scholarly journals How important is security in the choice of employment? Evidence from European countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Salladarré ◽  
Boubaker Hlaimi ◽  
François-Charles Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Is Security ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Employment Characteristics

Is job security important for workers when choosing a job? Using comparative data from 18 European countries, this article investigates the influence of job security in the choice of employment. The empirical analysis evidences significant cross-country differences in the importance attributed to job security, which is influenced by both individual and employment characteristics. When comparing the perceived job security and its importance in the choice of employment, the study finds that temporary workers are less sensitive to job security when choosing their job.

Institutions and development: the primacy of microanalysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
MWANGI S. KIMENYI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Microeconomic Analysis ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Economic Development Theory ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Abstract:In recent years, there have been major advances in the empirical analysis of the link between institutions and development. However, a number of methodological problems – both theoretical and empirical – remain unresolved and have been well articulated by Ha-Joon Chang in his article ‘Institutions and Economic Development: Theory, Policy and History’. These problems raise valid concerns about the policy relevance of the evidence arising from the studies. A more reliable approach to study the link between institutions and development and overcome the inherent problems of cross-country empirical analysis is to direct focus to microeconomic analysis of institutions. Such an approach avoids ideologically driven normative judgments about the superiority of particular institutional arrangements and also offers a more credible and tractable avenue to investigate institutional change.

scholarly journals Predicting Entrepreneurial Career Intentions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan J. Gorgievski ◽  
Ute Stephan ◽  
Mariola Laguna ◽  
Juan Antonio Moriano
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Career Intentions ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

Integrating predictions from the theory of human values with the theory of planned behavior (TPB), our primary goal is to investigate mechanisms through which individual values are related to entrepreneurial career intentions using a sample of 823 students from four European countries. We find that openness and self-enhancement values relate positively to entrepreneurial career intentions and that these relationships are partly mediated by attitudes toward entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, and, to a lesser extent, by social norms. Values and TPB constructs partially mediated cross-country differences in entrepreneurial intentions. Spanish students showed lower entrepreneurial intentions as compared to Dutch, German, and Polish students, which could be traced back to lower self-enhancement values (power and achievement), less positive attitudes toward entrepreneurship, and differences in social norms.

How Does Communicating Herd Immunity Affect Immunization Intentions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Sandro Stoffel ◽  
Benedikt Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vignette Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Definition Of

While previous studies have shown that communicating herd immunity can increase immunization intentions, it is unclear how the definition of the beneficiaries influences intentions. In a vignette study, using a new hypothetical influenza virus, 4,172 participants from five European countries (Bulgaria, N=873; Denmark, N=896; England, N=873; Estonia, N=916; and Italy, N=745) were randomized to one of three experimental conditions: (1) control (no mention of herd immunity), (2) society (social benefit of immunization for overall society mentioned), and (3) friends (social benefit for friends and family members mentioned). While the study did not find that communicating herd immunity influenced overall immunization intentions across the five countries, it found substantial cross-country differences in the effect of the communication. In England, friends increased intentions, while society increased intentions in Denmark but decreased it in Italy. While communicating the social benefit of immunization can influence intentions, its contrasting effects highlight the importance of empirically testing.

Home-ownership and housing wealth of elderly divorcees in ten European countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAREND WIND ◽  
CAROLINE DEWILDE
Keyword(s):  
Home Ownership ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Later Life ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Housing Equity

ABSTRACTRecent research has shown that divorce reduces the likelihood of home-ownership. Even in later life, ever-divorced men and women display lower home-ownership rates than their married counterparts. There is, however, a lack of knowledge about the consequences of divorce for a majority of divorcees: those who remain in home-ownership or move back into home-ownership after an episode in rental housing. This paper investigates the economic costs of divorce by focusing on the housing wealth of ever-divorced home-owners in later life (age 50 and over), against the background of changing welfare and housing regimes. The empirical analysis is based on data from ten European countries that participated in the third and fourth waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 2007/8 and 2011/2). Our analyses support an association between divorce experience and lower housing wealth holdings for men and women who remain in home-ownership after a divorce, or re-enter home-ownership after a spell in rental housing. This means that a divorce has negative housing consequences for a broader range of individuals than thus far assumed. In countries with a dynamic housing market and a deregulated housing finance system, ever-divorced home-owners are worse off than their married counterparts. In these countries, more elderly individuals with a weaker financial situation are able to remain in or regain access to (mortgaged) home-ownership, but at the cost of lower housing equity. Further research should focus on the implications (e.g. for wellbeing, economic position) of such cross-country variations.

