scholarly journals Demobilised or dormant? Exploring pro-strike attitudes among employees who have never joined a strike

2020 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2098005
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Frangi ◽  
Muhammad Umar Boodoo ◽  
Robert Hebdon
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Experience Goods ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Over Time

The general decline of strikes does not necessarily imply that workers are demobilised. A dormant strike potential can be present. Drawing on strikes as ‘experience goods’, this article sheds light on this point by studying pro-strike attitudes among employees in 24 countries who have never been on strike. The variation in pro-strike attitudes is explained by both contextual (collective bargaining coverage, economic conditions and freedom of rights and liberties) and individual (union membership and confidence in unions, political values and household financial situation) factors. Deeper analyses of three countries highlight the potential impact of specific repertoires of contention developed over time on the formation of pro-strike attitudes. Implications for the labour conflict literature and union strategies are discussed.

scholarly journals China’s Investments in Germany and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Xinming Xia ◽  
Wan-Hsin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Know How ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper analyses how China’s investments in Germany have developed over time and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this regard, based on four different datasets, including our own survey in mid-2020. Our analysis shows that Germany is currently one of the most attractive investment destinations for Chinese investors. Chinese state-owned enterprises have played an important role as investors in Germany — particularly in large-scale projects. The COVID-19 pandemic has had some negative but rather temporary effects on Chinese investments in Germany. Germany is expected to stay attractive to Chinese investors who seek to gain access to advanced technologies and know-how in the future.

scholarly journals Economic Conditions at School Leaving and Sleep Patterns Across the Life Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Catherine Maclean ◽  
Terrence D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Work Type

Abstract We use data drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort to study the effects of leaving school in an economic downturn on sleep quality and quantity. We account for the potential endogeneity of economic conditions at school leaving using instrumental variables based on birth year and early state of residence. We find that men who leave school in an economic downturn initially experience lower quality sleep, but these men are able to experience improved sleep quality over time. Women who leave school in an economic downturn experience better sleep quality, although the effect emerges over time. We find that leaving school in an economic downturn increases sleep quantity among men and women. We document heterogeneity by work type.

The Mandatory-Permissive Distinction and Collective Bargaining Outcomes

ILR Review ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thomas Delaney ◽  
Donna Sockell
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Union Contract

The authors use union contract and laboratory experiment data to assess whether the distinction between mandatory and permissive bargaining subjects affects collective bargaining outcomes. In general, the findings suggest that the distinction has an impact. The contract analysis suggests that bargaining differs across contracts that include permissive items and contracts that exclude permissive items. Further, an analysis of the potential impact of the distinction in a controlled setting indicates that unions negotiate less favorable nonwage bargaining outcomes when an issue's legal status is permissive or unknown than when it is mandatory.

ITA Expansion, Time, and Costs

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-140
Author(s):  
Susan D. Franck
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Expansion Time ◽  
Legal Costs ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 4 initially provides data about the growth of ITA as well as offering a series of frames against which to understand its evolution, including a sociological perspective analyzing changes in ITA’s caseload against Professor Everett’s theory of diffusion of innovations. It next explores other elements of time, namely case length and deliberative delays, by offering descriptive data and testing whether case length has reliably increased over time or whether resolution times vary on the basis of institutions resolving disputes. It then turns to exploring temporal elements related to bifurcation and separate opinions. After providing an explanation of the fiscal costs data particularly related to parties’ legal costs as well as tribunal costs and expenses (and conducting a variety of tests to explore the potential impact of missing data), the last section identifies the reliable relationship between the costs of dispute resolution and the time required to resolve the dispute.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of Oat Ingredient Type on Oral Fragmentation of Biscuits and Oro-Digestibility of Starch—An In Vitro Approach

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Gamero ◽  
Quoc Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Paula Varela ◽  
Susana Fiszman ◽  
Amparo Tarrega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Fragmentation Pattern ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Oat Flour ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Fragmentation Patterns ◽  
Instrumental Texture ◽  
Over Time

The aim of the present study was to determine how variation in the biscuit matrix affects both the degree of in vitro fragmentation and the starch hydrolysis that occurs during the oral phase of digestion. Using three different oat ingredient types (oat flour, small flakes, and big flakes) and baking powder (or none), six biscuits with different matrices were obtained. The instrumental texture (force and sound measurements) of the biscuits was analyzed. The samples were then subjected to in vitro fragmentation. The particle size distribution and in vitro oral starch hydrolysis over time of the fragmented samples were evaluated. The results showed that the samples presented different fragmentation patterns, mainly depending on the oat ingredient type, which could be related to their differences in texture. The biscuits made with oat flour were harder, had a more compact matrix and showed more irregular fragmentation and a higher percentage area of small particles than those made with big oat flakes, which were more fragile and crumbly. The highest degree of starch hydrolysis corresponded to the biscuits made with flour. Conclusions: Differences in the mechanical properties of the biscuit matrix, in this case due to differences in the oat ingredient, play a role in the in vitro fragmentation pattern of biscuits and in the oral phase of starch hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Union Density Effects on Productivity and Wages

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (631) ◽  
pp. 1898-1936
Author(s):  
Erling Barth ◽  
Alex Bryson ◽  
Harald Dale-Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Union Membership ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Wage Effect ◽  
Density Effects ◽  
Tax Subsidies ◽  
Rent Sharing ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We exploit changes in tax subsidies for union members in Norway to identify the effects of changes in firm-level union density on productivity and wages. Increased deductions in taxable income for union members led to higher membership rates and contributed to a lower decline in union membership rates over time in Norway. Accounting for selection effects and the potential endogeneity of unionisation, the results show that increasing union density at the firm level leads to a substantial increase in both productivity and wages. The wage effect is larger in more productive firms, consistent with rent-sharing models.

Strikes and Labor Organization in Hybrid Regimes

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAEME B. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
Hybrid Regimes ◽  
Labor Protest ◽  
Hybrid Regime

Existing theories of labor protest depend on independent organizations representing workers. However, in many countries most workers are either not organized at all or are in labor unions intended for control, not representation. This is particularly the case in partially liberalized or hybrid regimes where, despite the introduction of electoral competition, autonomous, democratic organizations representing labor are not well developed. Yet such workers do protest. Drawing on an original new dataset from one hybrid regime, post-Communist Russia, I develop a theory of labor protest and of the institutional mechanisms used by elites to influence it. Instead of being a function of union membership or characteristics of the information environment, as the existing literature would have it, protest occurs when it is in the interest of powerful elements of the elite, or when economic conditions are truly desperate.

Collective Bargaining and Union Membership Effects on the Wages of Male Youths

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Blakemore ◽  
Janet C. Hunt ◽  
B. F. Kiker
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Union Membership

Black Power and Black Theology in Cairo, Illinois

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. Pimblott
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Black Church ◽  
Black Power ◽  
Black Theology ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Black Freedom Struggle ◽  
Freedom Struggle ◽  
Black Freedom ◽  
Moral Suasion ◽  
Over Time

This chapter argues that the thesis of Black Power's de-Christianization must be tested on the ground, with scholars paying attention to local struggles as they evolved over time, and in response to changing social and economic conditions. It follows the religious contours of Cairo's black freedom struggle from the 1950s to the 1970s to illustrate that while Black Power's reliance upon the black church was consistent with earlier campaigns, the United Front's theology nevertheless reflected a significant departure from the established Civil Rights credo. Whereas civil rights leaders expressed a firm belief in the redemptive power of Christian nonviolence and moral suasion to topple the walls of segregation, Cairo's Black Power advocates were less optimistic.

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