net profit of rice, wheat, and maize production decreased largely in China. The LSI increased, while the RLR decreased, which indicated that farmers’ livelihoods transitioned towards a more unbalanced income–expenditure but more flexible employment. The Residual Livelihood Ratio; the mechanization input; the grain yield per unit area; the non-grain plantation degree; and the non-agricultural land use degree showed negative impacts on labor cost in grain production, whereas the Livelihood Simpson Index and Engel’s coefficient of farmers showed positive impacts on the labor cost. This paper proposes targeted policy implications for labor cost control of the grain production in China.

scholarly journals Analysis construction industry on the basis of price trends of labor cost

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Daniel Przywara ◽  
Adam Rak
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Cost Estimate ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Price Trends ◽  
Estimate Rate ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

Records of the national, average pay rates in the construction industry, at quarterly intervals, allow cost - planning departments of contractors and investment services to assess current market conditions in the construction industry. Price quarterly publications, such as Sekocenbud and Intercenbud, contain important information, enabling production preparation departments to prepare a comparison of the production in-house labor rates with the market production labor rates. The article attempts to analyze the economic situation of domestic construction production in the years 2010-2016 based on the emerging price trends of the of labor cost estimates in this period, taking into account the impact of seasonal construction services. In "Polish cost estimates standards", the labor cost estimate rate is present in one form: the net labor cost estimate rate, which fully corresponds to the rate defined in calculation formulas. The rates of labor cost estimates, in individual regions of Poland, are shaped according to the presented market situations. This clearly is reflected in the periodic (quarterly) regional records of labor rates in the Sekocenbud system. The Act on prices of July 5, 2001 does not contain any normative regulations regarding the methods of cost estimation of construction works. The necessity to remain competitive forces large construction corporations to use a subcontracting system, involving several or even several dozen smaller, specialized in a narrow range of works, business entities in which labor costs are definitely lower, because they are reduced by a lower value of internal costs.

Polaris Industries Inc.

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sunil Chopra ◽  
Ioana Andreas ◽  
Sigmund Gee ◽  
Ivi Kolasi ◽  
Stephane Lhoste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
List Type ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Facility ◽  
Facility Locations ◽  
The Impact

In September 2010 Suresh Krishna, vice president of operations and integration at Polaris Industries Inc., a manufacturer of all-terrain vehicles, Side-by-Sides, and snowmobiles, needed to recommend a location for a new plant to manufacture the company's Side-by-Side vehicles.The economic slowdown in the United States had put considerable pressure on Polaris's profits, so the company was considering whether it should follow the lead of other manufacturers and open a facility in a country with lower labor costs. China and Mexico were shortlisted as possible locations for the new factory, which would be the first Polaris manufacturing facility located outside the Midwestern United States. By the end of the year Krishna needed to recommend to the board whether Polaris should build a new plant abroad (near-shored in Mexico or off-shored in China) or continue to manufacture in its American facilities. Evaluate tradeoffs between different geographic locations when establishing a manufacturing facility (off-shoring, near-shoring, and on-shoring) Run a sensitivity analysis on total cost Assess the impact of transportation costs, exchange rates, labor cost rates, lead times, and other assumptions on total costs Identify qualitative factors to be considered when deciding between non-U.S. facility locations, transportation time variability, consumer perceptions, and cultural differences

scholarly journals Optimization of labor cost standards in IT companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ivanna Pererva
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Software Product ◽  
The Impact

The article systematizes and analyzes the list of resources for IT companies. A causality diagram between model variables by the software product complexity was built on the basis of dependencies between the time and the number of specialists involved in the development of software products, as well as company performance indicators. The nature of causal relationships between the model variables in terms of the software product labor intensity is presented. Using the VenSim simulation system, a simulation model for determining optimal labor standards for IT companies was built. The results of evaluating the adequacy of the model for determining optimal labor standards are presented. The optimal labor standards by labor intensity levels are determined, at which the efficiency of using the technical, technological, information, labor, and financial resources of the company increases and the profitability of activities for IT companies is maximized. A methodological approach has been presented, which outlines the cost standards of innovative labor of IT companies’ specialists. The developed approach is aimed at determining the time and number of an IT company specialists who, due to the impact on the efficiency of using information, technical, labor and financial resources, provide the necessary level of profitability of the IT companies’ activities. The advantages of the developed methodological approach to rationing labor costs in IT companies are presented.

scholarly journals PETANI DITENGAH TAMBANG :Studi Fenomenologi EfekImplementasi Kebijakan Terhadap Kehidupan Petani di Morowali

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Eymal B. Demmallino ◽  
Tamzil Ibrahim ◽  
Abdurrahman Karim
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Mining Policy ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Impact

