Energy efficiency evaluation for the water supply systems in tall buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Wong ◽  
KW Mui ◽  
Y Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Energy Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
System Designs

High-rise housing, a trend in densely populated cities around the world, increases energy use for water supply and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions. With emphasis on improving the energy efficiency in the water supply systems, this paper proposes an energy efficiency evaluation measure for the water supply system designs and demonstrates its potential applications in a typical high-rise water supply system. In the proposed measure, the energy efficiency in a water supply system is defined as the potential energy required at the demand locations divided by the pumping energy of the supply system. The outcome of this paper provides useful benchmark references not only for the water supply system designs but also for the water demand management programmes in buildings. Practical application: An energy efficiency evaluation measure for the water supply system designs is used to establish benchmark references for not only the water supply system designs but also for the water demand management programmes in buildings.

scholarly journals HYDRAULIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENSURING OF EFFICIENCY OF WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Sayriddin Sh. SAYRIDDINOV
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Hydraulic Regime ◽  
Supply Systems

In this article, hydraulic and technological ways of increasing the effi ciency of the water supply system for high-rise buildings are considered in order to improve the effi ciency of water supply and distribution in a given projected facility. The operational, technological and feasibility analysis of the applicability of modern pumps to improve the effi ciency of water supply systems in high-rise buildings has been completed. Cascade water supply technologies are justifi ed with the aim of regulating the hydraulic regime in the water supply system of high-rise buildings. The operational features of water supply systems of high - rise buildings, the factors infl uencing water and resource saving, the effi ciency of pump installations and the peculiarities of their regulation are substantiated.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Hydropower Potential for Electrical Energy Harvesting in Water Distribution Network in Buea-Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Ajamah* ◽  
Pierre Tsafack ◽  
Emmanuel Tanyi ◽  
Andre Cheukem ◽  
Benjamin Ducharne
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Hydropower Potential

Significant amount of energy is consumed in water supply systems resulting in reduced sustainability of these systems. Measures to reduce their energy demand are strongly needed. In this study, an estimation of the intrinsic hydro energy potential of the water supply system of a Cameroon municipality was made in order to propose an energy-potential map useful to identify the most interesting sites where excess energy in the network can be harvested to improve the energy efficiency of the network. A geodatabase to store network data was developed using Geographic Information Systems. The shapefiles resource data were explored and the hydraulic simulator EPANET software was used to create a model. Calculations were performed to determine the energy recovery values at different locations in the network. The resulting digital map presented 18 candidate sites which show a total annual energy potential of 635 MWh, realizable at capacity factor and efficiency of 41 % and 65 % respectively. This potential can offset the energy footprint of the network by about 34 % while 127 tons of carbon-dioxide emission reductions are achieved. The results of this investigation highlight that development of renewable energy resource on water supply network infrastructure is an innovative technology that can contribute significantly to improve the energy efficiency, economic and environmental sustainability of the water supply system.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES IN ELETRIC MOTORS FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Bruno Damasceno Fernandes ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Cavazzana ◽  
Fernando J. Correa Magalhães Filho ◽  
Fernando Jorge Correa Magalhães Filho
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Soft Starter ◽  
Supply Systems

<p>The increase of water and electric consumption has caused concerns in relation to scarcity and water stress, while stimulating the development of energy efficiency techniques in water supply systems. However, these techniques can be considered costly and complex, since they use computational equipment and tools that make it difficult to implement into operational practice. In this regard, especially in developing countries, there is a need for progress in energy efficiency measures with low economic dependence on both equipment and tools, guaranteeing necessary environmental and social benefits. This study evaluated energy efficiency measures in a water supply system through the use of (i) a frequency inverter and (ii) replacing the electric motor with a more efficient motor. The first measure did not show economic attractiveness, revealing that frequency inverters do not always have applicability in reducing energy costs. However, the necessity of a soft starter should be noted, as well as suggested studies that have changes in the operating system that can make this measure attractive. The second measure demonstrated economic potential and reinforced the importance of commercial availability and technical regulation of high-efficiency motors, since the payback period was 4 years, with application potential throughout the water supply system.</p>

scholarly journals OST WATER VOLUME IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM, IN NORTH AND CENTRAL WEST REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 497-503
Author(s):  
A. B. dos SANTOS ◽  
É. C. DIAS ◽  
G. P. C. da SILVA ◽  
R. P. RIBEIRO ◽  
A. M. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region

Due to the events of the last years, when, mainly the Southeast region of Brazil has experienced one of the worst periods of water shortage, there has been a process of national awareness for the need of care with the quality and quantity of water. Therefore, currently in the national and world scenario is seeking to minimize the waste of water, acting mainly in the water supply systems, which have the highest loss rates of this liquid. In this way, the objective is to determine the volume of water (1000m³/year) wasted in SAA (Water Supply System), based on the amount of water produced and consumed in the North and Central-West region of Brazil and, from this, compare the losses in those regions, for the year 2015. Based on the analysis of the datas, it was verified that the water supply in the North and Central-West regions presented high losses rates, 43% and 37%, respectively. Actions such as maintenance of sanitary fittings and elimination of leaks in the residence, more efficient operation and maintenance of the system and improvement in the commercial management of service providers, are measures to combat and reduce water losses.

scholarly journals Sustainability characteristics of drinking water supply

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolijn van Engelenburg ◽  
Erik van Slobbe ◽  
Adriaan J. Teuling ◽  
Remko Uijlenhoet ◽  
Petra Hellegers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

