scholarly journals Youth Violence in Central America

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Peetz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the social construction of youth violence in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador on the one hand, and the related security policies of the three states, on the other. In each country, there is an idiosyncratic way of constructing youth violence and juvenile delinquency. Also, each country has its own manner of reaction to those problems. In El Salvador youths are socially constructed as a threat to security, and the state implements predominantly repressive policies to protect citizens against that threat. In Nicaragua and Costa Rica, where the social discourse on youth violence is less prominent, the state’s policies are neither very accentuated nor very coherent, whether in terms of repressive or nonrepressive measures. There are strong relationships and mutual influences between the public’s fear (or disregard) of youth violence and the state’s policies to reduce it.

scholarly journals Detección de la presencia del ácaro (Aculops lycopersici) causante del bronceamiento del tomate (Lycoprsicon esculentum) en El Salvador, América Central

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Serrano Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Aculops Lycopersici ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
First Time

In October 1989, microscopic specimens of (acaros) with symptoms of browning and plant mortality in young and older tomato plants from various locations in El Salvador were sent tó the entomologist Ing. Ronald Ochoa from Costa Rica. lng. Ronald Ochoa is associated with the Diagnostics Network of the Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigation y Enseñanza (CATlE) based in Turrialba, Costa Rica. Microscopic examination of this material confirmed the taxonomic identification as Aculops lycopersici (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), suspected since May 1988 with the first observation and collection of samples. Abrief review of literature and a phone conversation with the specialist who identified the material, permits reporting for the first time of the presence of this species in El Salvador. This finding is a warning about this pest which could be apotential problem in the tropics of Central America. This paper discusses personal observations of some of the characteristics, habits and appearances of this species, small experiments, and it includes a review of literature pertinent to this subject

Maize rayado fino marafivirus. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Maize rayado fino marafivirus Viruses: Marafivirus Hosts: Maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Florida, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Parana, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

New species of Mutillid Mimicking Enoclerus Gahan (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae) from Mexico and Central America

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (3) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUES RIFKIND
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Batesian Mimicry

Six new species of Enoclerus are described: E. delusus n. sp. from Costa Rica and Panamá, E. incanus n. sp. from México, E. zip n. sp. from México and El Salvador, E. reductesignatus n. sp. from Panamá, and E. citrinifrons n. sp. and E. philogenes n. sp. from Costa Rica. The new species are hypothesized to participate in a Batesian mimicry complex with boldly marked diurnal mutillid wasps as their model. Enoclerus crabronarius var. deletus Wolcott is elevated to species rank as E. deletus Wolcott new status. The identity of E. crabronarius is discussed. 

scholarly journals Sjálfsritskoðun íslenskra blaðamanna

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgir Guðmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
News Values ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One ◽  
Media Firms ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

The discussion on media self-censorship has flourished in Iceland after the attacks on the Charlie Hebdo editorial offices in January 2015 and after some dramatic changes in the top management and owner-groups of some of the media firms. But what is this experience that journalists describe as self censorship? This paper attempts to answer two main research questions. On the one hand the question how journalists understand the concept of selfcensorship. On the other hand the question: what is the experience of Icelandic journalist of self-censorship? The approach is the one of a qualitative research and is based on interviews with six experienced journalists. The main findings suggest important influence of the social discourse on news and news values of journalists and their tendency for self-censorship. This discourse is partly directed by politicians and influential bloggers and also by a massive discussion by active social media users. Furthermore the findings suggest, that ownership and the location of the particular medium where a journalist works in the lineup of different commercial-political blocks in the media market, is important for self-censorship. Finally it seems that journalists understand the concept selfcensorship in a different manner and that it is important to define the term carefully if it is to be used as an analytical tool.

scholarly journals Spatial variations of b-values in the subduction zone of Central America

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-587
Author(s):  
David A. Monterroso ◽  
Ota Kulhánek
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Central America ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
B Values ◽  
El Alto

Estudiamos la distribución frecuencia-magnitud a lo largo de la trinchera mesoamericana (MAT), usando 2345 eventos del periodo 1964-1994. Utilizamos el catalogo regional MIDAS con magnitud de completitud de 4.2. Para mapear el valor b como función de la profundidad (enfoque unidimensional), aplicamos el procedimiento de ventanas deslizantes en la vertical. Cada ventana contiene un número constante de eventos. Para obtener más detalles en la distribución del valor b, proyectamos los hipocentros del catálogo en tres regiones (aproximadamente Guatemala-El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica), hacia planos perpendiculares a la trinchera. Luego, calculamos el valor b en volúmenes cilíndricos deslizantes (enfoque bidimensional) que contienen un número constante de eventos y con centros en los nodos de un enrejillado de 5 km x 5 km. El valor b varía significativamente a lo largo de la MAT. Identificamos valores altos de b en la parte superior de la litosfera subducida, a profundidades de 80-110 km por debajo de Guatemala y El Salvador, y a profundidades de 130-170 km por debajo de Nicaragua. Localizamos valores anómalos (altos) de b en la parte inferior de la litosfera, a profundidades de 50-90 km y 50-160 km por debajo de Guatemala-El Salvador y Nicaragua, respectivamente. Las anomalías observadas en la parte superior de la litosfera pueden estar relacionadas con deshidratación e incremento sucesivo de la presión de poro en la litosfera descendiente. Estos, a su vez, producirían el volcanismo que ocurre sobre las anomalías en la parte superior de la litosfera. Las anomalías en la parte inferior de la zona de Wadati-Benioff podrían estar asociadas con el alto gradiente térmico entre la litosfera y el manto.