 The life of a farmer is very different due to the implementation of the mining policy. The purposes of this research were to know the actual condition of the community life of farmers in the ring area of the mine in District of Bahodopi and to analyze the impact of nickel mining and recommending policy management systems of natural resources that benefit the community of farmers. This approach used a descriptive qualitative approach by observation method with participation, in depth interviews, and documentation. For the data analysis stage of this research, namely data collection by specifying the informant throughpurposive sampling and continued with the reduction of the data by the method of presentation of data, and then snowball and the withdrawal of the conclusion. The results showed nickel mining has positive and negative impacts such as providing employment opportunities and business opportunities; food stalls, souvenir supplies business and housing, the conflict between farmers and companies that are triggered by a mudflow that cascaded into the farmland residents resulting in agricultural output that shrank, the majority of agricultural land is converted into mining areas so that the resulting loss of land as a sourceof intergenerational life, mining does not guarantee social welfare economic community of farmers. For farmers the presence of mine was certain will make an impact long term disaster. The Government should evaluate or review the return policy that has been applied as well as the effects of the current mining management, especially in matters related to agriculture or farmer's life.Keywords: farmers; policy; the response; meaning.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI ALAT PENANAM BENIH JAGUNG TIPE ROW SEEDER DI KELOMPOK TANI SUKA MAJU UNTUK MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN WILAYAH PERBATASAN KALIMANTAN UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dwi Santoso ◽  
Galih Yogi Rahajeng ◽  
Saat Egra
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technical Guidance

ABSTRAKPermasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Kelompok tani Suka Maju hingga saat ini yaitu masih menggunakan metode manual dalam proses penanaman benih jagung, hal ini membuat waktu pengerjaan lebih lama dan posisi lubang tidak sejajar dan presisi. Dampak dari dua hal tersebut yaitu akan menambah biaya tenaga kerja dan posisi jagung yang tidak sejajar ataupun berhimpitan akan membuat petumbuhan tanaman jagung tidak optimal. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan teknologi alat penanam benih tipe row seeder untuk mengurangi jerih kerja petani pada saat proses penanaman benih khususnya tanaman jagung. Kegiatan PKM ini dilakukan di lahan Kelompok tani Suka Maju  Kelurahan Juata Laut Kecamatan Tarakan Utara, Kota Tarakan. Kegiatan ini dibagi dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu survey, sosialisasi, pembuatan alat, bimbingan teknis serta evaluasi pelaksanaan dan keberlanjutan program oleh Kelompok Tani. Kegiatan PKM penerapan teknologi alat penanam tipe row seeder di kelompok tani Suka Maju berjalan dengan baik serta para petani bersemangat untuk mengaplikasikan alat penanam di setiap lahan mereka. Selain itu terjadi peningkatan efisiensi dalam proses budidaya tanaman jagung dikelompok tani suka maju yaitu proses penananam jagung bisa lebih cepat 45% dibandingkan pada saat penanaman benih jagung secara manual Kata kunci: penerapan; alat penanam benih jagung; tipe row seeder. ABSTRACTThe problem faced by the Suka Maju farmer group until now is that they still use manual methods in the process of planting corn seeds, this makes the processing time longer and the position of the planting holes is not parallel and precise. The impact of these two things is that it will increase labor costs and the position of corn that is not parallel or coincides will make corn plant growth not optimal. This service aims to apply row seeder type seed planter technology to reduce the labor of farmers during the seed planting process, especially for corn plants. This PKM activity was carried out on agricultural land belonging to the Suka Maju farmer group, Juata Laut Village, North Tarakan District, Tarakan City. This activity is divided into several stages, namely survey, socialization, tool making, technical guidance and evaluation of the implementation and sustainability of the program by the Farmer Group. The PKM activity for the application of row seeder type planter technology in the Suka Maju farmer group is going well and the farmers are excited to apply the planter in each of their lands. In addition, there is an increase in efficiency in the corn cultivation process in the advanced farmer group, namely the corn planting process can be 45% faster than when planting corn seeds manually. Keywords: application; corn seed planter; row seeder type.

scholarly journals Policies and Socio-economics influencing on Agricultural Production: A Case Study on Maize Production in Bokeo Province, Laos.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boundeth Southavilay ◽  
Teruaki Nanseki ◽  
Shigeyoshi Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

<p>Since 2005s, agricultural land in northern Laos has become to be dominated by maize mono-cropping. The rapid expansion of this commercial crop has the resulted of policy implementations and demand of maize from the neighboring countries. The purpose of this study was aim to analyze the impact of commercial agricultural policy and socio-economic factors influencing on maize production in Houyxai Distirct, Bokeo Province of Laos. A survey of 98 maize farmers by face to face interviews was conducted in September 2010. Ordinary Least Square regression model was applied in order to explain how these policies and socio-economic factors effect to farmers and contribute to maize production. The results revealed that 94% of the variation in maize production (ton) is explained by the selected explanatory variables. Seven variables have a positive significant and one variable has a negative effect on maize production volume. The results also demonstrated that the most important effect to maize production is a “policy push” mainly variables of farmland, farmer organization, support market and credit access and a “market pull” by private sectors with providing input factors namely seeds, land preparation and techniques. Therefore, the government should look at the way of credit providing system that may effect in high production cost, at the same time the expansion of farm size is needed to take into account.</p>

From urban sprawl to land consolidation in suburban Shanghai under the backdrop of increasing versus decreasing balance policy: A perspective of property rights transfer

