The Impact of International Labor Migration on Business Activities

Labor migration has gained momentum and has become an intensive and difficult process to manage. The problem of emigration is evidenced by the particularly high flows of people leaving to work and live abroad (Akerman, 2007). As migration processes intensify, there are risks of an economic, socio-cultural and political-managerial nature. Population migration takes place in all countries of the world, but the extent of population migration and the impact on the country's economy and business vary. The work summarizes the theories and concepts of international labor migration, explains the causes of international labor migration and the positive and negative consequences for business. Two countries were selected to assess international labor migration impact on businesses activities. Lithuania was the first choice because its economic and political and institutional and technological was growing from time to time. Egypt was the second choice because it was suffereing after the two revolutions and its indicators had negatively affected except technological sector .The business environment of selected countries were examined. The business environment of selected countries was also examined, and the impact of international labor migration on the activities of companies was determined (Böcker, 2019).

International labor migration and its impact on human development

The article investigates the current causes of international labor migration and its connection with human development. The purpose of the study is to summarize the causes of international labor migration, to substantiate the causes and consequences of migration in Ukraine, which have their own characteristics and their impact on human development. The essence of international labor migration and the evolution of views on its movement are determined. It was established that modern migration was called by a whole range of driving forces, a set of several reasons that depend on economic, social, demographic and political factors. It is justified that in Ukraine, which is a donor country, the causes and consequences of migration have their own characteristics and their impact on human development. New conditions for labor migration in the modern world should be considered in terms of the category of human development, which reflects the process of forming a socio-economic environment of human existence, which ensures the freedom of choice to have a decent standard of living, to be healthy, educated, to live in an environmentally friendly environment, safe, with a fair justice system. Economic factors have the greatest impact on Ukrainian migration, and first of all, this is a difference in wage levels, which is 2 times less in Ukraine compared to the EU countries. The refusal of mass return of external labor migrants to Ukraine may indicate a significant change in the motivational factors of external labor migration, when the ratio of level and quality of life in donor countries and recipient countries plays a decisive role. Remittances of migrants have a positive impact on the development of human potential. Additional cash flows to households experiencing the greatest need for them have a significant impact on financing the economic and human development of the country, which consists in overcoming poverty, forming an additional source of public investment, reducing risks during crises, financing infrastructure development.

LABOR MIGRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: THEORY AND PRACTICE UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS

The article analyzes methodological approaches to assessing the impact of factors of international labor migration on the socio-economic development of the country. The analysis of the state and dynamics of changes in indicators of international labor migration in the Republic of Belarus is carried out on the basis of the use of official statistical data of the competent authorities. Conclusions are made about the influence of the parameters of international labor migration on the national labor market of Belarus in modern conditions.

Governing Precarious Immigrant Workers in Rural Localities: Emerging Local Migration Regimes in Portugal

Over the last decades, the globalization of the food and agriculture sector has fueled international labor migration to rural areas in Southern Europe. Portugal is no exception to this trend, as the intensification of foreign investment in agriculture combined with a declining and ageing workforce created a demand for flexible immigrant labor. The Eastern European and Asian immigrant workers who answered the industry’s call were confronted with poor working conditions and lacking access to public services. In this article, we zoom in on the governance challenge that the presence of precarious immigrant workers (PIWs) poses to rural municipalities in the south of Portugal. The burgeoning literature on local integration policies mainly focuses on how cities deal with the challenge posed by international labor migration. This article draws on a detailed case study of the municipality of Odemira to argue that more attention needs to be paid to emerging local migration regimes in non-urban localities. By adopting a regime-theoretical approach, we study how power relations between the local government, civil society, and the private sector play out around the question of immigrant reception. Our study suggests that immigration policies in rural localities are increasingly being developed through cooperation and coproduction between public and private actors. First, we demonstrate how the presence of PIWs is perceived as a policy “problem” by each actor. Second, we outline how a governing coalition formed around the shared concern to improve arrival infrastructures, stimulate integration, mediate socio-cultural impact, and accommodate business interests. We conclude by critically questioning the impact that emerging local migration regimes have on the rights and social position of PIWs in rural contexts.

