Inferences and Word Associations of Children with Visual Impairments

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley R. Wyver ◽  
Rosalyn Markham ◽  
Sonia Hlavacek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Children With Visual Impairments ◽  
The Way

A comparison of the performance of children with congenital visual impairments and sighted children on two tasks involving inferences found some differences between the two groups when the information was visual, but not when it was nonvisual. The results of a word association task found that visual impairment affected some aspects of responses to both visual and nonvisual items, but had little effect on other aspects. Differences in semantic and lexical functioning seem to be related to the way the two groups acquire information.

Conceptualisations of xoshbaxti (‘happiness / prosperity’) and baxt (‘fate / luck’) in Persian

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Sharifian ◽  
Mehri Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Word Association ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
European Language ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Married Life ◽  
Multidisciplinary Nature ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper explores conceptualisations of xoshbaxti (‘happiness / prosperity’) and baxt (‘fate / luck’) in Persian, adopting a combined historical and contemporary analysis. The expression xoshbaxti consists of the free morphemes xosh (‘pleasant’) and baxt (‘fate’). The root of baxt originates from the Proto-Indo-European language (bʰeh₂g). An historical analysis returning all the way to the Proto-Indo-Iranian religion shows that the concept of baxt captured the idea of a pre-determined destiny by conceptualising Bhaga as a god who dispenses fortune. Data from a number of Persian encyclopaedias, dictionaries and weblogs, as well as a word association task carried out by a group of speakers of Persian, revealed that xoshbaxti in contemporary Persian is largely associated with what is considered to be a “good” married life. Overall, the findings of this study illustrate the usefulness of combining diachronic and synchronic approaches when analysing cultural conceptualisations. The study also shows that attempts to trace the historical roots of cultural conceptualisations may benefit from insights gained in other fields, such as the history of religions. In this context, the multidisciplinary nature of the newly developed field of Cultural Linguistics provides an effective basis for cross-disciplinary openness, which has the potential to deepen the scope of analyses undertaken.

Testing the Revised Hierarchical Model: Evidence from word associations

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON CLENTON
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Response Behaviour ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Association Response ◽  
Model Evidence

The main purpose of the work described in this paper is to examine the extent to which the L2 developmental changes predicted by Kroll and Stewart's (1994) Revised Hierarchical Model (RHM) can be understood by word association response behaviour. The RHM attempts to account for the relative “strength of the links between words and concepts in each of the bilingual's languages” (Kroll, Van Hell, Tokowicz & Green, 2010, p. 373). It proposes that bilinguals with higher L2 proficiency tend to rely less on mediation, while less proficient L2 learners tend to rely on mediation and access L2 words by translating from L1 equivalents. In this paper, I present findings from a simple word association task. More proficient learners provided a greater proportion of collocational links, suggesting that they mediate less when compared to less proficient learners. The results provide tentative support for Kroll and Stewart's model.

scholarly journals Equipamento Vestível para Auxílio na Mobilidade de Pessoas Com Deficiência Visual

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Claudio Leite Pereira ◽  
Janine Kniess
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Impaired Person ◽  
The Way

Mobility for people with visual impairments is a challenge in placeswhere there is no knowledge of obstacles. Research carried out inthis work identified that people with visual impairment have difficultieswith obstacles located above 1 meter. Thus, an approach isproposed to notify the visually impaired person through sound andvibration about such obstacles. The proposed solution is available onthe ThingSpeak platform and components such as microcontrollers(ESP8266 NodeMcu ESP-12), sensors, buzzer and GPS were usedin its development. Results confirmed that the proposed approachcorrectly identified the existence of obstacles with a height equalto or greater than 1 (one) meter in the way of visually impairedpeople.

scholarly journals The structure of developing semantic networks: Evidence from single and multiple nominal word associations in young monolingual and bilingual readers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1169
Author(s):  
Tessa Spätgens ◽  
Rob Schoonen
Keyword(s):  
Word Association ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Minority Children ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Multiple Association

ABSTRACTThe present study focuses on the effect of an important methodological choice in word association studies in children: the elicitation of single versus multiple responses. This choice has been shown to affect the numbers and types of associations adults produce, however, little is known about how it affects children’s word associations. A total of 11,725 associations to 80 nouns from 207 monolingual and bilingual minority children were classified according to a detailed coding system, and differences between the semantic characteristics of first, second, and third responses were examined. We show that in children as well, the multiple association task elicits more and qualitatively different responses, resulting in more diversified semantic networks surrounding the stimulus nouns. On the speaker level, reading comprehension scores were related differently to initial and later responses, suggesting a more complex measure of semantic knowledge emerges from the multiple word association task. No differences were found between monolingual and bilingual children’s associative preferences. We argue that the multiple association task produces more detailed data on language users’ semantic networks than the single association task, and suggest a number of ways in which this task could be employed in future research.

The Impact of Developmental Factors on Stereotypic Rocking of Children with Visual Impairments

2003 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 453-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine McHugh ◽  
Lauren Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children With Visual Impairments

Of 52 children who attended a sports camp for children with visual impairments, 15 demonstrated stereotypic rocking currently or in the past. Three factors were associated with rocking: etiology of visual impairment, visual status, and early medical history. Children who were the most likely to exhibit rocking were those with retinopathy of prematurity who underwent lengthy hospital stays and multiple surgeries early in their lives and who were totally blind from birth.

