Properties of adult and adolescent mothers' speech, children's verbal performance and cognitive development in different socioeconomic groups: a longitudinal study

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Lacroix ◽  
Andrée Pomerleau ◽  
Gérard Malcuit
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Middle Socioeconomic Status ◽  
And Function

The research analysed longitudinally the properties of maternal utterances and their relation with child's language and cognitive development. The sample consisted of 125 mother-child dyads divided in three groups: 32 adolescent mothers, 54 adult mothers of low socioeconomic status (LSES), and 39 adult mothers of middle socioeconomic status (MSES). The form and function of each mother's utterances to her child at 18, 30 and 36 months of age were evaluated during a free-play session in the laboratory. Results showed differences between the three groups in the properties of maternal utterances. Adolescent and adult LSES mothers used more utterances that controlled or directed what the child was doing, and fewer utterances that informed or questioned the child. During their second and third year of life, children from the MSES group obtained higher scores than children of adolescent and adult LSES mothers on measures of language and cognitive development. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the forms and functions of maternal utterances were important predictors of child development. Most importantly, the forms and functions of maternal utterances from 18 to 36 months explained 45% of the variance in the children's score on the Stanford-Binet.

Social Class and Test Performance: Comparative Validity of the Peabody with the WISC and WISC-R for Two Socioeconomic Groups

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Appelbaum ◽  
June M. Tuma
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
And Performance

Comparability of IQs yielded by the Peabody and the revised Wechsler scale, the WISC-R, is important to interpret IQ estimates obtained from these two scales. In the present study, 40 normal 10-yr.-old children (20 male and 20 female, half of whom were from high and half from low socioeconomic status) were compared for performance on the Peabody, the WISC and the WISC-R. IQs obtained on Forms A and B of the Peabody correlate highly and, thus, the two Peabody forms are essentially parallel and equivalent forms. Concurrent validity coefficients ranging from .71 to .83 were obtained between the Peabody IQs and Verbal and Full Scale IQs of the WISC and the WISC-R. Much lower validity coefficients were obtained between the Peabody and Performance IQs of the WISC and the WISC-R. Large differences in IQ between children from low socioeconomic backgrounds and those from high socioeconomic backgrounds were obtained on all four tests. The Peabody IQs were closer in magnitude to the WISC-R IQs than to the WISC in the low socioeconomic group. The results support administering the Peabody to children for obtaining valid IQ estimates. Interpretations of Peabody scores in relation to the WISC-R should be somewhat different from those of the Peabody and the WISC, however, in view of the effects of socioeconomic status (and therefore ability level) on estimates of IQ.

Syntax in Children's Written Composition, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Development

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Owens
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Written Composition ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Marked Deficit ◽  
Written Compositions ◽  
Home Background

This paper reports an investigation into aspects of syntax in the written compositions of school children. A total of 240 pupils was assigned to cells of equal numbers in a three-way analysis of variance design utilizing grade (4), sex (2), and socioeconomic status (2), with I.Q. as a covariate. Each pupil wrote three compositions, answered a questionnaire about home background, and completed a short Test of Cognitive Development. Contrary to hypotheses, pupils from low socioeconomic status homes showed no marked deficit on variables of complexity, length, and variety in written syntax when compared with pupils from high socioeconomic status homes. Further, stage of cognitive development, operationalized as concrete or formal thinking, did not interact with socioeconomic background in affecting maturity of written syntax. Implications for Bernstein's theories of language codes are discussed.

scholarly journals Bilinguality and Socioeconomic Status (SES): Approaching Non-Singular Factor to a Child’s Cognitive Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Risa Rumentha Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Bilingual Child ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Library Research

Article attempted to argue that bilingualism have positive contributions toward a child’s cognitive development. By applying library research the discussion is focused on the contribution bilingualism had in mitigating socioeconomic detrimental effects on a child’s learning. Article started with discussing aspects of cognition, especially those shown through speech productions, of a bilingual child, then moving forward to discuss previous findings and arguments from the research pertaining to the issue of low socioeconomic status (henceforth SES) and cognition. Finally, the discussion concluded that bilingualism should be discussed as a complex system of learning and not as separate strands of a child’s learning.

scholarly journals Acquisition of initial mental graphemic representations by children at risk for literacy development

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENN APEL ◽  
SHURITA THOMAS-TATE ◽  
ELIZABETH B. WILSON-FOWLER ◽  
DANIELLE BRIMO
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Literacy Development ◽  
Orthographic Knowledge ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Middle Socioeconomic Status

