The role of various types of capital in transnational labor migration from the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-466
Author(s):  
Simone Christ
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Philippine Government ◽  
Transnational Space

The Philippine government has been engaged in state-supported international labor migration for more than 40 years. Migrants and non-migrants alike are embedded in multifocal transnational lives as family members and friends are spread over different localities and nation-states. This study looks at the role of economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital as defined by Bourdieu (1986) in Filipino migration. The article analyzes the transformability of the different forms of capital in relation to labor migration. Moreover, the study asks how the four forms of capital are transferred from the Philippines to the destination country and back to the Philippines. Based on ethnographic data collected in the United Arab Emirates and the Philippines, the study concludes that having economic, social and cultural capital largely decides whether one is able to migrate and what destinations are accessible. Cultural capital is not easily transferable across the transnational space due to discriminating labor markets. After return, migrants have gained symbolic capital through the migration experience.

Conceptualizing International Labor Migration: A Structuration Perspective

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Goss ◽  
Bruce Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Theory Of Structuration ◽  
International Labor Migration

This article applies the theory of structuration to international labor migration using case study material from the Philippines. It first provides a brief review of the functional and structural approaches to understanding labor migration and the theoretical impasse that has been created between them. It then reviews several attempts to resolve this impasse, including systems and networks approaches; these solutions are rejected on theoretical and empirical grounds. We suggest that migrant institutions may be a more appropriate mid-level concept than households or social networks to articulate various levels of analysis. We develop this concept in the context of the structuration theory of Anthony Giddens and attempt to apply this to the Philippines, concluding that this framework is eminently suited for further research on international labor migration.

Migration Networks: A Case Study in the Philippines

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

International labor migration has been a major feature of the Philippine political economy the past twenty years. Originally envisioned by the government as a temporary measure to ease domestic employment pressure and stimulate industrialization, migration has persisted in the face of declining wages and abusive recruitment practices. Dynamic movement patterns have emerged that include a variety of destinations and occupations, drawing both males and females from widely diverse backgrounds. Focusing upon the experiences of a small community, this study suggests that contract labor is best understood within the migration process, linking global economic formations and domestic policy to internal structures in sending communities. The community experience reveals that economic forces and government policy are necessary conditions to establish potential migration, but actual flows are initiated and shaped by a migration system consisting of interpersonal relationships. What becomes more visible at the community level are the distinct phases of overseas employment, or periods of time dominated by particular types of migration and varying potential to achieve economic gains from such. The emergence and evolution of networks are analyzed for their role in shaping patterns of labor migration.

scholarly journals Politics of the Nobility: The Study of Growing Capital Andi in the Mayor`s Election of Palopo 2013-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samsul Samsul ◽  
Zuli Qodir
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this research is to find out what causes the weakening of the capital of Andi's nobility in Palopo City in the selection of candidates for mayor and what is the role of Andi's nobility in political contestation. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the capital owned by Andi's aristocracy in Palopo City was. First, the social capital built by Andi's nobility had not been carried out in a structured way from relations with the general public, community leaders, with community organizations, to officials in the bureaucracy and most importantly, Political parties. Second, economic capital is an important thing that used in the Mayor Election contestation in the City of Palopo, Bangsawan Andi figure who escaped as a candidate for mayor does not yet have sufficient capital in terms of funds. Third, the cultural capital owned by Bangsawan Andi, who escaped as a candidate for mayor, still lacked a high bargaining value in political contestation in Palopo City. Fourth, the Symbolic Capital is a capital that sufficiently calculated in the mayor election dispute in Palopo City, namely the title of nobility obtained from the blood of the descendants of the Luwu kings, only it must be accompanied by other capital to elected in political contestation.

scholarly journals International Labor Migration and Remittances in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Renuka Kumari Karki
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Government

International migration and remittance are major areas of population and development. This study identifies the trend and destination of foreign labor migration in Nepal and highlights the flow of remittance status and its contribution to the gross domestic product in Nepal. This study is based on the secondary data collected from the various national and international organizations. Migration from Nepal has expanded tremendously since the mid-1990s, accompanied by a continuous broadening of the variety of destinations. Nepal has observed a rapid increase of absent population over census periods. International migration for work has changed significantly as is evident in the growing outflow of temporary migration of youths, both men and women, to work in newly emerging economies like Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Emigration has come to be recognized as an important factor both for changing ways of life of people and for the positive contribution to the nation’s economy. In terms of remittance inflows as percent of GDP, Nepal is the third largest remittance receiver in the world. Taking all these factors into consideration, the only problem with it is that; until now, the government only seems to have adopted policies to encourage youth to find employment opportunities and provide remittance in turn but not for them to invest in productive sector to create more jobs and to retain working age population within the country.

The Price of Rights

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ruhs
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Admission Policies

This chapter examines the implications of the analysis in this book for human rights debates and the rights-based approaches to migration advocated by many international organizations and nongovernmental organizations concerned with protecting and promoting the interests of migrant workers. It highlights the danger of a blind spot in human rights–based approaches to migration, which are often focused on protecting and promoting migrant rights without taking into account the consequences for nation-states' policies for admitting new migrant workers. The trade-off between openness and some specific migrant rights in high-income countries' labor immigration policies means that insisting on equality of rights for migrant workers can come at the price of more restrictive admission policies and, therefore, discourage the further liberalization of international labor migration.

Labour Migration from Asian to GCC Countries: Trends, Patterns and Policies

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasra M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Over Time

The six oil-rich Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are among the largest recipients of temporary labor migrants in the world today with non-nationals comprising about 47% of their population. The upward trend in labor migration to the region has been especially pronounced since the early 1980s. Asian workers from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and Sri Lanka constitute the major stock of migrants. The proportion of Asian relative to Arab workers has increased over time with the former group comprising about 60-70% of foreign workers in some countries. Data on annual outflows from sending Asian countries shows a consistent upward trend in labor migration during the 1990s and 2000s. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are currently the largest recipients of Asian workers. A majority of migrants are male. However, the number of female workers has registered a consistent increase over time as a result of the rising demand for female domestic workers. Among the male workers, half or more are employed in unskilled occupations in the Gulf. The migration policies of the sending and receiving countries are at odds with each other. Sending countries aim to increase the outflows, primarily to enhance remittance receipts and curtail unemployment at home. Receiving countries aim to restrict migrant inflows and reduce migrant stock through concerted efforts towards nationalizing the labor force. Reconciliation of the above policies remains a challenge for the future.

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