Racial/Ethnic Transition and Hierarchy Among Ascending Neighborhoods

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1550-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Owens ◽  
Jennifer Candipan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This article examines the racial/ethnic population dynamics of ascending neighborhoods—those experiencing socioeconomic growth. Drawing on Census and American Community Survey data from 1990 to 2010, we first explore whether changes in racial/ethnic composition occur alongside ascent. We find that, while most neighborhoods’ racial/ethnic composition does not dramatically change during this period, neighborhoods that experienced ascent are much more likely to transition from majority-minority to mixed race or predominantly White than nonascending neighborhoods. Then, we use microdata to analyze whether two potential drivers of ascent, the in-migration of higher-socioeconomic status (SES) households and changes in the fortunes of long-term residents, are racially/ethnically stratified. We argue that the process of neighborhood socioeconomic ascent perpetuates neighborhood racial/ethnic hierarchy. While most Black and Hispanic neighborhoods remain majority-minority, those that ascend are more likely to experience a succession of high-SES White residents replacing minority residents.

Latino Continual Demographic Growth: Implications for Educational Practices and Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Rogelio Sáenz
Keyword(s):  
Undocumented Students ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Undergraduate Enrollment ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
The U.S

Demographic shifts have transformed the racial and ethnic composition of the U.S. undergraduate population. Data from the American Community Survey are used to analyze Latino undergraduate enrollment as well as factors that contribute to the matriculation of undocumented Latino young adults. The article concludes with an overview of the implications of the growth of the Latino population and the experience of undocumented students on educational practices and policies.

ARE HEALTH INSURANCE ITEM ALLOCATIONS IN THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY MISSING COMPLETELY AT RANDOM?

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. SIORDIA
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Missing Responses ◽  
Missing Completely At Random ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background:Item allocation (the assignment of plausible values to missing or illogical responses insurvey studies) is at times necessary in the production of complete data sets. In the American Community Survey(ACS), missing responses to health insurance coverage questions are allocated. Objectives:Because allocationrates may vary as a function of compositional characteristics, this project investigates how seven different healthinsurance coverage items vary in their degree of allocation along basic demographic variables. Methods: Datafrom the ACS 2010 1-year Public Use Microdata Sample file are used in a logistic regression model and tocalculate allocations rates. Results:The findings reveal that: males; people aged 65 and older; those who speakEnglish “very well” or “well”; US citizens; those out-of-poverty; and all racial/ethnic minority groups havehigher odds of experiencing a health insurance item allocation relative to their counterparts. Conclusions: Sincehealth insurance coverage allocations vary by demographic characteristics, further research is needed toinvestigate their mechanisms of missingness and how these may have implications for frailty related research.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Predictors of Cognitive Training Outcomes and Trajectories in ACTIVE

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oanh L. Meyer ◽  
Shannon M. Sisco ◽  
Danielle Harvey ◽  
Laura B. Zahodne ◽  
M. Maria Glymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Major City ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Everyday Cognition ◽  
Term Change ◽  
And Control ◽  
Racial Ethnic

We examined the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic position (SEP), racial/ethnic composition, and living in a major city on cognitive trajectories and intervention outcomes. Data came from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study ( N = 2,438). Mixed effects analyses examined the associations between neighborhood variables and memory, reasoning, speed of processing, and everyday cognition, estimating differences in initial gains (potentially related to practice) and long-term rate of change over 10 years. The effect of reasoning training on initial gain was weaker for individuals in a major city. For everyday cognition, there was a stronger initial gain for memory-trained and control participants in areas with more racial/ethnic minorities and for speed-trained and control individuals in higher SEP areas. The racial/ethnic minority effect was no longer significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Neighborhood factors may be more important in practice-related improvement than in long-term change.

Do gentrifying neighbourhoods have less community? Evidence from Philadelphia

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gibbons ◽  
Michael S Barton ◽  
Timothy T Reling
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Models ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Positive Effect

One of the more detrimental effects of gentrification is the potential for a decreased sense of neighbourhood community. Systematic analysis of the effect of gentrification on communities has been limited. This study investigated how an individual’s sense of connection to neighbourhood community, as measured by trust, belongingness and sense of cooperation, was influenced by their residence in a gentrifying neighbourhood. We utilised hierarchical linear models with individual data from the 2014/2015 Public Health Management Corporation’s Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey and neighbourhood data from the 2000 Decennial Census and 2010–2014 American Community Survey. We find that gentrification overall has a negative relation with neighbourhood community, but this relationship varied by the racial/ethnic turnover underlying the changes taking place in these neighbourhoods. Specifically, we find that gentrification marked by increases in Whites and decreases in non-Whites had no measurable relation with neighbourhood community; that gentrification marked by increases in non-Whites alone had a positive effect on neighbourhood community for Black and Hispanic residents; and that gentrifying neighbourhoods which experienced an increase in both Whites and non-Whites had a negative overall relation with neighbourhood community.

Has Boston's 2011 cigar packaging and pricing regulation reduced availability of single-flavoured cigars popular with youth?