Abstract. Developments such as climate change and growing demand for drinking water threaten the sustainability of drinking water supply worldwide. To deal with this threat, adaptation of drinking water supply systems is imperative, not only on a global and national scale, but particularly on a local scale. This investigation sought to establish characteristics that describe the sustainability of local drinking water supply. We use an integrated systems approach, describing the local drinking water supply system in terms of hydrological, technical and socio-economic characteristics that determine the sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. Three cases on drinking water supply in the Netherlands are analysed. One case relates to a short-term development, that is the 2018 summer drought, and two concern long-term phenomena, that is, changes in water quality and growth in drinking water demand. The approach taken recognises that next to extreme weather events, socio-economic developments will be among the main drivers of changes in drinking water supply. Effects of pressures associated with, for example, population growth, industrial developments and land use changes, could result in limited water resource availability, deteriorated groundwater quality and growing water demand. To gain a perspective on the case study findings broader than the Dutch context, the sustainability issues identified were paired with global issues concerning sustainable drinking water supply. This resulted in a proposed set of generally applicable sustainability characteristics, each divided into five criteria describing the hydrological, technical and socio-economic sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. Elaboration of these sustainability characteristics and criteria into a sustainability assessment can provide information on the challenges and trade-offs inherent in the sustainable development and management of a local drinking water supply system.

scholarly journals Modeling Study of Design Flow Rates for Cascade Water Supply Systems in Residential Skyscrapers

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2580
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Eric Lee ◽  
Ling-Tim Wong ◽  
Kwok-Wai Mui
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Design Flow Rate

Skyscrapers are common nowadays around the world, especially in cities with limited development area. In order to pump water up to the higher level of a skyscraper, a cascade water supply system has to be installed. Currently, cascade water supply systems are mainly designed based on practical experiences or requirements of existing standards/guidelines that, in fact, are not specifically for skyscrapers. However, thorough studies on cascade water supply system designs are still limited in the literature. This study proposes mathematical models and uses Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the design flow rate of a typical cascade water supply system that feeds various appliances in a residential skyscraper in Hong Kong. Graphs that showed the correlations between the inflow rate in the supply pipe and water volume in the tank are obtained. While tank storage volume is confirmed, the design flow rate of the cascade water supply system can be determined from these graphs. The proposed mathematical models can also be applied to evaluate the design flow rate of cascade water supply systems in other types of skyscrapers (e.g., office, commercial building) as well as with the changes in water demand patterns in the models.

Barcelona's water supply, 1867–1967: the transition to a modern system

Urban History ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANEL GUARDIA ◽  
MARIBEL ROSSELLÓ ◽  
SERGI GARRIGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Expansion Plan ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Supply Systems

ABSTRACTThe development of modern water supply systems has varied widely in terms of speed, paths and results, and each supply system has been strongly conditioned by its spatial, socio-economic and cultural context. Barcelona provides a useful illustration of how such a modern system came into being in a particularly dynamic southern European setting. Despite being Spain's leading industrial centre, the driving force behind the introduction of its new water supply system did not come from an industrial imperative but rather from the city's expansion plan, approved in 1859, which gave rise to a proliferation of private initiatives. Later, decisive changes around the turn of the twentieth century led to a concentration of water companies, sewer renewal projects and the entry of water into the domestic sphere, and the extension of the water supply to people's homes. The development of a modern water supply system in Barcelona, however, required a period of a hundred years – from 1867, when the first steam-powered pumping station was built, to 1967, when the water from the Ter River transfer reached the city, allowing new consumption patterns to spread rapidly.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of a water supply system under climate variability: a stochastic approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice B. Yung ◽  
Bryan A. Tolson ◽  
Donald H. Burn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System

A model is developed to assess risk to a municipal water supply system under the influence of population growth and climate variability. To incorporate the uncertainty in water use, a model that combines time series Monte Carlo simulations and a deterministic artificial neural network (ANN) is developed to simulate the daily water demand under climate variation. The model is first applied to assess how climate change alters the risk of a current water supply system and is then used to estimate the effects of demand management programs and system expansion. The model quantifies water supply system risk in terms of reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability (RRV). The model evaluates 11 scenarios defined by combining various population growth forecasts, demand management programs, system expansions, and global climate model (GCM) scenarios. The simulation results suggest that a rise in temperature and a change in precipitation magnitude will negatively impact the performance of the case study system.

Protection and performance of the ancestral water supply system ‘Khettara’ as a sustainable alternative for arid regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Benqlilou ◽  
S. Bensaid
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Located in a semi-arid region in the south and east of the country, the Moroccan oases are characterized by severe aridity and scarcity of water resources. However, the ancestral populations have shown a major form of adaptation to aridity constraints through the development of knowledge and heuristic expertise on a traditional water supply system called ‘Khettara’. Currently, the effects of climate change on the one hand and the deep social, cultural and economic transformations on the other, have caused the productivity of traditional agriculture to no longer match population needs with progressive vanishing of Khettara as its consequence. A diagnostic study of the situation of oases conducted in the south of Morocco makes it possible to address the socio-economic, environmental and cultural aspects by developing and using a specific methodology to assess fragile ecosystems (DPSIR: Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response). The main aim of the present work is to provide a methodology allowing the formulation of the required knowledge for the mobilization of traditional water resources techniques such as Khettaras, in order to maintain the national heritage of oases. The modeling formalism of UML (Unified Modeling Language) is borrowed from information technology for the purpose of standardization. The developed methodology enhances these traditional water supply systems by combining traditional and modern techniques to increase their performance in terms of reduced maintenance costs and increased productivity. The developed methodology has been applied to a real case characterized by extreme aridity.

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