The determinants of lifelong learning incidence across European countries (evidence from EU-SILC dataset)

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Biagetti ◽  
Sergio Scicchitano
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Country Specific

The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of EU-SILC data to deepen our understanding of the determinants of workers’ formal lifelong learning (LLL) incidence in Europe. To this purpose, a twofold procedure is adopted here: first, LLL incidence is estimated for the total number of men and women taken separately, regardless of their country of residence; second, the information on the country where they live is taken into account and 21 country-specific equations are computed. Again, this is made for both sexes. This procedure allows us to shed light on cross-country gender differences. In the whole sample, our results show that for both men and women formal LLL incidence is significantly higher among young, better-educated, part-time and temporary workers, and lower among those who changed their job in the preceding year, are employed in small firms and have low-skilled occupations. When the above-mentioned separate equations are estimated for each country and for both sexes, relevant results emerge in the case of Scandinavian countries. Those results seem to be consistent with the implementation of the well-known “flexicurity” policy.

The effect of development on the climate sensitivity of agriculture

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT MENDELSOHN ◽  
ARIEL DINAR ◽  
APURVA SANGHI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Ricardian Approach ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper examines whether a country's stage of development affects its climate sensitivity. The paper begins with a model of agriculture that shows that the effect of development on climate sensitivity is ambiguous, depending on the substitution between capital and climate. To resolve this issue, the climate sensitivity of agriculture in the United States, Brazil, and India is measured using a Ricardian approach. Relying on both intertemporal as well as cross-country comparisons, the empirical analysis suggests that increasing development reduces climate sensitivity.

Does Organisation Matter? Solidarity Approaches among Organisations and Sectors in Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 136078042096140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernández G. G. Eva ◽  
Christian Lahusen ◽  
Maria Kousis
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Elective Affinities ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Unique Dataset

European citizens continue to engage in solidarity activities in support of vulnerable groups within and beyond their own countries. Many of these organised practices of transnational solidarity provide research with important insights into the features and conditions of organisational forms of support. This article makes use of a unique dataset of transnational solidarity organisations in eight European countries during a period of economic recession and immigration crisis, and aims to empirically describe the different forms and types of solidarity prevalent within three different organisational sectors. It strives to identify the organisational features explaining the elective affinities between organisational forms and solidarity approaches. The empirical analysis validates that organisational traits and types matter when favouring vertical and/or horizontal forms of support towards vulnerable groups. Findings corroborate the relevance of professionalisation, aims, and values, in addition to action repertoires to explain organisational profiles and collective approaches to solidarity-based practices.

scholarly journals Employability skills of graduates:Insights from job advertisements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Suleman ◽  
Fátima Suleman ◽  
Filipa Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Fuzzy Cluster ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Job Advertisements ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper examines online job advertisements to identify the type of skills and other attributes required for higher education graduates in European countries. The data were collected from European job websites in 2019 (n=1,752) for any country and occupation having a job offer requiring higher education. The empirical analysis starts with a fuzzy clustering to identify typical skill patterns required by employers. Six clusters emerge from the data; five can be labelled as adaptability skills, foreign languages, specific skills, work attributes, and managing skills. The remaining one is referred to as null cluster with no distinctive required skill. Subsequently, we examine the occupation and employment conditions associated with each fuzzy cluster. Despite the demand for graduates, the service and sales related occupations prevail in the null cluster. In other five well-defined clusters we find a mix of skills of some high-qualified occupations, and search for specific skills acquired through work experience.The findings raise the question about the assignment of graduates in less qualified occupations.

scholarly journals Employment Returns to Tertiary Education for Immigrants in Western Europe: Cross-Country Differences Before and After the Economic Crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Guetto
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Immigrant Men

This article contributes to the literature on the models of immigrants’ labour market incorporation in Western Europe by analysing the employment returns to tertiary education for both natives and immigrants. By using yearly EU-LFS data (2005–2013) for a selection of Western European countries, cross-country differences in the employment returns to tertiary education are analysed separately by immigrant status and gender. In Continental Europe, where immigrant-native employment gaps before the crisis were much larger than in Southern Europe, immigrants are found to benefit more from tertiary education, and their returns are also higher than for natives, while the opposite holds in Southern European countries. The same pattern is found irrespective of gender, but cross-country differences are more pronounced among women. The article also documents that the crisis contributed to a cross-country convergence, although limited to men, in the degree of immigrant employment disadvantage, which increased substantially in Southern Europe while remaining unchanged or slightly declining in all other countries. Nevertheless, although immigrant-native employment gaps grew as high as in Continental Europe, immigrant men in Southern Europe are still found to benefit from lower returns to tertiary education than their native counterparts.

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