scholarly journals OST WATER VOLUME IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM, IN NORTH AND CENTRAL WEST REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 497-503
Author(s):  
A. B. dos SANTOS ◽  
É. C. DIAS ◽  
G. P. C. da SILVA ◽  
R. P. RIBEIRO ◽  
A. M. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region

Due to the events of the last years, when, mainly the Southeast region of Brazil has experienced one of the worst periods of water shortage, there has been a process of national awareness for the need of care with the quality and quantity of water. Therefore, currently in the national and world scenario is seeking to minimize the waste of water, acting mainly in the water supply systems, which have the highest loss rates of this liquid. In this way, the objective is to determine the volume of water (1000m³/year) wasted in SAA (Water Supply System), based on the amount of water produced and consumed in the North and Central-West region of Brazil and, from this, compare the losses in those regions, for the year 2015. Based on the analysis of the datas, it was verified that the water supply in the North and Central-West regions presented high losses rates, 43% and 37%, respectively. Actions such as maintenance of sanitary fittings and elimination of leaks in the residence, more efficient operation and maintenance of the system and improvement in the commercial management of service providers, are measures to combat and reduce water losses.

scholarly journals Modeling Study of Design Flow Rates for Cascade Water Supply Systems in Residential Skyscrapers

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2580
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Eric Lee ◽  
Ling-Tim Wong ◽  
Kwok-Wai Mui
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Design Flow Rate

Skyscrapers are common nowadays around the world, especially in cities with limited development area. In order to pump water up to the higher level of a skyscraper, a cascade water supply system has to be installed. Currently, cascade water supply systems are mainly designed based on practical experiences or requirements of existing standards/guidelines that, in fact, are not specifically for skyscrapers. However, thorough studies on cascade water supply system designs are still limited in the literature. This study proposes mathematical models and uses Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the design flow rate of a typical cascade water supply system that feeds various appliances in a residential skyscraper in Hong Kong. Graphs that showed the correlations between the inflow rate in the supply pipe and water volume in the tank are obtained. While tank storage volume is confirmed, the design flow rate of the cascade water supply system can be determined from these graphs. The proposed mathematical models can also be applied to evaluate the design flow rate of cascade water supply systems in other types of skyscrapers (e.g., office, commercial building) as well as with the changes in water demand patterns in the models.

scholarly journals Investigation of Water Loss from Pipes Located in Various Relief Features of Iaşi County

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Ștefania Chirica ◽  
Mihail Luca ◽  
Iustina Lateș
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Water losses are present in all water supply system pipes. Their parameters and value vary depending on the constructional and functional features of the pipes (diameter, material, pressure, embedding environment, location, position etc.). The phenomenon is present in all water supply systems networks in Romania as well as globally. The water supply pipes within the regional water supply system are located in areas with diversified relief, from plateaus and hills to plains. The studies and researches were carried out in the geographical placement area of the Timişeşti-Iaşi pipeline. The geographic area studied is enclosed in Siret and Prut hydrographic basins. The paper aims to establish a correlation between the detection methods of water leaks from pipes and the areal relief features in Iaşi County. At the same time, it is highlighted the impact of the variation of the geographical relief characteristics on the water loss management on different type of pipes.

scholarly journals Seasonality analysis of water losses in a selected collective water supply system

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00094
Author(s):  
Jakub Żywiec ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Seasonality Index ◽  
Water Supply Company ◽  
Research Period

The aim of the study is to analyse the seasonality of water losses from a collective water-supply system (CWSS) on the example of a provincial city located in south eastern Poland. The analysis was based on exploitation data obtained from the water-supply company for the period 2012–2016. For the analysis of seasonality a method based on average homogeneous sub-periods was used, with a relative seasonality index and the absolute levels of seasonal fluctuations being determined. Water losses from the analysed CWSS are also characterised using unit water-volume indicators within the water supply network. Over the research period, the volume of water produced and sold was found to decline, even as the number of inhabitants using the network increased. On the other hand, there is a growing demand for water used for own purposes by company, as related directly to their development. Water losses and values determined for the water-loss volume indicator both show a downward trend for the analysed CWSS. It is further observed that, in January, March and May, the loss of water is above average, while the volume of water lost in the other months is below average.

scholarly journals The Customer Satisfaction of the Drinking Water in the Coastal of Semarang and the Risk Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Budiyono Budiyono ◽  
Citrandy Pamungkas ◽  
Yusniar Hanani Darundiati
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Supply

The water supply system is vital for inhabitants living in the coastal area. The water supply system in the coastal of Semarang 60% served by private. There is no information related to the private service of deep groundwater supply and customer satisfaction. This was an observational research with a cross-sectional. The samples were 40 of the service providers of deep groundwater and 40 customers obtained by accidental sampling. Data were collected by observation and interviewed by using questionnaires. Statistical analysis used the Chi-Square test with an estimated error of 5%. The results showed that the overall aspects of the service of deep groundwater supply in the good category were 22.5%. The overall perception of customer satisfaction showed in the satisfied category was 55 %. There was a significant association between the less good service of deep groundwater supply and the less satisfaction of the customer under the aspect of quality (p=0.006), quantity (p=0.001), continuity (p<0.001), and the overall of the service aspects (p=0.027). There was no significant association between affordability and the poor perception of customer satisfaction (p=0.736). The research concluded the less good service of deep groundwater supply and less satisfied with the customer in the coastal of Semarang. The quality, quantity, and continuity of drinking water may risk in health customers.