ABSTRACTWe examined the acquisition of initial mental graphemic representations (MGRs) by 46 kindergarten children (mean age = 5 years, 9 months) at risk for literacy development because of low socioeconomic status. Using a storybook context, we exposed children to novel nonwords that varied in their phonotactic and orthotactic probabilities and then assessed the children's development of initial MGRs through spelling and reading recognition tasks. The children developed some initial MGRs but less than past reports of children from middle socioeconomic status backgrounds. Children with more advanced word recognition abilities developed more initial MGRs than their peers with less advanced word recognition skills. Like previous reports, the words' linguistic properties affected initial MGR acquisition and MGR acquisition ability predicted reading and spelling achievement above other known predictors. The results speak to the importance of increasing the print and orthographic knowledge of children at-risk for adequate literacy development.

How Socioeconomic Status Influences Fathers’ Involvement with their Children and the Cycle it Produces

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Emily Fofonoff
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Middle Socioeconomic Status

The intent of this paper is to examine the current evidence that fathers of lower socioeconomic status are less involved with their children in areas such as childrearing, homework help, and supporting the family emotionally and financially. Other areas covered in this paper include the possible reasons and theories as to why low socioeconomic status tends to lead to low father involvement. The effects of low father involvement on the children is also discussed, and this concept is furthered in order to explain the cycle of socioeconomic status that these effects create. Possible solutions are derived using the current theories, the intent of which are to help solve this problematic cycle. This paper also includes extensions beyond the scope of low and middle socioeconomic status fathers to include high socioeconomic status fathers.

scholarly journals Maternal outcome in term premature rupture of membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Amulya MN. ◽  
Ashwini MS.
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Middle Socioeconomic Status ◽  
One Year

Background: Rupture of Fetal membranes before the onset of labour is called PROM. Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is associated with various complications. The present study is undertaken to study the maternal morbidity in term PROM.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Vijaynagar institute of medical science Ballari for a period of one year by Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from November 2016 to October 2017.  120 cases of spontaneous rupture of membranes with term gestation with confirmed PROM were selected.Results: PROM was common in age group of 20-29 years (80%), and common in primigravida. Study showed majority of them belongs to low socioeconomic status (80%) , 13.33% belonged  to middle socioeconomic status and 6.66% belonged to higher socioeconomic status. In present study, it is observed that 27.05% cases  went  into  spontaneous labour and delivered normally, 56.50% cases delivered by induction and  20% cases  were delivered by LSCS. The rate of maternal morbidity was 16.6%,  which includes febrile morbidity accounting to maximum with 9.6% followed by wound infection 3.33% and others were PPH(1.66%)and puerperal sepsis (each 1.66%).Conclusions: The rate of maternal morbidity was 16.6% and no maternal death observed. Hence an appropriate and accurate diagnosis of PROM is essential for favorable outcome in pregnancy and reduces the maternal morbidity.

scholarly journals Neighborhood socioeconomic status at the age of 40 years and ischemic stroke before the age of 50 years: A nationwide cohort study from Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 815-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel C Carlsson ◽  
Xinjun Li ◽  
Martin J Holzmann ◽  
Johan Ärnlöv ◽  
Per Wändell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Middle Socioeconomic Status

Objective We aimed to study the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status at the age of 40 years and risk of ischemic stroke before the age of 50 years. Methods All individuals in Sweden were included if their 40th birthday occurred between 1998 and 2010. National registers were used to categorize neighborhood socioeconomic status into high, middle, and low and to retrieve information on incident ischemic strokes. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results A total of 1,153,451 adults (women 48.9%) were followed for a mean of 5.5 years (SD 3.5 years), during which 1777 (0.30%) strokes among men and 1374 (0.24%) strokes among women were recorded. After adjustment for sex, marital status, education level, immigrant status, region of residence, and neighborhood services, there was a lower risk of stroke in residents from high-socioeconomic status neighborhoods (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.78–0.96), and an increased risk of stroke in adults from low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods (hazard ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.27), compared to their counterparts living in middle-socioeconomic status neighborhoods. After further adjustment for hospital diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation prior to the age of 40, the higher risk in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status was attenuated, but remained significant (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.23). Conclusions In a nationwide study of individuals between 40 and 50 years, we found that the risk of ischemic stroke differed depending on neighborhood socioeconomic status, which calls for increased efforts to prevent cardiovascular diseases in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods.

Tomorrow never knows: Paradoxical effects of a future prime on performance among low socioeconomic status college students

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dayle Herrmann ◽  
Jessica Bodford ◽  
Robert Adelman ◽  
Oliver Graudejus ◽  
Morris Okun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Paradoxical Effects
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