Megaprojects and the Restructuring of Urban Governance

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Carrión

Urban megaprojects are contentious sites in the politics and restructuring of local governance. In Ecuador, the state supported entrepreneurial urban governance under neoliberal administrations, and the “post-neoliberal” governments continue to employ an entrepreneurial approach to urban infrastructures. Building urban megaprojects does not mean building inclusive territories, as large investments divert attention from everyday practices to politically motivated disputes and reinforce uneven spatial development. The case of the Quito international airport illustrates the tensions in the production of space, the socio-spatial externalities, and the rescaling of the power relations between actors under different political regimes. Los megaproyectos urbanos son espacios de conflicto en la política y la reestructuración de la gobernanza local. En el Ecuador el Estado apoyó una gobernanza urbana empresarial bajo las administraciones neoliberales y los gobiernos “post-neoliberales” siguen empleando un enfoque empresarial hacia las infraestructuras urbanas. La construcción de megaproyectos urbanos no implica la construcción de espacios inclusivos en tanto que las grandes inversiones desvían la atención de las prácticas cotidianas hacia conflictos claramente políticos y refuerzan un desarrollo espacial desigual. El caso del aeropuerto internacional de Quito ilustra las tensiones en la producción del espacio, las externalidades socio-espaciales y el reajuste de las relaciones de poder entre actores bajo regímenes políticos diferentes.

2021 ◽  
pp. 0739456X2199466
Author(s):  
Siu Wai Wong ◽  
Xingguang Chen ◽  
Bo-sin Tang ◽  
Jinlong Liu

A key theme in urban governance research is how neoliberalism reshapes the state–society relationship. Our study on Guangzhou, where urban regeneration through massive redevelopment of “villages-in-the-city” uncovered interactions between the state, market, and community in local governance, contributes to this debate. Based on intensive field research to analyze three projects, we find that what really controls neoliberal growth in China is not simply the authoritarian tradition of the socialist state but also the power of the indigenous village communities. Our findings suggest that state intervention for community building is vital for rebalancing power relations between the state, market, and community.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Nóra Teller

The rescaling of the state and the general governance changes we have witnessed in Western Europe since the sixties occurred in Hungary in the last 25 years. In this paper I revisit the literature on phenomena relating to changes in urban planning governance brought about by neoliberal regimes, and highlight parallel issues in the after-transition Hungarian context. Challenges of local governance are discussed, focussing on the mechanisms that have fuelled segregation in the Hungarian urban context. The paper concludes that glocalisation has been the main outcome of the decentralisation of public administration also in Hungary, whereas more recently rolling out of the state through its development policies financed mainly from EU funds has attempted to address urban inequalities and segregation. In part, however, some of the urban rehabilitation attempts are based on 'diseconomies of conflict', which means that results may become unsustainable in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Tanja R. Müller ◽  
Milena Belloni

This special focus section analyses state–diaspora relationships with a focus on the case of Eritrea, a paradigmatic example, as we show in this introduction, to elaborate on the following key questions: What determines loyalty between diaspora and the state? How can we understand the dynamics of co-optation, loyalty, and resistance that characterise many diaspora–state relationships? What is the role of historical events and memory in building alliances as well as divides among different generations and different groups in the diaspora? How do diaspora citizens interpret and enact their citizenship in everyday practices of engagement? By engaging with both citizenship and diaspora studies, this introduction shows the significance of analysing these questions through the lens of “transnational lived citizenship.” This concept enables a look at the intersections between formal aspects of citizenship as well as the emotional and practical aspects related to feelings of belonging, transnational attitudes, and circulation of material cultures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7089
Author(s):  
Tianke Zhu ◽  
Xigang Zhu ◽  
Jian Jin

Housing commodification seems to suggest that a process of a state is embracing private governance. However, private governance in Chinese neighborhoods is a two-way trajectory. This paper examined two types of housing neighborhoods, namely, a work-unit housing neighborhood and gated commodity housing to understand the changes in neighborhood governance. It is interesting to observe that during the Covid-19 epidemic period, the state government enhanced its presence and public trust in neighborhood governance by changing the former ways of self-governance. As a strategy for the state to return to local governance, the grid governance is the reconfiguration of administrative resources at a neighborhood level and professionalizes neighborhood organizations to ensure the capacities of the state to solve social crises and neighborhood governance. The potential side effects of changing neighborhood governance are that while the implementation of grid governance has improved internal connections among residents, the empowered neighborhood governments acting as the “state agent on the ground” leads to an estrangement between residents and private governance. The underdevelopment of neighborhood autonomy is not only due to the restriction of state government, but more importantly, the reciprocal relationship of state-led neighborhood governance in the context of housing privatization development in China.


2021 ◽  
pp. 194277862110548
Author(s):  
Fernando González

Since its origins, geography has prioritized the study of nature. However, more recently the discipline has made advancements in studying power as a fundamental element in the social production of space and territory. What can Marxism offer to such investigations? In this brief article, I highlight some of the contributions of Marxist thought that I have found useful for geographic analysis and that stand out from the discipline’s other forms of analysis. Firstly, I recover elements from the thinker Antonio Gramsci that I consider important for debates regarding the social production of space and territory as an expression of power relations. Secondly, I retrace some aspects of Marx's concept of nature to examine certain notions that prevail in today's environmental debates. In this way, I look to denaturalize the hegemonic thought with which institutions and dominant classes exercise power in this area.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Marian Zdyb

<p>In view of growing threats in this respect, the protection of natural resources is undoubtedly becoming a serious challenge, both for the state and for each citizen. Therefore, this article is supposed to draw attention to the problem of searching for optimal instruments for the protection of these resources. This is about creating and developing appropriate standards in legal regulations regarding environmental protection, protection of nature, water, air, national and landscape parks, nature monuments, etc. as well as protection of natural resources in cities and human settlements. Undoubtedly, spatial planning is of paramount significance in this matter, in particular local spatial development plans and the appropriate instruments of action resulting from them. Their significance should be considered particularly important because they are generally applicable law as acts of local law.</p>


Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Dadalto ◽  
Luis Fernando Beneduzi

This paper aims to analyse the multiethnic constitution of Espírito Santo starting from the report book Encontro das Raças, published in 1997 by the journalist Rogério Medeiros. The book presents interviews with narratives of European immigrants and descendants – Pomeranians, Dutch, Italians, Polish, German, Tyrolean, and Swiss. During its historical, socio-cultural and demographic constitution, Espírito Santo also counted with the participation of Syrian and Lebanese immigrants – in the 19th and early 20th centuries – and Asians, as well as national migrants. Medeiros also discusses and presents narratives of the descendants of Africans, Indians and Portuguese who constitute the first matrix of miscegenation of the capixaba people. The purpose of the present study is to reflect on this relationship that Medeiros calls the “Meeting of the Races” from a perspective of the sense of belonging and power relations established between these various ethnic groups settled in the state from 1847, when the government of the province sought alternatives to transform Espírito Santo economically and initiated, through political actions, the process of installing European immigrants in its lands.


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