Do gentrifying neighbourhoods have less community? Evidence from Philadelphia

One of the more detrimental effects of gentrification is the potential for a decreased sense of neighbourhood community. Systematic analysis of the effect of gentrification on communities has been limited. This study investigated how an individual’s sense of connection to neighbourhood community, as measured by trust, belongingness and sense of cooperation, was influenced by their residence in a gentrifying neighbourhood. We utilised hierarchical linear models with individual data from the 2014/2015 Public Health Management Corporation’s Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey and neighbourhood data from the 2000 Decennial Census and 2010–2014 American Community Survey. We find that gentrification overall has a negative relation with neighbourhood community, but this relationship varied by the racial/ethnic turnover underlying the changes taking place in these neighbourhoods. Specifically, we find that gentrification marked by increases in Whites and decreases in non-Whites had no measurable relation with neighbourhood community; that gentrification marked by increases in non-Whites alone had a positive effect on neighbourhood community for Black and Hispanic residents; and that gentrifying neighbourhoods which experienced an increase in both Whites and non-Whites had a negative overall relation with neighbourhood community.

Download Full-text

ARE HEALTH INSURANCE ITEM ALLOCATIONS IN THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY MISSING COMPLETELY AT RANDOM?

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2013.29 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

C. SIORDIA

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Health Insurance Coverage ◽

Community Survey ◽

American Community Survey ◽

Data Sets ◽

Missing Responses ◽

Missing Completely At Random ◽

Racial Ethnic

Background:Item allocation (the assignment of plausible values to missing or illogical responses insurvey studies) is at times necessary in the production of complete data sets. In the American Community Survey(ACS), missing responses to health insurance coverage questions are allocated. Objectives:Because allocationrates may vary as a function of compositional characteristics, this project investigates how seven different healthinsurance coverage items vary in their degree of allocation along basic demographic variables. Methods: Datafrom the ACS 2010 1-year Public Use Microdata Sample file are used in a logistic regression model and tocalculate allocations rates. Results:The findings reveal that: males; people aged 65 and older; those who speakEnglish “very well” or “well”; US citizens; those out-of-poverty; and all racial/ethnic minority groups havehigher odds of experiencing a health insurance item allocation relative to their counterparts. Conclusions: Sincehealth insurance coverage allocations vary by demographic characteristics, further research is needed toinvestigate their mechanisms of missingness and how these may have implications for frailty related research.

Download Full-text

Racial/Ethnic Transition and Hierarchy Among Ascending Neighborhoods

Urban Affairs Review ◽

10.1177/1078087418770810 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 1550-1578 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ann Owens ◽

Jennifer Candipan

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Predominantly White ◽

Mixed Race ◽

Community Survey ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

American Community Survey ◽

Ethnic Population ◽

Racial Ethnic

This article examines the racial/ethnic population dynamics of ascending neighborhoods—those experiencing socioeconomic growth. Drawing on Census and American Community Survey data from 1990 to 2010, we first explore whether changes in racial/ethnic composition occur alongside ascent. We find that, while most neighborhoods’ racial/ethnic composition does not dramatically change during this period, neighborhoods that experienced ascent are much more likely to transition from majority-minority to mixed race or predominantly White than nonascending neighborhoods. Then, we use microdata to analyze whether two potential drivers of ascent, the in-migration of higher-socioeconomic status (SES) households and changes in the fortunes of long-term residents, are racially/ethnically stratified. We argue that the process of neighborhood socioeconomic ascent perpetuates neighborhood racial/ethnic hierarchy. While most Black and Hispanic neighborhoods remain majority-minority, those that ascend are more likely to experience a succession of high-SES White residents replacing minority residents.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Segregated Cities on Ethnoracial Minority Healthcare System Distrust

10.31219/osf.io/puaw7 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Gibbons

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽

Minority Health ◽

Health Management ◽

Community Survey ◽

American Community Survey ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

The Public ◽

Black Neighborhoods

Distrust of the health system is a longstanding issue for ethnoracial minorities, especially for Blacks. Not well understood, however, is the role ethnoracial segregation within a city plays in this distrust. While segregation is typically associated with neighborhood ills, there is evidence that it also can moderate distrust. This study draws on the 2008 wave of the Public Health Management Corporation's Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey and the 2005-2009 American Community Survey to explore the possibility that segregation effects healthcare system distrust. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, we find residence in predominately Black neighborhoods was associated with less distrust in the healthcare system for the Black respondents while residence in mixed neighborhood was associated with more distrust for Black respondents. These findings call for a reevaluation of how healthcare system distrust is understood. Distrust has been connected to poorer health outcomes, playing into wider gaps in ethnoracial minority health outcomes.

Download Full-text

Residential Disadvantages and Disincentives: Examining a Black Proportion Paradox

10.31235/osf.io/ydt9b ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karl Vachuska

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Neighborhood Effects ◽

Markov Models ◽

Black Americans ◽

Community Survey ◽

American Community Survey ◽

Additional Source ◽

Black Neighborhoods ◽

Poverty Levels ◽

Positive Effect

Research on both neighborhood effects and segregation dynamics of Black Americans has focused on the significance of income and poverty levels in predominately black neighborhoods. In this article, I identify an assortment of disadvantages facing Black Americans that’s presence is inversely related to the black proportion in neighborhoods as an additional source of residential disadvantage and disincentive and suggest a critical relationship between this set of disadvantages and the disadvantages that tend to be situated more so in predominately black neighborhoods. Besides suggesting the relationships between these two sets of disadvantages are significant in determining the net disadvantage black Americans are subjected to, I build on the findings of Bruch (2014), demonstrating via Interactive Markov Models and analysis of recent American Community Survey data that higher levels of Inversely-Related Disadvantages can have a positive effect on the neighborhood black proportion Affluent Blacks experience, but only when Between-Race Inequality is low.

Download Full-text

Effects of Momentary Affect on Satisfaction Judgments

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Marko Tončić ◽

Petra Anić

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Time Frame ◽

Hierarchical Linear Models ◽

Curvilinear Relationship ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Transient Events ◽

Time Frames ◽

Events Data ◽

Level Satisfaction ◽

Source Of Information

Abstract. This study aims to examine the effect of affect on satisfaction, both at the between- and the within-person level for momentary assessments. Affect is regarded as an important source of information for life satisfaction judgments. This affective effect on satisfaction is well established at the dispositional level, while at the within-person level it is heavily under-researched. This is true especially for momentary assessments. In this experience sampling study both mood and satisfaction scales were administered five times a day for 7 days via hand-held devices ( N = 74 with 2,122 assessments). Several hierarchical linear models were fitted to the data. Even though the amount of between-person variance was relatively low, both positive and negative affect had substantial effects on momentary satisfaction on the between- and the within-person level as well. The within-person effects of affect on satisfaction appear to be more pronounced than the between-person ones. At the momentary level, the amount of between-person variance is lower than in studies with longer time-frames. The affect-related effects on satisfaction possibly have a curvilinear relationship with the time-frame used, increasing in intensity up to a point and then decreasing again. Such a relationship suggests that, at the momentary level, satisfaction might behave in a more stochastic manner, allowing for transient events/data which are not necessarily affect-related to affect it.

Download Full-text