Intercountry Adoption of Children with Visual Impairments: An Exploratory Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Paula Wenner Conroy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
Children With Visual Impairments

Introduction Although there is much research related to the adoption of children with disabilities in general, there is none that focuses specifically on the experiences of parents who have adopted children with visual impairments (that is, who are blind or have low vision) from outside of the United States (also called “intercountry” or “international” adoption). Methods Fifteen parents of children who were adopted from outside the United States and had visual impairments were interviewed in this exploratory study. The participants all lived in the United States following the adoptions and volunteered to participate in this study in 2015. Research questions focusing on pre-adoption (why and who), challenges, and supports framed the open-ended interviews. The interviews were transcribed and themes emerged through the process of coding. Results Parents shared their personal experiences through interviews. All 15 parents had similarities in the process of adoption. Parents adopted in order to begin or enlarge their families, but did not necessarily go into the process desiring to adopt a child with a visual impairment. Challenges were experienced in the areas of medical, educational, and social-emotional needs. Parents agreed that supports were necessary before, during, and after the adoption process. Discussion The need for supports throughout the entire process of inter-country adoption of a child with a visual impairment was made clear through this study. Adoption agencies and agencies for visually impaired individuals are in a good position to set up support networks and mentorship programs. Implications for practitioners This study only scratches the surface of the topic of intercountry adoption of children with visual impairments. By sharing experiences, attention can be given to issues, and systems can be put into place to better support families in raising internationally adopted children with visual impairments.

Three Classes of Change to Improve the Daily Living Skills of Persons with Visual Impairment

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 402-404
Author(s):  
J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Daily Living Skills ◽  
Living Skills ◽  
The Way

Individuals who become visually impaired need to adapt in the way they perform tasks. This article describes three classes of change involved in improving the daily living skills of persons with visual impairments: changes in the work, in the workplace, and in the worker's activity. Changes in the work or product are considered the highest level of change and, of necessity, bring about changes in the workplace and in the worker's activities. Case studies illustrate the three levels of changes.

scholarly journals ENCANTOS E ENCONTROS DA BIBLIOTERAPIA PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL = BIBLIOTHERAPY CHARMS AND MEETINGS FOR PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Marilia Mesquita Guedes Pereira ◽  
Danielle da Silva Pinheiro Wellichan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Identity Integration ◽  
Informational Environment ◽  
Impaired Person ◽  
The Way

A leitura possui um vasto significado na vida do ser humano, independentemente do ambiente ou da forma como aconteça. Especialmente por meio da Biblioterapia, ela pode representar grandes transformações e, para as pessoas com deficiência visual (de forma congênita ou adquirida), pode oferecer oportunidades de identidade, integração e expressão, despertando possibilidades importantes que podem ser trabalhadas e incluídas por bibliotecários em seu ambiente informacional. Com o objetivo de descrever sobre a prática e essas possibilidades, realizou-se uma breve revisão de literatura, somada à descrição de duas sessões de Biblioterapia realizadas na biblioteca de um instituto especializado mediado por uma Bibliotecária, na Paraíba, em João Pessoa. Assim, foi possível identificar como a leitura auxilia a pessoa com deficiência visual a desvendar, recordar e se encantar com um mundo cheio de descobertas, imaginação e diversão, mesmo de forma diferente. Resultados apontam inúmeros benefícios e demonstram o quanto a Biblioterapia favorece a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência visual nas sessões desenvolvidas nas bibliotecas e amplia os horizontes profissionais do bibliotecário em relação aos seus usuários.AbstractReading has a vast meaning in human life, regardless of the environment or the way it happens. Especially through Bibliotherapy, it can represent great transformations and, for people with visual impairment (congenital or acquired), it can offer opportunities for identity, integration and expression, awakening important possibilities that can be worked on and included by librarians in their informational environment. In order to describe the practice and these possibilities, a brief literature review was carried out, together with the description of two Bibliotherapy sessions held in the library of a specialized institute mediated by a Librarian, in Paraíba, João Pessoa. Thus, it was possible to identify how reading helps the visually impaired person to unravel, remember and be enchanted by a world full of discoveries, imagination and fun, even in a different way. Results point out numerous benefits and demonstrate how bibliotherapy favors the inclusion of people with visual impairments in the sessions developed in libraries and expands the librarian's professionalhorizons in relation to their users.

Some Effects of Stimulus Modality on Word Associations

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 624-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Ohnmacht ◽  
Angel M. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Visual Mode ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Main Effects

114 Ss were administered a word-association task with stimuli presented to half the Ss in an aural mode, and to half in a visual mode. Responses were evaluated in terms of meaningfulness, quality, and structure. Qualitative and structural differences were negligible, whereas meaningfulness was affected by modality and stimulus characteristics. Interpretation of main effects was tempered by the presence of a significant interaction between modality and stimulus.

scholarly journals Exploring learners’ understanding of technical vocabulary in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-101
Author(s):  
Cailing Lu ◽  
Frank Boers ◽  
Averil Coxhead
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Word List ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Technical Vocabulary ◽  
Technical Terms ◽  
The Way

This study explores English for specific purposes learners’ understanding of technical words in a previously-developed technical word list in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The principal aim was to estimate what kind of technical terms pose problems to TCM learners and might therefore merit special attention in instruction. Of particular interest was the question whether there is a divergence in the understanding of technical vocabulary in TCM between Chinese and Western background learners. To achieve these aims, a combination of word association tasks and retrospective interviews was implemented with 11 Chinese and 10 Western background TCM learners. The data showed that both Chinese and Western learners encountered certain difficulties in understanding technical vocabulary in their study. However, their sources of difficulty were different. Comparisons of typical word associations between Chinese and Western learners indicated that there was a degree of divergence in the way these two participant groups understood TCM terms.

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