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Tami Gouveia ◽  
Cheryl Sbarra ◽  
Nikysha Harding ◽  
Kevin Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Market Indicator

ObjectiveWe evaluated retailer compliance with a cigar packaging and pricing regulation in Boston, Massachusetts, enacted in February 2012, and the regulation's impact on availability of single cigars.MethodsGrape-flavoured Dutch Masters (DM) single-packaged cigars were examined as market indicator. At quarterly intervals from October 2011 to December 2014, availability and price of DM single cigars were observed through professional inspector visits to tobacco retailers in Boston (n=2232) and 10 comparison cities (n=3400). Differences in price and availability were examined between Boston and the comparison cities and across Boston neighbourhoods.ResultsThe mean price of DM single cigars sold in Boston increased from under $1.50 in 2011 to above $2.50 in 2014, consistent with regulation requirements. Rates of retailer compliance reached 100% within 15 months postpolicy enactment based on observed price, and 97% at 30 months postenactment based on final sale prices. There was a 34.5% net decrease in the percentage of Boston retailers selling single cigars from 2011 to 2014. The number of Boston neighbourhoods with 3 or more retailers selling single cigars per 100 youth residents decreased from 12 in 2011 to 3 in 2014. No change in price or per cent of retailers selling single cigars was observed in the comparison cities in the same period.ConclusionsRetailers throughout Boston are in compliance with the regulation. The regulation has been effective in reducing levels and disparities in availability of flavoured single cigars popular with youth across Boston neighbourhoods, regardless of socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic composition.

scholarly journals Differential Attainment of Affordable Housing among America’s Ethnoracial Groups; 2005-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Instability ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
County Level ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Residential Attainment

Affordable housing is an under researched area of residential attainment despite is importance and the potential consequences of households spending too much on housing—such as forced moves and financial instability. This study analyzes disparities in attainment of affordable housing between white, black, Hispanic, and Asian households using 2005-2017 American Community Survey microdata linked to county-level ACS 5-year estimates. I test hypotheses regarding the overall disparities between ethnoracial groups, potential limited returns on socioeconomic status and acculturation characteristics for black, Hispanic, and Asian households relative to white households, and the positive effects of high coethnic populations within the county of residence. Results show there are significant gaps between whites and the other groups regarding their attainment of affordable housing throughout the study period. Differential returns on socioeconomic status are also present, with Hispanics and Asians receiving lesser returns on education relative to whites. Hispanics received significant benefits regarding immigrant status compared to other ethnoracial groups. When accounting for county-level ethnoracial composition there is clear evidence that black, Hispanic, and Asian households are more likely to benefit than white households if they live in a county with an increased coethnic population. However, all groups become less likely overall to live in affordable housing as a county’s percentage white decreases suggesting that ethnoracial composition affects both the overall attainment of affordable housing for all groups and the relative disparities between groups within counties.

Long-term population dynamics of the red deer and European roe deer at the protected and not-protected areas in Mountain Crimea

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
V. N. Shmagol' ◽  
V. L. Yarysh ◽  
S. P. Ivanov ◽  
V. I. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Impact

<p>The long-term population dynamics of the red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em> L.) and European roe deer (<em>Capreolus</em> <em>capreolus</em> L.) at the mountain and forest zone of Crimea during 1980-2017 is presented. Fluctuations in numbers of both species are cyclical and partly synchronous. Period of oscillations in the population of red deer is about 25 years, the average duration of the oscillation period of number of roe deer is 12.3 years. During the fluctuations in the number the increasing and fall in population number of the red deer had been as 26-47 %, and roe deer – as 22-34 %. Basing on the dada obtained we have assumed that together with large-scale cycles of fluctuations in population number of both red deer and roe deer the short cycles of fluctuations in the number of these species with period from 3.5 to 7.5 years take place. Significant differences of the parameters of cyclical fluctuations in the number of roe deer at some sites of the Mountainous Crimea: breaches of synchronicity, as well as significant differences in the duration of cycles are revealed. The greatest deviations from the average values of parameters of long-term dynamics of the number of roe deer in Crimea are noted for groups of this species at two protected areas. At the Crimean Nature Reserve the cycle time of fluctuations of the numbers of roe deer was 18 years. At the Karadag Nature Reserve since 1976 we can see an exponential growth in number of roe deer that is continued up to the present time. By 2016 the number of roe deer reached 750 individuals at a density of 437 animals per 1 thousand ha. Peculiarity of dynamics of number of roe deer at some sites proves the existence in the mountain forest of Crimea several relatively isolated groups of deer. We assumed that "island" location of the Crimean populations of red deer and European roe deer, their relatively little number and influence of permanent extreme factors of both natural and anthropogenic origination have contributed to a mechanism of survival of these populations. The elements of such a mechanism include the following features of long-term dynamics of the population: the reduction in the period of cyclic population fluctuations, while maintaining their amplitude and the appearance of additional small cycles, providing more flexible response of the population to the impact of both negative and positive environmental factors. From the totality of the weather conditions for the Crimean population of roe deer the recurring periods of increases and downs in the annual precipitation amount may have relevance. There was a trend of increase in the roe deer population during periods of increasing annual precipitation.</p>

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