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian ◽  
Xu Guo ◽  
Wei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Policy Arrangements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rights Transfer

Since the 1980s, Chinese cities have witnessed significant growth, resulting in urban sprawl all over the country. Under the strict land quota system, local government has had to transform its approach of Greenfield development to land consolidation. Under the ‘Increasing and Decreasing Balance’ land use policy, the Shanghai government began to consolidate rural construction land in order to acquire extra quota for state land by transferring development rights from collective land to state land and by establishing a three-level land consolidation planning system. This paper firstly examines the expansion of non-agricultural land in Shanghai since 1990. It explains the policy arrangements of land consolidation from the perspective of property rights transfer between state and collective land. Taking Xinbang Township as an example, this paper examines the roles of various stakeholders in land consolidation, the municipalities, district and township governments, village collectives, local villagers and entrepreneurs, and analyses the impact land consolidation has upon them. The paper concludes with discussion and policy implications of future land consolidation.

scholarly journals Albanian EU Integration and its Economic Convergence in the Agricultural Sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Arjola Mitaj ◽  
Jonida Avdulaj ◽  
Klodian Muco
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foreign Enterprises ◽  
The Eu

Recently, the core of political and economic debate in Albania consists on reflections related to increasing the Albanian competitiveness in international markets. Fiscal pressures, low labor costs in the Albanian market and the attraction of foreign investment during the last years seems to have not yielded the expected results, not only for being more competitive in foreign markets but even for domestic consumption. It is mentioned here domestic consumption because focused on agricultural sector, it can be considered as a strategic sector of the future in Albania, and especially the EU where we aspire to take part, requests from Albania to orient production toward agriculture. This sector although constitutes 22% of GDP and occupies 47% of total employees fulfills only a quarter of domestic consumption (INSTAT, 2013). The impact of this sector in EU countries is only 1.7%. These indicators are simple enough to understand that even though agriculture is the most important sector of the country, from the standpoint of employment and the strategies remains still one of the sectors with the lowest productivity in Europe and shows that our country in order to achieve EU levels, has a lot of work to do and it is very essential for this process taking in consideration or paying attention to the "best practices" of this sector to reduce the gap created between Albania and the EU countries if we truly aspire to become part of this family. It is often discussed about the stimulation of foreign enterprises to displace a part of their manufacturing in our country. Or more precisely, it has often been demanded that foreign enterprises should operate in traditional sectors with output compartments that use a non-specialized labor intensive. According to modern economic theories, low labor cost is one of the primary factors in the international fragmentation of production (Lucas, 1988; Stokey, 1991; Bassanini and Scarpetta (2002b). While talking about labor cost, this should not be confused with low salaries, because not always a low salary coincides with a low labor cost. The problem of these entrepreneurs is the fact that although they shift their production to countries like Albania, they do not create a long-term cooperation with these countries. Not even a distribution of technology or an increase of total productivity is noticed, even in those sectors where there has been a shift of production. The objective of this paper is to measure the convergence in the agricultural sector and the role that integration has played in the economic development of the country in order to give some modest suggestions for policy makers which may be necessary for designing development strategies in the future

scholarly journals Institutional Analysis of Adoption of Agroforestry Practices in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulatu Fekadu Zerihun
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

Agroforestry practices are innovations developed in response to problems associated with inappropriate land use practices. The latter refers to the use of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes because of an increase in urbanisation, rapidly developing industry, and investments, and, finally, gaps in laws and regulations (Cengiz, 2013). Agroforestry practices are land-based economic development strategies with a perceived positive role in supporting rural livelihoods. Using a logistic regression model with cross-sectional data, this study explores the impact of institutional factors and incentive mechanisms that affect the adoption of agroforestry innovations. The study finds that a larger number of extension services, access to credit, access to extension, information exchange among farmers, trust in local institutions, active participation in social  groups and organisations, and prior exposure to agricultural technologies are the variables that positively affect the adoption of agroforestry innovations in the study area. These findings have policy implications in promoting integrated rural development in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

Restructuring grain production in China: regional heterogeneity and its causality

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-665
Author(s):  
Xuyuan Zheng ◽  
Weiping Liu ◽  
Zhigang Xu ◽  
Ruiyao Ying ◽  
Chunhui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Image Data ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structure Adjustment ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Input

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the heterogeneity of regional grain production distribution in China, by examining the regional heterogeneity of absolute and relative changes in grain planting acreage, and explain it in terms of increasing labor costs and difficulties in agricultural inputs adjustment. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data from official statistical yearbooks and the satellite remote sensing image data of Landsat TM 30 m. Multivariate analysis is conducted to examine the effect of labor cost, difficulty in replacing agricultural input factors and other factors underpinning changes in grain acreage and grain structure adjustment. Findings The heterogeneity of changes in grain acreage and proportion of arable area for grain production are mainly determined using the labor cost and difficulties in the replacement of agricultural input factors. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to systematically analyze the heterogeneity in restructuring grain production at provincial level and its causes. The results not only provide evidence of grain production restructuring at regional level, but also contribute to the understanding of the law of structural change in agricultural production.

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