scholarly journals Sustainability characteristics of drinking water supply

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolijn van Engelenburg ◽  
Erik van Slobbe ◽  
Adriaan J. Teuling ◽  
Remko Uijlenhoet ◽  
Petra Hellegers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

Abstract. Developments such as climate change and growing demand for drinking water threaten the sustainability of drinking water supply worldwide. To deal with this threat, adaptation of drinking water supply systems is imperative, not only on a global and national scale, but particularly on a local scale. This investigation sought to establish characteristics that describe the sustainability of local drinking water supply. We use an integrated systems approach, describing the local drinking water supply system in terms of hydrological, technical and socio-economic characteristics that determine the sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. Three cases on drinking water supply in the Netherlands are analysed. One case relates to a short-term development, that is the 2018 summer drought, and two concern long-term phenomena, that is, changes in water quality and growth in drinking water demand. The approach taken recognises that next to extreme weather events, socio-economic developments will be among the main drivers of changes in drinking water supply. Effects of pressures associated with, for example, population growth, industrial developments and land use changes, could result in limited water resource availability, deteriorated groundwater quality and growing water demand. To gain a perspective on the case study findings broader than the Dutch context, the sustainability issues identified were paired with global issues concerning sustainable drinking water supply. This resulted in a proposed set of generally applicable sustainability characteristics, each divided into five criteria describing the hydrological, technical and socio-economic sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. Elaboration of these sustainability characteristics and criteria into a sustainability assessment can provide information on the challenges and trade-offs inherent in the sustainable development and management of a local drinking water supply system.

scholarly journals Analysis of the water meter management of the urban-rural water supply system

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Gwozdziej-Mazur ◽  
Kamil Świętochowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Water Supply Company ◽  
Water Meter

Water losses in the water supply network pose a continuous challenge for water companies. Already during designing new networks, the designer assumes that the amount of water demand must be increased by a certain percentage (usually by 10% of the total average daily water demand for municipal and industrial purposes) due to the possible occurrence of water losses. Water loss is meant the difference between the amount of water injected into the network and the amount of water used and invoiced, i.e. that brings income for the water supply company. Proper water metering management helps to limit water losses. This paper presents analysis of the water meter management of urban-rural water supply system.

Barcelona's water supply, 1867–1967: the transition to a modern system

Urban History ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANEL GUARDIA ◽  
MARIBEL ROSSELLÓ ◽  
SERGI GARRIGA
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Expansion Plan ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Supply Systems

ABSTRACTThe development of modern water supply systems has varied widely in terms of speed, paths and results, and each supply system has been strongly conditioned by its spatial, socio-economic and cultural context. Barcelona provides a useful illustration of how such a modern system came into being in a particularly dynamic southern European setting. Despite being Spain's leading industrial centre, the driving force behind the introduction of its new water supply system did not come from an industrial imperative but rather from the city's expansion plan, approved in 1859, which gave rise to a proliferation of private initiatives. Later, decisive changes around the turn of the twentieth century led to a concentration of water companies, sewer renewal projects and the entry of water into the domestic sphere, and the extension of the water supply to people's homes. The development of a modern water supply system in Barcelona, however, required a period of a hundred years – from 1867, when the first steam-powered pumping station was built, to 1967, when the water from the Ter River transfer reached the city, allowing new consumption patterns to spread rapidly.

Energy efficiency evaluation for the water supply systems in tall buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Wong ◽  
KW Mui ◽  
Y Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Energy Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
System Designs

High-rise housing, a trend in densely populated cities around the world, increases energy use for water supply and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions. With emphasis on improving the energy efficiency in the water supply systems, this paper proposes an energy efficiency evaluation measure for the water supply system designs and demonstrates its potential applications in a typical high-rise water supply system. In the proposed measure, the energy efficiency in a water supply system is defined as the potential energy required at the demand locations divided by the pumping energy of the supply system. The outcome of this paper provides useful benchmark references not only for the water supply system designs but also for the water demand management programmes in buildings. Practical application: An energy efficiency evaluation measure for the water supply system designs is used to establish benchmark references for not only the water supply system designs but also for the water demand management programmes in buildings.

Protection and performance of the ancestral water supply system ‘Khettara’ as a sustainable alternative for arid regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Benqlilou ◽  
S. Bensaid
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Located in a semi-arid region in the south and east of the country, the Moroccan oases are characterized by severe aridity and scarcity of water resources. However, the ancestral populations have shown a major form of adaptation to aridity constraints through the development of knowledge and heuristic expertise on a traditional water supply system called ‘Khettara’. Currently, the effects of climate change on the one hand and the deep social, cultural and economic transformations on the other, have caused the productivity of traditional agriculture to no longer match population needs with progressive vanishing of Khettara as its consequence. A diagnostic study of the situation of oases conducted in the south of Morocco makes it possible to address the socio-economic, environmental and cultural aspects by developing and using a specific methodology to assess fragile ecosystems (DPSIR: Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response). The main aim of the present work is to provide a methodology allowing the formulation of the required knowledge for the mobilization of traditional water resources techniques such as Khettaras, in order to maintain the national heritage of oases. The modeling formalism of UML (Unified Modeling Language) is borrowed from information technology for the purpose of standardization. The developed methodology enhances these traditional water supply systems by combining traditional and modern techniques to increase their performance in terms of reduced maintenance costs and increased productivity. The developed methodology has been applied to a real case characterized by extreme aridity.

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