scholarly journals The Brachiacantha Dejean, 1837 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Central America

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 157-196
Author(s):  
Jorge Ismael Nestor-Arriola ◽  
Víctor Hugo Toledo-Hernández ◽  
Ángel Solís ◽  
Guillermo González ◽  
Jaroslav Větrovec
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New Records ◽  
Central American ◽  
Type Material ◽  
First Time ◽  
Central American Species

A revision of the Central American species of the genus Brachiacantha was undertaken to update the knowledge of the Central American species of the genus. Material of several collections was reviewed, using original descriptions and keys, and comparing with the type material. Twenty-five species of the genus Brachiacantha were found in Central American material, including nine new species: B. nubes Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. dentata Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. isthmena Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. aurantiapleura Nestor-Arriola, Solís and Toledo-Hernández, sp. nov., B. invertita Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. papiliona Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. tica Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. hexaspina González, Větrovec and Nestor-Arriola, sp. nov., and B. mimica Nestor-Arriola and Toledo-Hernández, sp. nov. Nomenclatural changes include Brachiacantha gorhami (Weise), comb. nov., B. guatemalensis (Gorham), comb. nov., and Brachiacantha duodecimguttata Leng, syn. nov. for B. lepida Mulsant. The male genitalia of the species B. fenestrata Gorhan, B. octostigma Mulsant, B. aperta Weise, and B. cachensis Gorhan are described and illustrated for the first time. New records include B. indubitabilis Crotch and B. bipartita Mulsant (Costa Rica and Guatemala), B. gorhami (Weise) (El Salvador), and B. cachensis Gorham (Panamá). A key to the species is included.

scholarly journals Life Story of Helge Fossmo, Former Pastor of Knutby Filadelfia, as Told in Prison

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Frisk ◽  
Susan Jean Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Social Resource ◽  
Cultural Resource ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

In January 2004 the religious community of Knutby Filadelfia gained notoriety in Sweden after a young woman was shot dead and a young man seriously wounded. One of the pastors, Helge Fossmo, the husband of the murdered woman, was later found guilty of incitement or conspiracy to murder and was sentenced to life in prison. The actual perpetuator was, however, one of his mistresses, who was committed to psychiatric care. The case became subject to extraordinary media attention, with focus on the congregation’s charismatic head pastor, Åsa Waldau, and the innovative teachings of the group. This article is based on a narrative analysis of an interview in prison with the former pastor Helge Fossmo, as a step towards understanding the psychological, social and ideological forces that may have contributed to the violence in the Knutby case. Narratives are culturally framed and draw on cultural resources, are socially constructed, and become consolidated by repetition. The narrative of Fossmo draws upon the cultural resource of the “evil cult narrative,” as well as the social resource of his therapist, whose perspective is strikingly similar to the one Fossmo presents.

Drought to exacerbate Central America social problems

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Central America ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
The Social

Subject Drought in Central America. Significance Intensifying drought in the Northern Triangle countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras has had a devastating effect on crop production and food stocks, exacerbating the social challenges facing communities and authorities. Impacts NGOs will increasingly cooperate regionwide to deal with drought. Already strained agricultural sectors will be particularly vulnerable to the effects of natural disasters such as hurricanes. Increased migration to cities from affected areas will exacerbate urban gang activity. Migration within Central America will increasingly focus Costa Rican attention on the issue.

Gliricidia little leaf phytoplasma. [Distribution map].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Gliricidia little leaf phytoplasma Bacteria: Phytoplasmas Hosts: Gliricidia sepium. Information is given on the geographical distribution in CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

Community-based tourism in a degrowth perspective.

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Ernest Cañada
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract This chapter highlights that despite the large body of existing literature on community-based tourism there is a lack of research adopting a degrowth perspective, as well as those conditions in which degrowth can happen in the case of community-based tourism. Based on the negligence of past research, the chapter explores the potentialities and limitations of community-based tourism experiences in Central America from the perspective of a socioecological transition. The chapter analyses three community-based tourism initiatives in three Latin American countries: Cooperativa Los Pinos (El Salvador), Ecoposada El Tisey (Nicaragua) and Stribrawpa (Costa Rica), and highlights both their commercial success and their potential to show possible emancipatory paths. In doing so, in-depth interviews were conducted with the members of the three initiatives, and systematization of their main characteristics and results, as well as the identification of the adopted strategies, were reviewed in order to be considered as examples for a debate on how tourism can be rethought in a degrowth perspective.

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