Labor migration is associated with lower rates of underweight and higher rates of obesity among left-behind wives in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Background Among Bangladeshi men, international labor migration has increased ten-fold since 1990 and rural to urban labor migration rates have steadily increased. Labor migration of husbands has increased household wealth and redefined women’s roles, which have both positively and negatively impacted the health of wives “left behind”. We examined the direct and indirect effects of husband labor migration on chronic disease indicators and outcomes among wives of labor migrants. Methods We collected survey, anthropometric, and biomarker data from a random sample of women in Matlab, Bangladesh, in 2018. We assessed associations between husband’s migration and indicators of adiposity and chronic disease. We used structural equation modeling to assess the direct effect of labor migration on chronic disease, undernutrition, and adiposity, and the mediating roles of income, food security, and proportion of food purchased from the bazaar. Qualitative interviews and participant observation were used to help provide context for the associations we found in our quantitative results. Findings Among study participants, 9.0% were underweight, 50.9% were iron deficient, 48.3% were anemic, 39.6% were obese, 27.3% had a waist circumference over 35 in., 33.1% had a high whole-body fat percentage, 32.8% were diabetic, and 32.9% had hypertension. Slightly more women in the sample (55.3%) had a husband who never migrated than had a husband who had ever migrated (44.9%). Of those whose husband had ever migrated, 25.8% had a husband who was a current international migrant. Wives of migrants were less likely to be underweight, and more likely to have indicators of excess adiposity, than wives of non-migrants. Protection against undernutrition was attributable primarily to increased food security among wives of migrants, while increased adiposity was attributable primarily to purchasing a higher proportion of food from the bazaar; however, there was a separate path through income, which qualitative findings suggest may be related to reduced physical activity. Conclusions Labor migration, and particularly international labor migration, intensifies the nutrition transition in Bangladesh through increasing wealth, changing how foods are purchased, and reducing physical activity, which both decreases risk for undernutrition and increases risk for excess adiposity.

Accesul lucrătorilor migranți cu statut iregular fără forme la dreptul la muncă

International labor migration flows include a significant number of migrant workers who for specific reasons infringe residence rules in destination countries. These persons are considered to be the most vulnerable category of migrants, being prone to serious violations of their fundamental rights. States of destination have practically universally adopted policies to restrict and control irregular migration. In this context, the objective of this article is to establish the possibility for irregular migrant workers to benefit from the rights and results of their work, and to establish the limits and prohibitions that arise in the event of irregularity. The article examines both the international instruments and practice as well as regional and national approaches used by states in this field.

Labor Migration Is Associated With Lower Rates of Underweight and Higher Rates of Obesity Among Left-behind Wives in Rural Bangladesh: a Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundAmong Bangladeshi men, international labor migration has increased ten-fold since 1990 and rural to urban labor migration rates have steadily increased. Labor migration of husbands has increased household wealth and redefined women’s roles, which have both positively and negatively impacted the health of wives “left behind”. We examined the direct and indirect effects of husband labor migration on chronic disease indicators and outcomes among wives of labor migrants.MethodsWe collected survey, anthropometric, and biomarker data from a random sample of women in Matlab, Bangladesh, in 2018. We assessed associations between husband’s migration and indicators of adiposity and chronic disease. We used structural equation modeling to assess the direct effect of labor migration on chronic disease, undernutrition, and adiposity, and the mediating roles of income, food security, and proportion of food purchased from the bazaar. Qualitative interviews and participant observation were used to help provide context for the associations we found in our quantitative results.FindingsAmong study participants, 9.0% were underweight, 50.9% were iron deficient, 48.3% were anemic, 39.6% were obese, 27.3% had a waist circumference over 35 inches, 33.1% had a high whole-body fat percentage, 32.8% were diabetic, and 32.9% had hypertension. Slightly more women in the sample (55.3%) had a husband who never migrated than had a husband who had ever migrated (44.9%). Of those whose husband had ever migrated, 25.8% had a husband who was a current international migrant. Wives of migrants were less likely to be underweight, and more likely to have indicators of excess adiposity, than wives of non-migrants. Protection against undernutrition was attributable primarily to increased food security among wives of migrants, while increased adiposity was attributable primarily to purchasing a higher proportion of food from the bazaar; however, there was a separate path through income, which qualitative findings suggest may be related to reduced physical activity.ConclusionsLabor migration, and particularly international labor migration, intensifies the nutrition transition in Bangladesh through increasing wealth, changing how foods are purchased, and reducing physical activity, which both decreases risk for undernutrition and increases risk for excess adiposity.

Migration Challenges of the Current Stage of Globalization

Research background: International labor migration is much less globalized than the other components of this process, mainly due to the various restrictions it continually encounters. Usually, the globalization of international migration results in complex migration systems. The migration challenges of the current stage of globalization include, among other things, changes in the categories of present migrants. The profile of migrants is becoming more and more diversified. It comprises women, minors, skilled people, entrepreneurs, and a low-skilled workforce or one who accepts a strong degree of disqualification. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to identify processes of labor migration in the conditions of globalization, to analyze changes in the characteristics of migrants, as well as the paradox of complementarity between migration and globalization. Methods: The authors used the methods of theoretical and empirical analysis. In addition to standard methods of theoretical analysis, they also used content analysis of text documents, mostly of an official nature. These were mainly national and European papers dealing with the issue of international labor migration in the context of globalization. Empirical research is based on the analysis of official data obtained from databases of international institutions (Eurostat, OECD, IOM, etc.). Findings & Value added: As a result of the analysis, the authors concluded about adequate European immigration policy and greater labor mobility would contribute to addressing labor market imbalances. At the end of the article, the authors also formulated specific measures to support mobility within the EU.